1、BS 1902 : Section 3.3 : 1981 UDC 666.76.01 7: 620.1 68.32 Methods of testing Refractory materials Part 3. General and textural properties Section 3.3 Sieve analysis (methods 1 902-303) Mthodes dessais des matriaux rfractaires Partie 3. Caractristiques gnrales et de texture Section 3.3 Analyse par ta
2、misage (mthodes 1902-303) Prfmethoden fr feuerfestes Material Teil 3. Allgemeine und strukturelle Eigenschaften Abschnitt 3.2 Siebanalyse (Methoden 1 902-303) British Standards Institution BS 1902 : Section 3.3 : 1981 Contents Foreword Cooperating organizations Methods 1. Scope 2. References 3. Desi
3、gnation 4. Principle 5. Apparatus 6. Sample size Page Inside front cover Back cover Page 1 7. General outline of test procedure containing oil or tar 1 9. Test procedure for materials containing clay 10. Reporting of results 3 11. Test report 3 8. Preliminary extraction procedure for materials 2 Fig
4、ure 1. Apparatus for separation of the clay grade 2 Foreword This Section of this British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Committee. This Section supersedes section fifteen (Addendum No. 1 ) to BS 1902 : Part IA : 1966 which is now withdrawn. Briti
5、sh Standard Methods of testing Refractory materials Part 3. General and textural properties Section 3.3 Sieve analysis (methods 1902 - 303) - , Sampling. Section 3.0 shows the general arrangement of BS 1902 and lists the Sections of Part 3. _ _-_ _. therefore, it is desirable to adhere to this relat
6、ionship as closely as possible. In the British Standard series of sieves, the linear aperture of each sieve is approximately v2 times that of the next smaller sieve, Where a short range of apertures is required, therefpre, a regular series can be obtained by taking every SiEWe. Simiiarly, if a wide
7、range is required, a regular series (with a linear aperture ratio of 4:l) can be obtained by taking every second sieve. 5.2 If the procedure described in clause 8 is performed, the following additional apparatus is required. -1. scope This Section describes the procedures used in the sieve analysis
8、of refractow samples. This analysis is carried out to determine the particle size distribution of granular materials, which is a major factor determining their packing density. 2. References The titles of the standards publications referred to in this Section of this British Standard are listed on t
9、he inside back cover. 3. Designation The methods specified in this Section may be referred to by the following designations: The general procedure specified in BS 812 : Part 1 The preliminary extraction of oil or tar (clause 8) Method 1902-30312 Method 1902-30311 5.2.1 Soxhit apparatus. 5.2.2 Electr
10、ic hotplate or heating mantle. 6.2.3 Muffle furnace. 6. Sample size 6.1 The size of the sample required depends on the maximum size of grain present in substantial proportions. A guide to the sample weights required is given in BS 812 : Part 1. 6.2 When large samples are involved, the use of 300 mm
11、diameter sieves is recommended. Alternatively, the sample may be divided and sieved in several operations. 7. General outline of test procedure The test procedure shall be that described in BS 812 : Part 1, with the following additional treatments: (a) for materials containing oil or tar, the prelim
12、inary extraction procedure described in clause 8; (bl for material that contains clay, but is free from hydratable materials, the recommended procedures described in clause 9. Determination of the clay grade by the method describedh BS 812 : Part 1 Method 1902-30313 Determination of the clay grade b
13、y the method described in clause 9 Method 190?303/4 Separation of the clay grade without determination of the clay content (9.9) Method 1902-30315 4. Principle The analysis is carried out by passing the material through a series of sieves of progressively decreasing aperture, so that .it isdivided i
14、nto fractions that are defined by the apertures of the sieves used. 5. Apparatus 6.1 The following apparatus .Is required. 6.1.1 Test sieves, complying with the requirements of BS 410. NOTE. Refractory materials vary io widely in their gradin5 that It iultable for all materials. Ideally, the ratio b
15、etween the apertures of ruccersive sieves in a series should be constant. This relationship Is .particularly important If the percentage retained on each sieve is to be reported, and possibly illustrated graphically, rince the fraction retained on any deve will deqqnd on the difference in aperture b
16、etween it and the precedlnd sieve. In selecting a series of sieves, % ir not posslble to recommend any one series of sieves that wlll be 8. Preliminary extraction procedure for materials containing oil or tar . 8.1 Warm the sample in an evaporating dish and break it .down with a spatula, taking care
17、 not to crush any of the grains. Place the sample in filter thimbles in one or more Soxhlets. 8.2 Carry out the extraction with boiling toluene, an electric hotplate or a heating mantle being used as a means of heating. The extraction is complete when the toluene shhoned over is colourless. NOTE. To
18、luene has a moderate toxicity when inhaled or taken .orally. However, commercial grades are frequently contaminated -with small amounts of benzene,a carcinogenic substance. It is therefore recommended that toluene in accordance with ES 805 is used. Grades 1,2 or 3 (see ES 805) may be used. The usual
19、 precautions with regard to the flammability hazards or jorganicsolvents and vapoun should also be observed. Protective *clothing and goggles should be provided, and the working area maintained at a concentration of less than 200 p.p.m. toluene:- 8.3 Dry the thimbles and contents in air and then tra
20、nsfer them E basins to a muffle furnace, Heat the furnace to 1000 C and maintain it at this temperature for a period of about 4 h. _ - BSI BSX1702 PT3 SECx3.3 81 m 1624669 0056080 7 m BS 1902 : Section 3.3 : 1981 9. Test procedure for materials containing clay NOTE. A procedure for the determination
21、 of clay, fine silt and fine dust in fine or coarse aggregate is described in BS 812 : Part 1. The simplified procedure* described in 9.1 to 9.8 may be suitable for the type of material encountered in the refractories industry. Where separate determination of the clay content is not required, the sa
22、mple is treated as described in 9.9. 9.1 First dry the sample to constant massat 100 “C to 105 OC and determine its mass, then boil it gently in a porcelain basin with 750 ml of distilled or demineralized water to which has been added 5 ml of ammonia (d = 0.88). There is less risk of bumping if the
23、water is heated to boiling point before the sample is added. 9.2 Most samples form too great a depth of deposit during sedimentation (see 9.3) and need to be reduced in bulk at this stage in a preliminary sieving operation. Therefore, after boiling with ammonia, transfer the sample to a sieve to sep
24、arate most of the solid material from the clay suspension. This sieue shall be chosen so that the height of the material that settles out in the cylindrical sedimentation jar does not exceed 1 O mm. Set the residue on this sieve aside until the sedimentation has been carried outt. Treat the suspensi
25、on passing through this sieve as described in 9.3. 9.3 Cool the suspension and transfer it to a cylindrical glass sedimentation jar, about 200 mm deep and from 100 mm to 125 mm in internal diameter, suitably marked to indicate 25 mm and 150 mm depths of liquid. - A suitable apparatus is illustrated
26、in figure 1. Adjust the depth of immersion of the siphon tube so that it removes the liquid down to the 25 mm level. Add water to raise the level to the 150 mm mark and stir.the suspension- thoroughly. Allow the sample to settle for 10 min and remove the water, with the material still remaining in s
27、uspension, by means of the siphon tube. NOTE 1. It is essential that the top of the settled deposit should be below this level and that stirring is stopped in such a way that the material settles to form an approximately flat bed, avoiding the formation of a cone. NOTE 2. The presence of an apprecia
28、ble amount of clay in suspension raises the viscosity of water and consequently reduces the rate of settling of solid particles in it. If only 5 min settling time was allowed for the first sedimentation, some particles which in clear water would have passed the 25 mm level would still be above that
29、level and would be removed. The preliminary sedimentations with a settling time of 10 min should therefore always be included when testing materials containing an appreciable amount of clay. 9.4 Again add water to raise the level to the 150 mm mark, stir, allow the suspension to settle for 10 min, a
30、nd again remove the upper 125 mm of liquid using the siphon. 9.5 Repeat the procedure described in 9.4 a number of times, but with the settling time reduced to 5 min, until the upper 125 mm of water is clear at the end of the 5 min period; Finally, again remove the upper 125 mm of water using the si
31、phon. NOTE 1. The settling time of 5 min is the time required for a spherical particle of diameter 0.02 mm and density 2.65 g/cm3 to settle 150 mm in water at 15C. Since the viscosity of water decreases with increasing temperature, a particle settles more rapidly in warm than in cold water. For accu
32、rate work, therefore, water at 15 OC should be used. NOTE 2. It should be noted, however, that the determination of the clay fraction by reference to the settling time of particles is somewhat arbitrary, first since spherical particles are assumed, and secondly since the apparent clay fraction will
33、include any material, other than clay, present in the form of particles of such density and size that their rate of settling is less than that of a spherical particle 0.02 mm in diameter and 2.65 g/cm3 in density (they will be siphoned off with the particles of clay). In theory, the maximum size of
34、such particles erroneously determined as clay will be smaller than 0.02 mm if their density is greater than 2.65 g/cm3, or larger than 0.02 mm if their density is less than 2.65 g/cm3. 9.6 Return the sample and water to the porcelain basin and allow it to stand for 2 min, after which pour off as muc
35、h as possible of the water without loss of granular material. Combine the residue with the residue retained on the primary sieve and dry it to constant mass at 100 “C. 9.7 The difference from the original sample mass is the amount of clay grade; report this as a percentage of the original dry mass o
36、f the sample. In addition to clay, the clay grade will also include fine quartz and other minerals and any substances soluble in water. 9.8 The combined residue shall then be treated bithe sieving procedure described in BS 81 2 : Part 1. 9.9 In the case of samples from which clay is to be removed wi
37、thgut any determination of the clay content, boil the sample in water to which ammonia has been added, as described in 9.1. Following this treatment, transfer the whole of the sample to the finest sieve to be used, wash the residue on the sieve and dry and weigh the portion retained. This residue sh
38、all then be sieved as described in BS 81 2 : Part 1. 200 approx JI - _ . :.:.:.:.a. : :. . ,. ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -i00-125 4 6% All dimensions are in millimetres. Figure 1. Apparatus for separation of the clay grade *As described in Third Report of the Joint Committee onSand Testing (In
39、stitute of British Foundrymen, 1966). tFor accurate determinations, the residue may be washed on the sieve and the washings (which should not exceed 200 ml in volume) added to the suspension. 2 IO. Reporting of results 10.1 The particle size distribution shall be reported as either: (al if, for exam
40、ple, 10.4 % of the sample passes a 150 pm sieve and is retained on a 105 pm sieve, as (bJ as a cumulative grading, in which all the sample that does not pass a particular sieve is reported as a percentage against the sieve number. When this procedure is adopted, the fact should be clearly stated. NO
41、TE. An advantage of this method of reporting is that the shape of the graphical plot of cumulative percentage against aperture size is unaffected by irregularities in the series of sieves used. 10.2 When the clay fraction has been determined, report the material passing the finest sieve used after t
42、he removal of the clay as - 150 pm t 105 pm, 10.4 %;or -63 pm t 20 pm. BS 1902 : Section 3.3 : 1981 11. Test report The test report shall include the following information: (a) the testing establishment; (b) the date of test; (cl a reference to this method of test, e.g. particle size distribution de
43、termined by method BS 1902-303/1 (see clause 3); (d) the designation of the material tested (manufacturer, type, batch number, etc.); (e) if applicable, the number of test pieces per item (.e. per brick); (fJ the mass of each sample; (9) the particle size distribution (see 10.1); (h) if applicable,
44、the clay fraction (see 10.2); 3 -_ - L Standards publications referred to -_ - - BS _ 135,458,805 _ Specifications for benzene, xylenes and toluenes BS 410 BS 812 - Specification for test sieves Methods for sampling and testing of mineral aggregates, sands and fillers Part 1 Sampling, size, shape an
45、d classification For information about BSI services relating to third party certification to suitable British Standard product specifications, schemes for the registration of firms of assessed capability, testing and inspection facilities and Technical Help to Exporters, please contact the Director,
46、 BSI, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4SQ.Tel. Hemel Hempstead 31 1 1. ES1 BS*l02 PT3 SEC*3.3 Al W lb24bb 0056083 4 W Amd. No. ! I This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Exec
47、utive Board and comes into effect on 29 May 1981. O British Standards Institution, 1981 ISBNO58011712X British Standards Institution Incorporated by Royal Charter, BSI is the independent national body for the preparation of British Standards. It is the UK member of the International Organization for
48、 Standardization and UK sponsor of the British National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Copyright Users of British Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all BSI publications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permissio
49、n in writing 6f BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols and size, type or Date of issue Text affected BS 1902 : Section 3.3 : 1981 grade designations. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publications Manager, 101 Pentonville Road, London N1 9ND (Telephone 01-837 8801 ;Telex 23218). Contract requirements Attention is drawn to the fact that this British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Revision
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