BS 1759-1969 Specification for knurling wheels《滚花轮规范》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1759:1969 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Knurling wheelsBS1759:1969 This British Standard, having been approved by the MechanicalEngineering IndustryStandards Committeeand endorsed by the Chairman ofthe Engineering Divisional Council, was publishedunder theauthor

2、ityof the GeneralCouncilon 14 February 1969 BSI07-1999 First published July 1951 First revision February 1969 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MEE/111 Draft for comment 68/7108 ISBN 580 00490 2 Co-operating organizations The Mechanical Engineering

3、 Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Associated Offices Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers Association of Mini

4、ng Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Board of Trade British Chemical Plant Manufacturers Association British Compressed Air Society British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association British Gear Manufacturers Association British Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers Association British St

5、eel Industry British Mechanical Engineering Confederation British Pump Manufacturers Association Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations Department of Employment and Productivity (H.M. Factory Inspectorate) Electricity Council, the Central Electricity Generating Board and the Area B

6、oards in England and Wales Engineering Equipment Users Association Gas Council Institute of Marine Engineers Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Automobil

7、e Division) Institution of Production Engineers Locomotive and Allied Manufacturers Association of Great Britain London Transport Board Machine Tool Trades Association Ministry of Defence Ministry of Defence Army Department Ministry of Power Ministry of Public Building and Works Ministry of Technolo

8、gy Ministry of Technology National Engineering Laboratory Ministry of Transport National Coal Board National Physical Laboratory (Ministry of Technology) Royal Institute of British Architects The following organizations were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of thi

9、s British Standard: Engineering Industries Association Gauge and Tool Makers Association Fasteners and Turned Parts Institute Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 7812 October 1993 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS1759:1969 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Co-operatin

10、g organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 General 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Types 1 1.3 Designation 1 2 Manufacture 1 2.1 Material 1 2.2 Hardness 1 2.3 Dimensions 2 2.4 Tolerances 2 2.5 Marking 2 Appendix A Forms of knurling wheels 6 Appendix B Guide to knurling operations 6 Figure 1 Standard pitches

11、 3 Figure 2 Section through a knurling wheel 4 Figure 3 Typical tooth shape 4 Figure 4 Forms of knurling wheels covered by this British Standard 5 Figure 5 Special forms of knurling wheels 5 Table 1 Knurling wheel dimensions and associated pitches 3 Table 2 Recommended component diameters for given

12、wheel sizes 3BS1759:1969 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 860, Tables for comparison of hardness scales. BS 891, Method for Rockwell hardness test. BS 970, Wrought steels in the form of bars, billets and forgings, up to 6 in ruling section,

13、 for automobile and general engineering purposes. En series. BS 1916, Limits and fits for engineering. BS 1916-1, Limits and tolerances. This British Standard was first published in1951, and has been revised under the authority of the Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee as the result

14、 of requests emanating from industry. European standards and practice were taken as the basis of the revision, but these have been modified and amplified in order to produce a standard satisfactory for use both in this country and abroad. In the original standard knurling wheels were graded by the t

15、erms fine, medium and coarse. It was felt that, as this was a subjective grading, the use of the more precise stipulation of “pitch” should be encouraged. A further reason for this change in designation is that an individual subjective impression of what constitutes say, a fine knurl, will vary acco

16、rding to the component diameter, and thus, although it is realized that with care any size component can be knurled with any size wheel, a range of recommended component diameters for each wheel size (seeTable 2) has been specified. However, as the above terms have achieved such popular usage, refer

17、ence to them has been retained. The specification of “number of teeth per wheel” has not been encouraged (see2.3.1). The additional width for the20mm diameter wheel (seeTable 1) was specified to cater for knurling on very large components which often requires a high pressure. A diamond wheel has bee

18、n introduced as a standard item, but its use is subject to limitations (see1.2.3). For those unfamiliar with knurling operations a short and by no means exhaustive guide is given inAppendix B. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British

19、 Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 7 and a back cover. This standard has been

20、updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS1759:1969 BSI 07-1999 1 1 General 1.1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for the design and manufacture of wheels intended to fit into a su

21、itable holder, together forming a “knurling tool”, for the production of a series of fine ridges, diamonds or teeth, on components generally of circular cross section. The purposes for which these ridges or teeth can be used are as follows: 1) Ornamentation. 2) To provide a hand or finger grip. 3) T

22、o provide for fixture, location or interference, on non-precision or unimportant assemblies, and the keying of inserts in castings and plastic mouldings. Other types of knurling wheels, intended for any operations requiring greater precision than is necessary to produce the types of knurling given a

23、bove, and those manufactured for use on components of unusual form, are not covered by the requirements of this British Standard, except that examples are given, together with a recommendation that they comply with the requirements for material and hardness; the clauses relating to dimensions and li

24、mits of tolerance on manufacture do not apply to these other types. 1.2 Types 1.2.1 This British Standard specifies the following three types of knurling wheel, which are based on the angle of inclination of the teeth to the axis of the wheel (seeFigure 4). 1) Straight tooth wheel. A wheel in which

25、the teeth are parallel to the axis of the wheel. 2) Helical tooth wheel. A wheel in which the teeth are formed at an angle of30 3 with the axis of the wheel. Helical teeth wheel shall be of right hand or left hand form, which shall be defined with reference to the axis of the wheel, in a manner simi

26、lar to that use for a screw thread. 3) Diamond tooth wheel. A wheel in which the teeth are formed at an angle of30 3 , as above, but with the left hand and right hand forms superimposed. The use of this type of wheel will produce an inverted diamond pattern, with flattened crests, on the work. To ob

27、tain the usual raised diamond pattern, a special rolled “inverted diamond” knurling wheel must be used. NOTEDiamond knurling can also be produced by the use of helical tooth wheels in pairs, right hand and left hand, or by straight tooth wheels set at the correct angle in a suitable tool holder. 1.2

28、.2 Other forms of wheel are available (seeAppendix A andFigure 5) by special arrangement between the manufacturer and the user. 1.3 Designation It is recommended that knurling wheels be designated by the quotation of the nominal diameter and pitch. The pitches specified for each wheel size are such

29、that, when used on a component within the recommended range for that size of wheel, it will be possible to achieve what is generally known as a fine, medium or coarse knurl (see Foreword). The use of these general terms is to be deprecated. 1.3.1 Ordering. When ordering knurling wheels the following

30、 information should be specified: 1) Nominal diameter. 2) Pitch. 3) Material requirements. 4) Tooth form. 5) Width. 2 Manufacture 2.1 Material Knurling wheels shall be manufactured from one of the following steels. 1) Steel either: a) of chemical composition: carbon0.95% to1.10%; manganese0.40% to0.

31、70%; chromium1.20% to1.60%; Brinell Hardness229max; or b) which exhibits equivalent or superior properties when used for knurling. NOTE 1The composition in item a) corresponded to steel535A99 in the former BS970-1:1983 and is understood to be still available. NOTE 2The steel in item b) is a through

32、hardening steel, capable of hardening by nitriding. 2) High speed steel. 2.2 Hardness Each knurling wheel shall be hardened and tempered to between60 and64 HRC 1)or the equivalent on other recognized hardness scales 2) . 1) BS 891, “Method for Rockwell hardness test”. 2) BS 860, “Tables for comparis

33、on of hardness scales”.BS1759:1969 2 BSI 07-1999 2.3 Dimensions The range of nominal wheel sizes shall be as given inTable 1. 2.3.1 Pitches. A range of standard pitches, for each nominal diameter, is given inTable 1. Each pitch, in both the straight and diamond form, is illustrated as in a single pl

34、ane inFigure 1, in order to give the user a visual picture of the sizes involved. It is also shown from the side inFigure 3. NOTE 1The pitch chosen will automatically govern the number of teeth on the knurling wheel, and this in turn will control the exact diameter of wheel. NOTE 2For those who wish

35、 to calculate the number of teeth on a wheel, where A is the diameter of the wheel and P is the pitch. NOTE 3The correct number of teeth in a helical tooth wheel, having a helix angle of30 , is given by multiplying the number calculated as in Note2 by0.866; thus the number of teeth ; where the resul

36、t is not a whole number, the diameter of the wheel should be increased by an amount which will accommodate (around the periphery) the next higher integer. 2.3.2 Tooth shape. The tooth shape (Figure 3), for all sizes and pitches, shall be such that the sides of adjacent teeth are straight and subtend

37、 on angle between90 and100 . In the case of wheels having spiral teeth, the above tooth shape shall apply to a section normal to the spiral (helix angle). NOTEThe straight side applies in the case of teeth produced by the single cutter method. When the hobbing process is used, the sides are produced

38、 in the involute form. In the latter condition, however, the angle will approximate to that subtended by the straight side teeth (seeFigure 3). 2.3.3 Chamfers. There shall be a chamfer of45 at the ends of the bore, having a depth of between0.25mm and0.6mm. At the option of the purchaser, a chamfer o

39、f similar dimensions may be provided at the junctions of the outside surface and the sides of the wheel (seeFigure 2). 2.4 Tolerances The dimensions of each feature of knurling wheels shall conform to the limits of tolerance as itemized below. 2.4.1 Bore. The diameter of the bore (C,Figure 2) shall

40、conform to the tolerance zone H6, BS4500-1.2:1990 3) , as shown below. The bore shall have a fine ground or lapped finish. 2.4.2 Width. The overall width (B, Figure 2) shall not exceed the following limits of tolerance: + 0.00 mm 0.08 mm 2.4.3 Sides. Both sides of the wheel shall have a ground finis

41、h and shall be square with the bore within a total indicator reading of0.025mm. 2.4.4 Teeth. The crests and roots of teeth, of a pitch up to0.8mm, shall have a maximum radius of0.075mm, and for teeth of larger pitch the maximum radius shall be0.150mm. 2.5 Marking The following shall be permanently m

42、arked on one side of each wheel: 1) Pitch 2) Manufacturers name or symbol and the reverse side shall be marked with an annular ring in the case of knurling wheels made from high speed steel. In the case of knurling wheels made from En31 or equivalent, the reverse side shall be left blank. the number

43、 A P - =A 1.1547P - = Nominal bore diameter Limits of tolerance mm mm 1 to 3 + 0.013 0.000 over 3 to 6 + 0.015 0.000 3) BS 4500, “ISO limits and fits. Part1: General tolerances and deviations Section1.2:1990 Tables of commonly used tolerances and grades and limits deviations for holes and shafts”.BS

44、1759:1969 BSI 07-1999 3 Table 1 Knurling wheel dimensions and associated pitches Table 2 Recommended component diameters for given wheel sizes All dimensions are in millimetres 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nominal diameter A (see Figure 2) Width B (seeFigure 2) Bore C (seeFigure 2) Standard pitches 8 3 3 0.4 0.5 0

45、.6 10 4 4 0.4 0.6 0.8 12 5 5 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 16 8 6 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.5 20 8 6 0.8 1.0 1.5 20 10 6 0.8 1.0 1.5 All dimensions are in millimetres Nominal wheel size Recommended component diameter range 8 up to 7 10 3 to 12 12 6 to 25 16 10 to 50 20 over 16 a a This size knurling wheel is often used for “

46、jobbing” and on this basis it is possible to knurl any size of component desired. Figure 1 Standard pitchesBS1759:1969 4 BSI 07-1999 Figure 2 Section through a knurling wheel Figure 3 Typical tooth shapeBS1759:1969 BSI 07-1999 5 Straight Right hand helix Left hand helix Diamond Figure 4 Forms of knu

47、rling wheels covered by this British Standard (see 1.2.1) NOTEThese forms are normally produced to special order. They are covered only by the material and hardness requirementsofthis British Standard. Figure 5 Special forms of knurling wheelsBS1759:1969 6 BSI 07-1999 Appendix A Forms of knurling wh

48、eels Various forms of knurling wheels are shown inFigure 4 andFigure 5. The general forms of knurling wheels which this British Standard covers are those having straight helical or diamond teeth (seeFigure 4) and, with these, the majority of knurling operations may be performed. In certain instances

49、, however, designers require a knurling operation to be carried out on components of such a form that wheels subject to all the provisions of this British Standard, cannot be used. In such cases wheels of special form are necessary and examples of these are shown inFigure 5. It is, however, recommended that these special wheels conform to the material and hardness requirements given in2.1 and2.2 respectively. Appendix B Guide to knurling operations Knurling operations are usually carried