BS 185-2-1969 Glossary of aeronautical and astronautical terms - Motion of aircraft《航空和航天术语词汇 第2节 飞行器的飞行动作》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD OBSOLESCENT MARCH 1987 BS 185-2:1969 Incorporating Amendment No.1 Glossary of Aeronautical and astronautical terms Section 2: Motion of aircraft UDC 001.4:629.7BS185-2:1969 This British Standard, having been approved by the Aerospace Industry Standards Committee, was published under

2、 the authorityof the Executive Boardof the Institution on 31July1969 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/1 Draft for comment 67/17817 ISBN 580 05960 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a cont

3、ract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to3 and a back cover. Th

4、is standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 1801 September 1975 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS185-2:19

5、69 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Section 2. Motion of aircraft 1 Subsection 21. General 1 Subsection 22. Motion in flight 2 Subsection 23. Motion on the Earths surface 3ii blankBS185-2:1969 BSI 11-1999 1 (Notes on the arrangement and scope of the glossary are contained in the Foreword to Section1.) Se

6、ction 2. Motion of aircraft Subsection 21. General No. Term Definition 2101 air launch The act of launching an object from a vehicle in flight. 2102 attitude The orientation of an aircraft relative to a datum line in a datum plane, usually, but not necessarily, horizontal. 2103 flight path The path

7、of the centre of gravity of an aircraft relative to the Earth. 2104 gliding angle The angle between the flight path in a glide in still air and the horizontal. 2105 ground launch The act of launching an object from the Earths surface. 2106 heave Motion of an aircraft, relative to the ambient undistu

8、rbed air, which has a component of velocity along the normal axis. 2107 JATO Abbreviation for “jet-assisted take-off”. 2108 jet-borne flight Flight in which the aircraft is supported primarily by vertical thrust. 2109 nose heaviness The tendency of an aircraft to pitch nose down in flight. 2110 pitc

9、hing Angular motion about the transverse axis. 2111 RATO Abbreviation for “rocket-assisted take-off”. 2112 rolling Angular motion about the longitudinal axis. 2113 side-slipping Motion of an aircraft, relative to the ambient undisturbed air, which has a component of velocity along the transverse axi

10、s. 2114 snaking A yawing oscillation, the amplitude of which remains approximately constant. 2115 tail heaviness The tendency of an aircraft to pitch nose up in flight. 2116 tail slide Rearward motion of an aircraft along its longitudinal axis from a vertical, or near vertical, stalled attitude. 211

11、7 V/STOL operations Abbreviations as given below are used for the various modes of take-off (TO) and landing (L) ofV/STOL aircraft: C for conventional. The required lift is derived from forward speed alone. S for short. The ground run is reduced substantially by powered lift or other means. V for ve

12、rtical. Powered lift alone is used with no intentional ground run. RV for rolling. Essentially vertical but with a slow forward speed to avoid ingestion of hot gases or debris. These letters are placed at the beginning with TO and/or L added thus: VTOL STOL CTOL RVTOL VTO STO CTO RVTO VL SL CL RVL 2

13、118 yawing Angular motion about the normal axis.BS185-2:1969 2 BSI 11-1999 Subsection 22. Motion in flight No. Term Definition 2201 aerobatics Manoeuvres intentionally performed with aircraft, other than those required for normal flight. (Cf.2214.) 2202 bank, to To cause the transverse axis of an ai

14、rcraft to take up an angle to the horizontal. 2203 bunt A manoeuvre in which an aircraft performs part of an inverted loop. 2204 conversion Of a V/STOL aircraft. The act of making any necessary adjustments to effect transition. 2205 dive A steep descent, with or without power. 2206 terminal nose-div

15、e A dive during which an aircraft reaches its terminal velocity. 2207 flare-out FLATTENING-OUT ROUNDING-OUT The change in flight path between the approach and the landing. 2208 float, to To travel horizontally after flare-out and before landing. 2209 glide A gradual descent with little or no thrust.

16、 2210 spiral glide A banked continuous gliding turn. 2211 hover, to Of a heavier-than-air aircraft. To remain approximately stationary in relation to the ground or to the air mass. Sometimes called position hover when related to the ground. 2212 loop A closed flight path of an aeroplane in a vertica

17、l plane. Normally the dorsal surfaces remain on the inside of the curved flight path. 2213 inverted loop A loop in which the dorsal surfaces remain on the outside of the curved flight path. 2214 normal flight All flight regimes necessary for travel from point to point,i.e.taking-off, climbing, strai

18、ght and level flight, descending, turning, side-slipping and landing. (Cf.2201.) 2215 overshoot, to 1. To land beyond the intended area (Cf.2230.) 2. To break off a final approach. 2216 pull-out Recovery from a dive. 2217 recovery The process of returning to substantially straight and level flight f

19、rom a manoeuvre. 2218 roll A partial or complete rotation of an aircraft about its longitudinal axis. 2219 Dutch roll A lateral oscillation of an aircraft, particularly one in which the ratio of the rolling to yawing motion is appreciable. 2220 flick-roll A rapidly executed roll in which autorotatio

20、n of the wing may be used to speed up the manoeuvre. 2221 spin A continuous, spiral descent in which the mean angle of incidence exceeds the angle of stall. 2222 flat spin A spin at a large mean angle of incidence, with the longitudinal axis more nearly horizontal than vertical. 2223 inverted spin A

21、 spin in which the aircraft is inverted and the wing incidence exceeds the negative stalling incidence. 2224 oscillatory spin A spin in which sustained oscillations are present, the most marked being in roll and pitch,e.g.the rate of roll changes from zero to a high value and back again in each cycl

22、e. 2225 stall, to 1. To bring an aircraft into the flight condition in which the wings are stalled. (Cf.4160.) 2. To have reached such a condition.BS185-2:1969 BSI 11-1999 3 Subsection 23. Motion on the earths surface 2226 stalling The act of flying an aircraft to the speed at which it stalls. 2227

23、transition 1. Of a V/STOL aircraft. Passage from hovering to flight in which the aircraft is mainly supported by the aerodynamic lift derived from forward motion, or vice versa. 2. Of a supersonic aircraft. Passage from subsonic to supersonic flight or vice versa. 2228 translation Of a V/STOL aircra

24、ft. Horizontal movement in any direction when in hovering flight. 2229 trim, to To set the flying controls so that an aircraft will maintain a steady flight condition with no load on the control column or rudder pedals. 2230 undershoot, to To land, or to follow an approach path which would cause an

25、aircraft to land, short of the intended area. (Cf.2215.) 2230A VIFF Abbreviation for “vectoring in forward flight”. 2231 zooming Utilizing kinetic energy to gain height. 2301 aquaplaning HYDROPLANING Of a tyred wheel. A form of skid at high forward speed on a wet surface, caused by the tyre being co

26、mpletely supported on a thin film of water. 2302 aquaplaning limit HYDROPLANING LIMIT The critical forward speed, for a particular set of conditions, below which aquaplaning will not occur. 2303 blister A curved sheet of water raised by the motion of a seaplane float or hull and separated from the s

27、urface by an air space. 2304 ditch, to Of a landplane. To land on water in an emergency. 2305 ground looping An uncontrollable violent turn of an aircraft while taxiing, landing or taking-off. 2306 hump speed The speed over water at which a vehicle experiences peak drag due to wave formation. 2307 l

28、and, to ALIGHT, TO To return to the Earths surface under control. 2308 landing run GROUND ROLL The distance travelled in contact with the Earth during landing. 2309 porpoising Undulatory movement of a seaplane or amphibian during forward motion on water, caused by instability. 2310 swing Involuntary

29、 deviation of an aircraft from a straight course while taxiing, landing or taking-off. 2311 take-off point The point on the runway or channel at which the pilot opens the throttle with a view to taking-off. 2312 take-off run GROUND ROLL The distance travelled in contact with the Earth during taking-

30、off. 2313 take-off, to To leave the Earths surface under control. 2314 taxiing Movement of an aircraft under its own power in contact with the Earth, other than when taking-off or landing. 2315 time to take-off The duration of taking-off. 2316 touch-down, to An aircraft touches down when it makes co

31、ntact with the Earth and ceases to be fully airborne. 2317 turning radius The radius of the specified minimum circle within which all the wheels will remain while the aircraft makes a complete turn on the ground. No. Term DefinitionBS 185-2:1969 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishSta

32、ndardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions BritishStandards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of BritishStan

33、dards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this BritishStandard would inform the Secretary of the technica

34、l committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel:02089969000. Fax:02089967400. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for al

35、l BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel:02089969001. Fax:02089967001. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as BritishStandards, unless other

36、wise requested. Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products a

37、nd services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel:02089967111. Fax:02089967048. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. T

38、el:02089967002. Fax:02089967001. Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored

39、in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade

40、designations. If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained. If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager. Tel:02089967070.