1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1902-5.13: 1984 Methods of testing Refractory materials Part 5: Refractory and thermal properties Section 5.13 Determination of resistance to attack by slag (method1902-513) UDC 666.76.017:620.193.93BS1902-5.13:1984 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directiono
2、f the Refractory Products Standards Committee,was published underthe authority ofthe BoardofBSI and comesintoeffecton 31 May 1984 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPE/1 Draft for comment 83/72963 DC ISBN 0 580 13871 2 Committees respon
3、sible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Refractory Products Standards Committee (RPE/-) to Technical Committee RPE/1 upon which the following bodies were represented: BCIRA British Ceramic Research Association British Steel Industry Electricity S
4、upply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Institute of Refractories Engineers Refractories Association of Great Britain Refractory Contractors Association Society of Glass Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS
5、1902-5.13:1984 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Designation 1 3 Definition 1 4 Principle 1 5 Apparatus 1 6 Test pieces and test panel assembly 1 7 Procedure 2 8 Expression of results 2 9 Test report 3 Figure 1 Horizontal rotating slag test
6、 rig 3 Figure 2 Supporting frame and drive mechanism 4 Figure 3 Burner quarl 4 Figure 4 Cutting and assembly of test pieces 5 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS1902-5.13:1984 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This Section of BS1902-5 has been prepared under the direction of the Refractory Products S
7、tandards Committee. In the present “state of the art”, the resistance of refractories to attack by slag cannot be measured absolutely. The method described in this Section should be regarded as a recommended practice rather than as a definitive standard method; with this proviso it has its uses as a
8、 method for comparing the degree of resistance of refractory products to attack by stag. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of
9、 itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be i
10、ndicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS1902-5.13:1984 BSI 08-1999 1 NOTEThis Section is to be read in conjunction with BS1902-5.0 “Introduction” and BS1902-3.1 “Guidance on sampling”. Section5.0 sets out the general arrangement of BS1902 and lists the Sections of Part5. 1 Scope
11、This Section of BS 1902-5 describes a recommended procedure for comparing the resistance of refractory materials against slag erosion. NOTE 1It is recognized that there may be difficulty in obtaining reproducible results when testing refractories containing carbon. NOTE 2The titles of publications r
12、eferred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Designation The method for the determination of resistance to attack by slag described in this Section is referred to by the following designation: Method 1902-513 3 Definition For the purposes of this Section of BS1902-5 the followi
13、ng definition applies. resistance to attack by slag the extent to which the surface of a refractory product is eroded when exposed to flowing slag 4 Principle NOTE 1In this method the extent to which the surface of a refractory product is eroded is assessed by measuring the thickness of a test piece
14、 before and after exposure to the chosen slag. It follows that a small measured change in thickness indicates a high degree of resistance to that slag, while a larger measured change indicates a lower degree of resistance. Bevelled prisms are cut from the test bricks to be compared so that, when ass
15、embled together, they form a test panel of polygonal cross section which is used as the inner lining of a rotating cylindrical furnace. This is heated to the test temperature and the panel is subjected for a specified time to the erosive action of a pool of molten slag of selected composition. The t
16、hickness of the prisms is measured before assembling the panel and after dismantling it at the end of the test. NOTE 2The products tested in the same test panel should not have markedly different orders of resistance to the selected slag. Severe wear on one particular product may affect the results
17、obtained on other products. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Furnace, consisting of a cylindrical, insulated steel shell, with removable base and cover, into which a test panel can be installed in accordance with clause6 to form, in effect, a furnace with the test panel as the inner lining. 5.2 Furnace drive mechani
18、sm, capable of rotating the furnace from3r/min to5r/min and of tilting it to tap molten slag. NOTESuitable arrangements are shown inFigure 1 andFigure 2. 5.3 Heating device, consisting of a burner capable of heating the test panel at about500 C/h to the specified test temperature. NOTE 1For temperat
19、ures above1400 C the use of oxygen is required. Propane/oxygen burners meet this requirement. NOTE 2If a reducing atmosphere is a requirement of the test, heating should be carried out using a reducing flame and a layer of coke, graphite or similar material on the panel. 5.4 Pair of long steel tongs
20、 5.5 Pyrometers 5.5.1 Optical pyrometer, for measuring the furnace temperature. 5.5.2 Calibrated continuously recording radiation pyrometer, to assist in maintaining a constant furnace temperature. 5.6 Lifting device, for mounting the furnace as required. 5.7 Steel rule, graduated in half millimetre
21、s. 5.8 Moulds, suitable for casting the quarls in accordance withFigure 3. NOTEThe burner and gas exhaust quarls are made of a refractory material which is known to be chemically compatible with the test panel and the selected slag. Severe wear on the quarl material during testing may affect the res
22、ults obtained on the test panel materials. The dimensions of these quarls (seeFigure 3) should be chosen to suit the size of vessel, to retain a pool of slag on the test panel, and to allow the test panel and the slag pool to be observed through an optical pyrometer without being unnecessarily waste
23、ful of fuel. 5.9 Gas analysis equipment, suitable for the analysis of the gas generated. 5.10 Sieves, in accordance with BS410 of aperture sizes0.6mm and5.6mm. 6 Test pieces and test panel assembly 6.1 Preparation of test pieces. In the case of pre-shaped fired products, a test sample shall consist
24、of three230mm 114mm 76mm straights, or equivalent volume of material, for testing in a six test piece panel, or a minimum of two straights for a nine test piece panel. Three test pieces, in the form of bevelled prisms, shall be cut from the selected test sample of each refractory product to be teste
25、d, according toFigure 4(a) orFigure 4(b) as appropriate. If unshaped refractory material is to be tested, it shall be moulded to230mm 114mm 76mm dimensions and test pieces cut either after curing or prefiring.BS1902-5.13:1984 2 BSI 08-1999 The thickness d inFigure 4(a) andFigure 4(b) of each test pi
26、ece shall be measured at three points along the230mm length and the average value recorded. 6.2 Test panel assembly. With the three test pieces of each product placed adjacent to each other as shown inFigure 4, the two or three groups are arranged, without cement, to form a regular polygon of approx
27、imately125mm internal diameter. To aid identification after the test, mark the test pieces of each material on the outside (cold) face, using a heat-resistant paint. NOTEThe test panel may be secured by binding with metal straps or wire for the purpose of placing the panel in the furnace. Remove the
28、 insulated steel shell from its rollers and place it, with its axis vertical and with its top cover plate removed, ready for insertion of the test panel. Place the gas exhaust quarl, Q 1 , in position on the bottom cover plate and place the test panel on top of the quarl, bedded on a thin layer of s
29、uitable cement; ensure that the test panel assembly is concentric with the furnace shell. Fill the annular space between the outer insulation and the quarl and test panel assembly with a suitable refractory grain of size between2mm and10mm. Pack the grain tightly by “rodding” to retain the test pane
30、l in position during subsequent horizontal rotation. Bed the burner quarl, Q 2 , on the panel and pack in position in the same way. Cover the top surface, which is to be under the steel cover plate, with a layer of compressible ceramic fibre to allow for unevenness and expansion of the refractory li
31、ning. Then bolt the top cover plate in position and place the apparatus on the rollers. 7 Procedure 7.1 Slag preparation. Before commencement of testing, prepare the slag to a suitable state for use in the test. Lump slag shall be ground to pass a5.6mm aperture sieve. Pelletize and regrind all mater
32、ial passing through a0.6mm sieve. Pelletize and regrind all slag received as fine powder to pass a5.6mm aperture sieve. Package the resultant granular slag in paper containers, in500g quantities, so that the packages may be grasped with tongs and fed into the furnace through one of the quarls. 7.2 H
33、eating and exposure to slag. Set the furnace rotating and raise the temperature of the test panel at about500 C/h to the specified test temperature and maintain it as close as possible tothis temperature for the duration of the test (seenotes to5.3). Measure the test temperature by an optical pyrome
34、ter sighted on the test panel midway along its length. 1h after attaining the test temperature, feed into the furnace the first slag addition, consisting of an initial quantity of two of the500g slag packages (see note), and raise the furnace to the test temperature again. Further500g additions may
35、be required during the first hour in order to form a molten pool of slag about10mm deep. Gas analysis should be taken when stable molten slag and temperature conditions have been obtained. Tilt the furnace at the end of each hour and tap off as much slag as possible and add a further500g package of
36、slag. NOTEIt may be necessary to reduce the flame velocity for a short time. At the end of the test period, which is normally between5h and50h (depending on the rate of attack), tilt the furnace while it is still rotating so as to remove as much slag as possible from the area of the test pieces whos
37、e thickness is to be measured. Allow the furnace to cool in the tilted position. 7.3 Post-test treatment. After cooling, remove the test panel from the furnace, mark the centre test piece of each set of three and dismantle the test panel. Slice the test pieces along the230mm dimension, at the centre
38、 of the slagged face. Measure the thickness of each test piece again, to the nearest0.5mm, at12mm intervals over the central150mm of the test piece length, and calculate the average thickness. If a layer of residual slag is clearly visible, adhering to the test piece, exclude it when measuring the t
39、hickness of the test piece. However, take great care to distinguish between adhering slag and any reaction layer between the test piece and the slag; unless a slag/test piece interface is clearly seen, measure the total thickness. 8 Expression of results Express the results of the test as the averag
40、e recession, in millimetres, of the surface of the test pieces over the central150mm portion of the test piece length, calculated from the measurements of thickness taken before and after testing.BS1902-5.13:1984 BSI 08-1999 3 9 Test report The test report shall include the following: a) the name of
41、 the testing establishment; b) the date of the test; c) a reference to this method of test, i.e.determined by comparison in accordance with method 1902-513 (see foreword); d) the materials tested (manufacturer, product, type, batch number, etc.); e) the temperature of the test (in C) and some measur
42、e of the predominant atmosphere; f) the duration of the test (in h); g) the nature of the slag, its composition, and the total amount used in the test; h) the average change in thickness (in mm) over the central150mm portion of: 1) each test piece (the centre test piece of each set of three being pa
43、rticularly noted); 2) all three test pieces of each product; i) the maximum change in thickness recorded for any product and whether a correction was made for a residual slag layer; j) a brief description of the typical appearance of each product after the test, noting depth of penetration by slag,
44、zoning and cracking, etc. Figure 1 Horizontal rotating slag test rigBS1902-5.13:1984 4 BSI 08-1999 Figure 2 Supporting frame and drive mechanism Figure 3 Burner quarlBS1902-5.13:1984 BSI 08-1999 5 Figure 4 Cutting and assembly of test pieces6 blankBS1902-5.13:1984 BSI 08-1999 Publications referred t
45、o BS 410, Specification for test sieves. BS 1902, Methods of testing refractory materials. BS 1902-3.1, Guidance on sampling. BS 1902-5.0, Introduction. BS 1902-5.13: 1984 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for pre
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