BS 1902-3 19-1996 Methods of testing refractory materials - General and textural properties - Measurement of dimensions and external defects of refractory bricks - Dimensions and c.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1902-3.19: 1996 ISO 12678-1: 1996 Methods of testing Refractory materials Part 3: General and textural properties Section 3.19 Measurement of dimensions and external defects of refractory bricks Dimensions and conformity to drawings ICS 81.080BS1902-3.19:1996 This British Standar

2、d, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority ofthe Standards Boardand comesinto effect on 15November 1996 BSI 11-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPI/1/1 Draft

3、for comment 94/302683 DC ISBN 0 580 26486 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractory products and materials, to Subcommittee RPI/1/1, Sampling and physical testing of refractory materials, upon wh

4、ich the following bodies were represented: British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Industrial Ceramic Manufacturers Association British Metallurgical Plant Constructors Association British Steel Industry British Vermiculite Association Refractories Association of Great Britain Refrectory Contractors A

5、ssociation Society of Glass Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 1902-3.19:1996 BSI 11-1998 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Apparatus 1 4 Preparation of bricks for measurement 1 5 M

6、easurement of conformity to drawings 2 6 Measurement of dimensions 2 7 Measurement of taper differences and out-of-squareness 2 8 Measurement of warpage (convex and/or concave) 2 9 Test report 2 Figure 1 Two types of measuring wedge used for determining warpage 3 Figure 2 Measurement of brick dimens

7、ions and taper differences 4 Figure 3 Measurement of taper difference for bricks with significant length variations 5 Figure 4 Measurement of convex warpage 5 List of references Inside back coverBS1902-3.19:1996 ii BSI 11-1998 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee

8、 RPI/1/1. It is identical with ISO 12678-1:1996 Refractory products Measurement of dimensions and external defects of refractory bricks Part 1: Dimensions and conformity to drawings, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In 7.1.1 the actual value of the taper differe

9、nce is obtained by subtracting the smaller value from the larger value and dividing by the number of bricks in the stack. The Subcommittee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 5019-1:1984, ISO5019-2:1984, ISO 5019-3:1984, ISO 5019-5:1984 and ISO 5019-6:1984 to which normative reference is made in the

10、text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not o

11、f itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publications referred to Corresponding British Standard BS 3056: Sizes of refractory bricks ISO 5019-4:1988 Part 4:1985 Specification for bricks for electric arc furnace roofs (Identical) ISO 5417:1986 Part 3:1986 Specification for br

12、icks for rotary cement kilns (Technically equivalent) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This

13、 will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS 1902-3.19:1996 BSI 11-1998 1 1 Scope This part of ISO12678 describes apparatus and specifies simple methods for routine measurement of dimensions of refractory bricks. It also specifies methods for inspection of conformity to shap

14、e, determining concavity, convexity and out-of-squareness. It does not establish criteria for acceptance or rejection of bricks. The application of these methods is limited to standard shapes in accordance with ISO5019-1 to ISO5019-6 and ISO5417, unless otherwise agreed. 2 Normative references The f

15、ollowing standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO12678. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO12678 are encouraged t

16、o investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5019-1:1984, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part1: Rectangular bricks. ISO 5019-2:1984, Refractory bricks Dimen

17、sions Part2: Arch bricks. ISO 5019-3:1984, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part3: Rectangular checker bricks for regenerative furnaces. ISO 5019-4:1988, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part4: Dome bricks for electric arc furnace roofs. ISO 5019-5:1984, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part5: Skewbacks. ISO 50

18、19-6:1984, Refractory bricks Dimensions Part6: Basic bricks for oxygen steel-making converters. ISO 5417:1986, Refractory bricks for use in rotary kilns Dimensions. 3 Apparatus 3.1 General All instruments shall be calibrated or certified to within the accuracy of the measurements. The accuracy of th

19、e linear measuring device (3.2) shall be checked regularly against a length bar complying with national standards. 3.2 Linear measuring device (steel tape graduated in millimetres, calipers) in accordance with the tolerance agreed upon, and conforming to an accuracy of half the intended accuracy of

20、the measurement. NOTE 1Measurements made with a steel tape are accurate to1mm (0,5mm can be estimated), whereas caliper measurements are accurate to 0,1mm. Linear tolerances less than 1mm should be measured with calipers. 3.3 Steel straightedge, at least 5mm thick and of sufficient length to span th

21、e diagonal of the largest shape to be measured. 3.4 Two steel measuring wedges, which may be either: a) Type 1, at least 50mm in length and 10mm in thickness at one end, of uniform cross-section for a length of at least 10mm from that end and then tapering to zero thickness at the other end see,for

22、example, Figure 1a); or b) Type 2, up to 160mm in length with an even taper from 4mm to zero see,forexample,Figure1b). Each wedge shall be graduated and numbered along the slope to show the thickness of the wedge between the base and the slope, in increments of either 0,5mm (Type 1) or 0,1mm (Type 2

23、). The wedges shall be used, together with the steel straightedge, for the determination of warpage (see8). The wedges of Type 2 shall be used to measure small warpages or, together with the engineers square, for the determination of the out-of-squareness. 3.5 Surface table or plate, sufficiently la

24、rge to place the bricks being tested. The surface should be flat and smooth to within 0,1mm. 3.6 Steel engineers square, of appropriate size to measure the bricks. 3.7 Feeler gauges, to be used together with the steel engineers square for controlling right angles in conformity to drawings and out-of

25、-squareness. The gauges can be replaced by measuring wedges, of accuracy in accordance with 3.4. 4 Preparation of bricks for measurement The definition of edges and surfaces of bricks shall be improved, when necessary, by removing any projections such as fins, blisters and parting sand. This can be

26、achieved by lightly rubbing the bricks together, by scraping, sand-blasting or similar means.BS1902-3.19:1996 2 BSI 11-1998 5 Measurement of conformity to drawings Before the inspection begins, all the dimensions of one brick of each particular shape shall be compared with the nominal dimensions to

27、ensure that the correct shape is being inspected. 6 Measurement of dimensions 6.1 Measure linear dimensions by means of a linear measuring device (3.2) and, unless otherwise agreed upon, round the readings to the nearest 0,5mm in accordance with 6.2. In the case of rejection of a brick lot measured

28、by a steel tape, measurements may be repeated using calipers. This additional measurement may be limited to out-of-size bricks. 6.2 When measuring a dimension, take one reading along the approximate centrelines of the brick face (determined to within 10mm), selected randomly as shown in Figure 2a) a

29、nd Figure 2b). 7 Measurement of taper differences and out-of-squareness 7.1 Taper differences 7.1.1 Measure taper differences on columns of ten bricks, taking one reading along the approximate centreline of the rectangular brick faces. In the case of instability due to large tapers, the number of br

30、icks in a column may be reduced to five. In the case of significant length variations of the bricks which could influence the accuracy of the taper measurements, carry out stacking and measurement twice: once with the inside faces in line to measure the inside length, and once with the outside faces

31、 in line to measure the outside length, as shown in Figure 3a) and Figure 3b). 7.1.2 Taper measurements may also be determined on individual bricks. The taper is calculated by subtracting dimension d from dimension c, as shown in Figure 2b). 7.2 Out-of-squareness Measure out-of-squareness of individ

32、ual bricks by placing the brick on the surface table or plate (3.5) and determining, to the nearest 0,5mm, the greatest gap existing when each face in turn is offered up to the engineers square (3.6) using measuring wedges (3.4) or feeler gauges (3.7). 8 Measurement of warpage (convex and/or concave

33、) 8.1 For a concave surface, place the straightedge(3.3) on its edge across a diagonal of the surface being tested, insert a wedge (3.4) at the point of maximum warpage (ensuring that the reading is not affected by raised imperfections on the brick surface) and record the maximum obtainable reading,

34、 to the nearest 0,5 mm, at the point of contact between the wedge and the straightedge. 8.2 For a convex surface, insert a wedge at each end of the straightedge and perpendicular to it as shown in Figure 4. Adjust the wedges, to a position not more than 15 mm from the corner of the brick, so that eq

35、ual readings are obtained on each of them, making certain that contact is maintained by the straightedge at the point of maximum convexity. Record the readings to the nearest 0,5 mm. 8.3 The expression of results can be given as a ratio of warpage, w, in percent, according to the formula where 9 Tes

36、t report The test report shall include the following information: a) the name of the testing establishment; b) the place and date of the test; c) a reference to this part of ISO12678, i.e.“Determination of dimensions and conformity to drawing, in accordance with ISO12678-1”; d) the designation of th

37、e material tested (manufacturer, size and shape, quality); e) batch size and sample size (number of items); f) inspected properties; g) results of the inspection; h) name and signature of the inspector. l is the length, in millimetres, of the diagonal of the surface being tested; h is the reading, i

38、n millimetres, of the amount of warpage. w 100 h l - =BS 1902-3.19:1996 BSI 11-1998 3 Figure 1 Two types of measuring wedge used for determining warpageBS1902-3.19:1996 4 BSI 11-1998 Figure 2 Measurement of brick dimensions and taper differencesBS 1902-3.19:1996 BSI 11-1998 5 Figure 3 Measurement of

39、 taper difference for bricks with significant length variations Figure 4 Measurement of convex warpage6 blankBS1902-3.19:1996 BSI 11-1998 List of references See national foreword.BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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