1、BRITISH STANDARD OBSOLESCENT MARCH 1987 BS 185-5:1969 Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2 and 3 Glossary of Aeronautical and astronautical terms Section 5: Heavier-than-air aircraft (aerodynes) UDC 001.4:629.734/.735:533.65BS185-5:1969 This British Standard, having been approved by the AerospaceIndust
2、ry Standards Committee, was published underthe authority of the Executive Board of the Institutionon 31 July 1969 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/1 Draft for comment 67/25607 ISBN 580 05930 8 A British Standard does not purport to
3、 include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover,
4、pages i and ii, pages 1 to 17 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 557 August 1970 1
5、034 November 1972 1534 August 1974 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS185-5:1969 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Section 5. Heavier-than-air aircraft (aerodynes) 1 Subsection 51. Complete aircraft 1 Subsection 52. Shape and disposition of surfaces 2 Subsection 53-54. Component parts 5 Subsection 55.
6、 Instruments 10 Subsection 56. Loadings and weights 13 Subsection 57. Rotorcraft 15ii blankBS185-5:1969 BSI 12-1999 1 (Notes on the arrangement and scope of the glossary are contained in the Foreword to Section 1.) Section 5. Heavier-than-air aircraft (aerodynes) Subsection 51. Complete aircraft No.
7、 Term Definition 5101 aeroplane See 1204. 5102 canard aeroplane An aeroplane with the surfaces providing the requisite longitudinal stability and control in front of the main plane. 5103 landplane See 1208. 5104 skiplane A landplane provided with skis as a means of support on snow-covered or ice-cov
8、ered terrain. 5105 pusher aeroplane An aeroplane fitted with pusher propellers. 5106 seaplane See 1209. 5107 float seaplane See 1210. 5108 flying boat BOAT SEAPLANE See 1211. 5109 tractor aeroplane An aeroplane fitted with tractor propellers. 5110 amphibian See 1205. 5111 coleopter An aircraft havin
9、g an annular wing, with the engine, and body mounted within the annulus, and designed to take-off and land with its wing axis vertical. 5112 convertiplane An aeroplane capable, by a mechanical conversion in the air, of landing and taking-off vertically. 5113 glider See 1212. 5114 sailplane A glider
10、designed to utilize only atmospheric currents for sustained free flight. 5115 towed glider A glider which relies on towing for sustained flight. 5116 kite See 1213. 5117 mixed-power-plant aircraft An aircraft whose power plant embodies more than one type of engine, each being usually appropriate to
11、a particular flight regime. 5118 monoplane An aeroplane or glider with one pair of wings. (See note under5123.) 5119 high-wing monoplane A monoplane in which the wings are located at or near (shoulder-wing) the top of the fuselage. 5120 low-wing monoplane A monoplane in which the wings are located a
12、t or near the bottom of the fuselage. 5121 mid-wing monoplane A monoplane in which the wings are located approximately midway between the top and bottom of the fuselage. 5122 parasol monoplane A monoplane in which the wings are united in a separate structure above the fuselage. 5123 multiplane An ae
13、roplane or glider with two or more sets of wings usually one above another, e.g.biplane or triplane. NOTEMonoplane, biplane, triplane and multiplane are also used as adjectives associated with a particular component, e.g.biplane rudder, triplane tail, etc. 5124 ornithopter See 1214. 5125 rotorcraft
14、See 1215. 5126 compound rotorcraft An aircraft utilizing in flight features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft.BS185-5:1969 2 BSI 12-1999 Subsection 52. Shape and disposition of surfaces No. Term Definition 5127 cyclogyro PADDLE-PLANE See 1216. 5128 gyroplane See 1217. 5129 helicopter See 1218. 5130 s
15、esquiplane A biplane in which one pair of wings is of substantially less span than the other pair. 5131 STOL aircraft A heavier-than-air aircraft designed to take-off and land with a short ground run, either by the provision of powered lift or by the use of special aerodynamic devices. 5132 tailless
16、 aircraft FLYING WING An aircraft with its longitudinal control surfaces incorporated in the main plane. 5133 variable-sweep aircraft SWING-WING AIRCRAFT An aircraft in which the sweep of the main plane can be varied in flight. 5134 VTOL aircraft A heavier-than-air aircraft provided with powered lif
17、t, which can take-off and land along a substantially vertical path. 5135 V/STOL aircraft A VTOL aircraft which can also take-off and land with a short ground run, particularly when operating at an increased weight. 5201 aerofoil A body so shaped as to produce aerodynamic reaction normal to the direc
18、tion of its motion through the air without excessive drag. 5202 annular aerofoil An aerofoil generated by the rotation of its section about an axis substantially parallel to its chord and thus having an annular cross section normal to that axis. 5203 slotted aerofoil An aerofoil having one or more a
19、ir passages (or slots) connecting its two surfaces to delay separation (4479) and consequent stall. 5204 slat An auxiliary, cambered aerofoil positioned forward of the main aerofoil so as to form a slot. 5205 aerofoil section The shape of the boundary of a section of an aerofoil in a plane parallel
20、to its plane of symmetry. 5206 aileron droop The simultaneous downward or positive deflection of the ailerons on both sides of an aeroplane or glider. 5207 aileron up-float The simultaneous upward or negative deflection of the ailerons on both sides of an aeroplane or glider. angles 5208 control sur
21、face angle The angle between the chord of the control surface and the chord of the corresponding fixed surface (e.g.aileron angle, elevator angle, elevon angle, rudder angle). 5209 dcalage The angle between the chord of the upper plane of a biplane and that of the lower plane in a section parallel t
22、o the plane of symmetry. 5210 dihedral The angle at which, in an aeroplane or glider, the port and starboard parts of the main plane or tailplane are inclined upwards to the transverse plane of reference. If the inclination is downwards the angle is termed anhedral or negative dihedral. 5211 sweep (
23、back or forward) The angle in plan between a specified spanwise line along an aerofoil and the normal to the plane of symmetry. For an aerofoil as a whole, the quarter-chord line is preferred, but any other specified line, such as the leading or trailing edge, may be taken for a particular purpose.B
24、S185-5:1969 BSI 12-1999 3 No. Term Definition 5212 tail-setting angle The angle between the root chord of the main supporting surface and the chord of the tailplane. 5213 wash-in Increase in angle of incidence towards the tip of a wing or other aerofoil. 5214 wash-out Decrease in angle of incidence
25、towards the tip of a wing or other aerofoil. areas 5215 gross wing area 1. The area of the surface bounded by the two wing tips and the leading and trailing edges continued to intersect in the plane of symmetry. 2. The area of the surface bounded by the two wing tips, the leading and trailing edges
26、and by straight lines joining their intersections (ignoring fillets) with the fuselage and wing nacelles. 5216 net wing area The gross wing area less the part covered by the fuselage. 5217 aspect ratio The ratio of the square of the span to the gross area of an aerofoil. 5218 camber 1. Curvature of
27、the median line of an aerofoil section; more generally, the curvature of a surface. 2. The ratio of the maximum height of the median line above the chord to the chord length. 5219 conical camber The camber of an aerofoil having a surface derived from a cone (not necessarily right circular) with its
28、apex lying in the plane of symmetry of the aircraft. 5220 chord The straight line through the centres of curvature at the leading and trailing edges of an aerofoil section. 5221 aerodynamic mean chord A chord of length defined by: SECOND MEAN CHORD where c = chord length at distance y from the plane
29、 of symmetry b = span S = gross wing area. 5222 chord length The length of that part of the chord which is intercepted by the aerofoil section boundary. 5223 chord position The position of the chord as defined by the co-ordinates (x, y, z) of its quarter-chord point referred to body axes and its inc
30、lination ( ) to the x-y plane. 5224 quarter-chord line The line through the quarter-chord points of an aerofoil. 5225 quarter-chord point The point on the chord of an aerofoil section at one quarter of the chord length behind the leading edge. 5226 standard mean chord FIRST MEAN CHORD A chord of len
31、gth equal to the gross wing area divided by the span. 5227 gap Of a multiplane. The distance between the leading edge of a plane and of the one below it, measured parallel to the normal body axis. 5228 geometric twist Variation, along the span of a wing or other aerofoil, of the angle between the ch
32、ord and a fixed datum. (Cf. 4102.) 5229 leading edge 1. The forward edge of an aerofoil or other body moving through the air. 2. The forward portion of the structure of an aerofoil.BS185-5:1969 4 BSI 12-1999 No. Term Definition 5230 supersonic leading edge A leading edge designed for flight at super
33、sonic speed, its sweep being greater than the complement of the Mach angle. The component of the stream velocity normal to the leading edge is therefore sonic. 5231 median line CENTRE LINE CAMBER LINE Of an aerofoil. A line, each point of which is equidistant from the upper and lower boundaries of t
34、he aerofoil section, the distances being measured normal to the chord. 5232 ogive 1. The outline of a Gothic arch. 2. The solid of revolution produced by rotating such an outline about its centre-line. 5233 tangent ogive An ogive whose tangent at its base is parallel to its centre-line. 5234 overhan
35、g 1. The extent to which the tip of one of two superimposed planes projects beyond the tip of the other. 2. The distance from the outer point of support to the tip of a plane. 5235 rigging The relative adjustment or alignment of the different components of an aircraft. 5236 rigging angle of incidenc
36、e The angle between the chord of the main plane or tailplane and the horizontal when the aeroplane is in the rigging position. NOTENot to be confused with aerodynamic angle of incidence, 4104. 5237 rigging position The attitude in which, with the lateral axis horizontal, an arbitrary longitudinal da
37、tum line is also horizontal. 5238 span 1. Of an aeroplane. The distance between the wingtips. 2. Of an aerofoil. The length along a specified line. 5239 stagger Of a multiplane. The distance between the leading edge of a plane and of the one below it, measured parallel to the longitudinal body axis.
38、 5240 thickness/chord ratio THICKNESS RATIO The ratio of the maximum thickness of an aerofoil section, measured perpendicular to the chord, to the chord length. 5241 trailing edge 1. The rear edge of an aerofoil or other body moving through the air. 2. The rearward portion of the structure of an aer
39、ofoil. wings 5241A waverider A lifting body, designed for flight at supersonic or hypersonic speeds, which relies essentially on a shockwave, or system of shockwaves, beneath its lower surface for producing its lift force. 5242 aero-isoclinic wing A wing designed to maintain the same angle of incide
40、nce when deformed under aerodynamic loads. 5243 channel-wing A wing formed, in the way of the propeller, into an open semi-circular channel through which the slipstream from a propeller passes. 5244 delta wing A wing of triangular planform. 5245 gull wing A wing whose inboard section has pronounced
41、dihedral and whose outboard section has either anhedral or markedly less dihedral. 5246 M-wing A wing whose inboard section is swept forward and whose outboard section is swept back, thus forming roughly an M in plan view. 5247 tapered wing A wing in which there is progressive decrease in chord leng
42、th from root to tip. 5248 W-wing A wing whose inboard section is swept back and whose outboard section is swept forward, thus forming roughly a W in plan view.BS185-5:1969 BSI 12-1999 5 Subsection 53-54. Component parts No. Term Definition A. General 5301 airframe A power-driven heavier-than-air air
43、craft without its engine(s). 5302 control lock GUST LOCK A mechanical device designed to safeguard, by a positive lock, the control surfaces and flying control system against damage in high winds or gusts when the aircraft is parked. 5303 doping Treatment of a fabric surface to tauten, strengthen or
44、 render it air-tight. 5304 fence A projection from the surface of the wing and extending chordwise to modify the wing surface pressure distribution. 5305 fin VERTICAL STABILIZER A fixed or movable vertical surface designed to provide directional stability. A fin projecting from the upper or lower su
45、rface of the body is referred to as dorsal or ventral respectively. 5306 plane See aerofoil, 5201. 5307 main plane The main supporting surface of an aircraft, usually divided into port and starboard wings. 5308 noseplane FORE PLANE HORIZONTAL STABILIZER An aerofoil fixed, movable or adjustable in fl
46、ight, located forward of the main plane, contributing to longitudinal control and/or stability. 5309 stub plane A short length of plane projecting from the fuselage or hull (usually forming a part thereof) to which an aerofoil can be connected. 5310 tailplane HORIZONTAL STABILIZER An aerofoil fixed,
47、 movable or adjustable in flight, located aft of the main plane, contributing to longitudinal control and/or stability. 5311 all moving tail FLYING TAIL SLAB TAIL A tailplane such that the movement of the whole surface is used for longitudinal control. 5311A stabilizer Any aerofoil, fixed, movable o
48、r adjustable in flight, contributing to control and/or stability. (See 5305, 5308 and 5310.) 5312 supporting surfaces Surfaces, the primary function of which is to provide lift for an aircraft. 5313 tail unit EMPENNAGE The combination of stabilizing and controlling surfaces situated at the rear of a
49、n aircraft. 5314 wing A main supporting surface of an aircraft. This may be divided into inner, outer and wing-tip sections. (See 5307.) 5315 centre section The middle or central section of a wing, to which the outer wing panels are attached. Where a wing has no clearly defined central section, the centre section is considered to lie between points of attachment of the wing to the fuselage or fuselage struts. B. Flight controls NOTEThe term “lever” should be used in association with the part to which it is attached (e.g.aileron lever and aileron control column lever). 5316 ae
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