BS 1421-1995 Specification for picks beater picks and mattocks《镐、捣击镐与鹤嘴锄规范》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS1421:1995 Specification for Picks, beater picks and mattocksBS1421:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engineering SectorBoard, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15 June1995 BSI 09-1999 First publ

2、ished December1947 Second edition June1995 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MTE/15 Draft for comment88/77097DC ISBN 0 580 23272 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical

3、Committee MTE/15, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Coal Corporation British Telecommunications plc Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Federation of British Hand Tool Manufacturers Handle Manufacturers Association Institute of Carpenters Institute of Trading Standards Administr

4、ation Ministry of Defence The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of Metropolitan Authorities British Hardware Federation County Surveyors Society London Borough of Barking and Dagenham Amendments issued since publicat

5、ion Amd. No. Date CommentsBS1421:1995 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Forms and dimensions 1 4 Mass 1 5 Material for heads 1 6 Manufacture 1 7 Finish 1 8 Heat treatment 2 9 Shafts 2 10 Fitting and finish of shafts 2 11 Dim

6、ensions of shafts 2 12 Sockets 2 13 Tests 3 14 Marking 3 Annex A (normative) Tests 27 Annex B (informative) Notes for safe use 28 Annex C (informative) European type eye forms 28 Figure 1 Form and dimensions of eyes for navvy picks, beater picks and mattocks for American standard No.6 eye 4 Figure 2

7、 Form and dimensions of eyes for Universal No.1 miners picks 5 Figure 3 Navvy pick, chisel and point ends 6 Figure 4 Navvy pick, double point ends 7 Figure 5 Beater pick, point and tee ends 8 Figure 6 Pick mattock, pick point and mattock ends 9 Figure 7 Grubbing mattock, cutter and mattock ends 10 F

8、igure 8 Mattock, chisel and axe ends (English cross-clay mattock) 11 Figure 9 Double point Universal No.1 eye miners pick 12 Figure 10 Pick head digging chisel and point 13 Figure 11 Universal No.1 eye poll pick with hammer and straight point 14 Figure 12 ACME No.0 to1“ and0 to2 pick blades 15 Figur

9、e 13 ACME No.0 to2 hatchet blade 16 Figure 14 Wooden shaft for pick 17 Figure 15 Detail of fibreglass reinforced plastics shaft and plug for pick for Universal No.6 eye 18 Figure 16 Wooden shaft for socket of miners pick for Universal No.1 eye 19 Figure 17 Socket details for wooden shaft as fitted t

10、o suit miners pick for Universal No.1 eye 20 Figure 18 Detail of fibreglass reinforced plastics shaft and socket for miners pick for Universal No.1 eye 21 Figure 19 Socket details for wooden shaft to suit ACME size No.0 pick 22 Figure 20 Socket details for fibreglass reinforced plastics shaft to sui

11、t ACME size No.0 pick 23 Figure 21 Fibreglass reinforced plastics shaft to suit ACME pick 24BS1421:1995 ii BSI 09-1999 Page Figure 22 Wooden shaft for socket of ACME picks and hatchet 25 Figure A.1 Drop test for picks and beaters 28 Figure C.1 Oval eye 29 Figure C.2 Round eye for pickaxe 29 Table 1

12、Navvy pick, chisel and point ends 6 Table 2 Navvy pick, double point ends 7 Table 3 Beater pick, point and tee ends 8 Table 4 Pick mattock, pick point and mattock ends 9 Table 5 Grubbing mattock, cutter and mattock ends 10 Table 6 Mattock, chisel and axe ends (English cross-clay mattock) 11 Table 7

13、Double point Universal No.1 eye miners pick 12 Table 8 Pick head digging chisel and point 13 Table 9 Universal No.1 eye poll pick with hammer and straight point 14 Table 10 ACME No.0 to1“ and0 to2 pick blades 15 Table 11 ACME No.0 to2 hatchet blade 16 Table 12 Analysis of carbon steel for heads for

14、navvy picks, beater picks and mattocks 26 Table 13 Analysis of steel for heads for miners picks 26 Table C.1 Oval eye to DIN1197 29 List of references Inside back coverBS1421:1995 BSI 09-1999 iii Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee MTE/15 and is based on a draft s

15、ubmitted by the Federation of British Hand Tool Manufacturers. This revision has been undertaken to keep abreast of improvements in the manufacture and design of picks, beater picks, and mattocks. This standard supersedes BS1421:1947 which is withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to include

16、 all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi t

17、o iv, pages1to30, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS1421:1995 BSI 09-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies the

18、 quality, dimensions and mass, together with the dimensions of shafts where appropriate, for the following types of picks: a) navvy pick; b) beater pick; c) mattock; d) miners pick; e) ACME pick. 2 References 2.1 Normative references This standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisi

19、ons from other publications. These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited publications are listed on the inside back cover. For dated references, only the edition cited applies; any subsequent amendments to or revisions of the cited publication apply to thi

20、s standard only when incorporated in the reference by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the cited publication applies, together with any amendments. 2.2 Informative references This standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions

21、 of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Forms and dimensions The eyes of the navvy picks, beater picks and mattocks shall be of a tapered oval form and dimensioned as shown in Fig

22、ure 1. The eyes of the miners picks, pick head, digging (see Figure 12) and poll pick (see Figure 13) shall be of a tapered oval form and dimensioned as shown in Figure 2. NOTEIn these figures an approximate draft angle is indicated on the end elevations. This draft angle and the point at which the

23、die-line occurs (where applicable) is at the manufacturers discretion. The form and dimensions of the heads, sockets and shafts shall be as shown in Figure 3 to Figure 22 and Table 1 to Table 11. NOTEExamples of European types of eye are shown in Annex C. 4 Mass The mass (inkg) of any pick head shal

24、l be in accordance with the mass given in Table 1 to Table 11. 5 Material for heads For navvy picks, beater picks and mattocks (witheyes as shown in Figure 1), heads shall be made of good quality carbon steel with an analysis in accordance with Table 12. For miners picks (with eyes as shown in Figur

25、e 2), heads shall be manufactured from fully killed forging quality steel in accordance with the basic analysis range given in Table 13. The steel shall have a controlled grain size within the range5 to8 (McQuaid-Ehn) as defined in BS4490:1989. For pickhead, digging (with eye as shown in Figure 2; s

26、ee Figure 10), the material shall be good quality carbon steel with an analysis in accordance with Table 12. 6 Manufacture The heads shall be evenly shaped, free from flaws, seams or other deleterious defects. Excessive fins or flashes shall be removed. The eyes shall be evenly shaped and central an

27、d the major axis shall be in line with the axis of the implement. The longitudinal axis of the eye shall coincide with the longitudinal axis of the pick head within3 for miners picks and ACME picks, and within5 for all other products. 7 Finish The points and cutting edges of the picks shall be finis

28、hed to a smooth surface. Points shall have a square-based pyramidal shape to an approximate included angle of40 . Cutting edges shall be to an approximate included angle of20 . The striking face of the hammer ends shall be convex and have a smooth, bright finish. The striking face shall have a chamf

29、er at approximately45 (or equivalent radius) all around the circumference with width equal to approximately one-twelfth of the diameter of the striking face, when measured across the chamfer angle. All heads shall be free from all surface inclusions such as cracks, frays, laps and piping, which coul

30、d affect or impair the functional requirement of the tool.BS1421:1995 2 BSI 09-1999 8 Heat treatment 8.1 Navvy picks, beater picks and mattocks 8.1.1 The pointed end of the picks, beater picks and mattocks shall be heat treated during the course of the manufacture to give a hardness with the range o

31、f46 to54HRC as defined in BS891. The point tested shall be as near as practicable to the working point or cutting edge of the implement so as to obtain an accurate reading. 8.1.2 The mattock blade and beater end of the beater pick shall be heat treated to give a hardness within the range38 to54 HRC

32、as defined in BS891. 8.2 Miners picks and ACME picks 8.2.1 Miners pick heads shall be in the normalized condition prior to hardening. 8.2.2 The head shall be hardened at the working ends in order to achieve a martensitic structure and tempered so that the hardness is in the range46 HRC to54 HRC exce

33、pt for the striking face of hammer ends which shall be48 HRC to56 HRC as defined in BS891. 8.2.3 The hardness on the hammer end striking face when measured from any point along that face shall extend to a minimum depth of3mm at which the hardness shall not be less than44HRC and not be greater than t

34、hat of the surface. 8.2.4 The hardness at the points and cutting edges shall extend to a minimum depth of20mm from the point or cutting edge at which the hardness shall not be less than42HRC. 8.2.5 The eye hardness shall not exceed35HRC when tested using the Rockwell hardness test method. NOTEAltern

35、ative methods of hardness testing may be used in conjunction with BS860. 9 Shafts 9.1 General Shafts shall be manufactured from wood, or fibre-glass reinforced plastics. 9.2 Wood shafts Wood shafts shall be made of hickory of at least grade BW/BR in accordance with BS3823. 9.3 Fibre-glass reinforced

36、 plastics shafts Fibre-glass reinforced plastics shafts shall be moulded in thermosetting type plastics containing a minimum of60% fibre-glass (m/m). Glass fibres shall be continuous, unidirectional and longitudinal. Where the butt end of the shaft is provided with a grip, it shall be securely fitte

37、d, and suffer no deterioration due to the action of oil and/or grease. 10 Fitting and finish of shafts 10.1 Miners picks with No.1 Universal Eye other than ACME picks (see10.2) Where fitted the socketed shaft shall be visually square with the pick head and shall fully fit the eye. The projection of

38、the socketed wooden shaft, when stamped home in the eye of the pick, shall be not less than10mm or greater than35mm. 10.2 ACME picks The shaft shall be rivetted to the socket by means of a rivet as shown in Figure 19 and the socketed shaft shall be visually square with the pick head. The head shall

39、be held in position by a steel wedge as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20. 10.3 Navvy picks, beater picks and mattocks The projection of the shafts when fully fitted in the eye of the pick head shall be not less than12.5mm or greater than38mm. 10.4 Finish Wood and fibre-glass reinforced plastics shaf

40、ts shall be smoothly finished so that there are no surface imperfections. Wood shafts may be smooth sanded, waxed, lacquered or varnished. 11 Dimensions of shafts Unless intended for use in special circumstances, for example for use in confined spaces, the dimensions of the shafts shall be as follow

41、s, depending upon the type of eye and the material used for the shaft. a) With No.6 eyes the dimensions of the shafts shall be as follows. 1) For wooden shafts the dimensions shall be as given in Figure 14. 2) For fibre-glass shafts the dimensions shall be as given in Figure 15. b) With No.1 eyes th

42、e dimensions of the shafts shall be as follows. 1) The dimensions of wooden shafts shall be as given in Figure 16. 2) The dimensions other than length of fibre-glass reinforced plastics shafts shall be as given in Figure 18. NOTEFor fibre-glass reinforced plastics shafts, the lengths shown in Figure

43、 18 are recommended. 12 Sockets If shafts are fitted with sockets of steel for miners picks and malleable cast iron for ACME picks, they shall be shaped and dimensioned as shown in Figure 2, Figure 19 and Figure 20.BS1421:1995 BSI 09-1999 3 13 Tests Each pick, beater pick or mattock shall be capable

44、 of passing the tests in Annex A. After hardness testing in accordance withA.1, the pick head hardness shall be in accordance with clause8. After testing the soundness of the pick head in accordance withA.2.1, the pick head shall on examination show no signs of cracking or damage. After drop testing

45、 of the pick head in accordance withA.2.2, the working end of the tool shall show no sign of deformation or cracking. In the case of fibre glass shafts, after testing in accordance withA.3.1, there shall be no defect as a result of the test that would affect the safe use of the pick. After testing t

46、he adhesion of the shaft grip in accordance withA.3.2, the shaft grip shall remain firmly attached to the shaft. After testing the attachment of the head and handle in accordance withA.3.3, the head/plug/handle shall show no sign of having pulled apart or loosened. 14 Marking 14.1 Heads Each head sh

47、all be legibly marked with the following: a) nominal mass; b) manufacturers name or trademark; c) where space permits, the number of this British Standard, i.e.BS1421:1995. 1) In order to avoid stress concentration, all markings shall be applied to the unhardened part of the head. 14.2 Traceability

48、mark of shaft Each shaft shall be legibly branded with a traceability mark in such a way that the source of manufacture may be readily determined. 1) Marking BS1421:1995 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e.a claim by or on behalf of the manufactur

49、er that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimants responsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also be desirable.BS1421:1995 4 BSI 09-1999 Figure 1 Form and dimensions of eyes for navvy picks, beater picks and mattocks for American standard No.6 eyeBS1421:1995 BSI 09-1999 5 Figure 2 Form and dimensions of eyes for Universal No.1 miners picksBS1