1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1902-6: 1986 Methods of testing Refractory materials Part 6: Ceramic fibre products UDC 666.766:662.998 494:677.523BS1902-6:1986 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Refractory Products Standards Committee, was published under the authorityof the
2、Board of BSI andcomes into effect on 28November 1986 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPM/9 Draft for comment83/77458DC ISBN 0 580 15179 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was en
3、trusted by the Refractory Products Standards Committee (RPM/-) to Technical Committee RPM/9 upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Electrical Appliances British Ceramic Research Association British Steel Industry Combustion Engineering Association
4、Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Eurisol (UK) Association of Manufacturers of Mineral Insulation Fibres National Coal Board Refractories Association of Great Britain Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS1902-6:1986 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committee
5、s responsible Inside front cover Foreword iii Section 1. General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Designations 1 1.3 Sampling 1 Section 2. Measurement of thickness 2.1 General 3 2.2 The725N/m 2method 3 2.3 The50kN/m 2method 3 2.4 Test report 3 Section 3. Determination of moisture and organic matter content 3.1 Appar
6、atus 5 3.2 Procedure 5 3.3 Expression of result 5 3.4 Test report 5 Section 4. Determination of actual bulk density 4.1 Apparatus 6 4.2 Procedure 6 4.3 Calculation 6 4.4 Test report 6 Section 5. Determination of shrinkage on heating 5.1 Introduction 7 5.2 Apparatus 7 5.3 Preparation and measurement
7、of the test pieces 7 5.4 Heat treatment methods 7 5.5 Remeasurement of the test pieces 8 5.6 Expression of results 8 5.7 Test report 8 Section 6. Determination of thermal conductivity 6.1 General 9 6.2 Calorimetric method up to a hot face temperature of1300 C (referee method) 9 6.3 Calorimetric meth
8、od up to a hot face temperature of1000 C 9 6.4 High temperature guarded hot plate method up to a hot face temperature of1200 C 9 6.5 Hot wire method up to a hot face temperature of1500 C 9 6.6 Test report 10 Section 7. Determination of shot content 7.1 Principle 11 7.2 Definition 11 7.3 Apparatus 11
9、 7.4 Preparation of test pieces 12 7.5 Procedure 12 7.6 Expression of results 12 7.7 Test report 12 Section 8. Determination of compressibility and resilience 8.1 Blankets and felts 13 8.2 Loose fibres 14BS1902-6:1986 ii BSI 09-1999 Page 8.3 Test report 14 Section 9. Determination of tensile (partin
10、g) strength 9.1 Apparatus 15 9.2 Procedure 15 9.3 Expression of results 15 9.4 Test report 15 Section 10. Determination of specific heat capacity 10.1 Principle 16 10.2 Apparatus 16 10.3 Preparation of test pieces 16 10.4 Procedure 16 10.5 Calculation 18 10.6 Test report 18 Appendix A Cooling correc
11、tion 19 Figure 1 Typical thickness gauge 4 Figure 2 A glass elutriator 11 Figure 3 Test piece and thermocouple arrangement in the tube furnace 17 Table 1 Summary of test methods and designations, applicability to product types, and numbers of samples required 2 Table 2 Sample sizes and rates of addi
12、tional sampling 2 Table 3 Example of cooling correction 19 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS1902-6:1986 BSI 09-1999 iii Foreword This Part of BS1902 has been prepared under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Committee. It supersedes DD41:1982 which is withdrawn. Attention
13、is drawn to the guidance on installation and use of ceramic fibre materials given in BS6466. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does no
14、t of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i toiv, pages1to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will
15、 be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS1902-6:1986 BSI 09-1999 1 Section 1. General 1.1 Scope This Part of BS1902 describes methods of test for ceramic fibre products which are used as heat insulating materials at temperatures in the range from1000 C to1600 C. Typic
16、al products covered by this standard are loose fibres, blankets, felts, papers and boards. The test methods and their applicability to each product type are shown inTable 1. An example of how to calculate a cooling correction, necessary when calculating specific heat capacity, is given in Appendix A
17、. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 1.2 Designations The test methods applicable to each type of ceramic fibre product are referred to by the designations given inTable 1. 1.3 Sampling NOTEAlthough there are well established procedur
18、es for the selection of samples for quality control purpose where the units are of similar type, size and shape, it is not practicable to apply such methods to many consignments of ceramic fibre products, because of their diversity. It is necessary to adapt the method of sampling to the type of prod
19、uct in question. Sampling becomes difficult when the consignment consists of relatively small quantities of materials of different types and physical properties, and it may be necessary to restrict the size of samples in such cases to avoid the destructive testing of too large a proportion of each s
20、ubportion of the consignment. 1.3.1 Selection of samples Samples shall only be taken from unbroken packages or from undamaged units. NOTE 1As far as possible, samples should be representative of each material in the consignment. NOTE 2Where the consignment comprises more than one type of fibre produ
21、ct and/or more than one thickness or density, each type, each thickness and each density should be treated as a separate consignment for the purposes of sampling, unless another arrangement is made between the purchaser and the vendor. NOTE 3The properties of rolls of fibre blanket, particularly thi
22、ckness and bulk density, are known to vary across the width of the roll and sampling should reflect this. The samples shall be selected as follows. a) Blanket, felt and paper. A strip shall be cut across the full material width from the middle and each end of randomly selected rolls. b) Board type p
23、roducts. Each randomly selected board shall be considered to be a sample. c) Uncompressed bulk fibre. Each selected bag or box shall be sampled at a fixed depth and the samples combined to give a representative sample. d) Compressed bulk fibre. This shall be sampled in accordance with ASTM D1060-85a
24、nd the individual samples combined to give a representative sample. 1.3.2 Size of samples The minimum sample sizes, and the rate of additional sampling required above this minimum, shall be as given in Table 2. Each sample shall contain a sufficient number of units to permit random selection of test
25、 pieces for each test. NOTEAlthough statistically the minimum size of sample required is not dependent on the size of the batch being sampled, it is usually convenient to base a sampling schedule to some extent on the size of the consignment. The sample will also vary in size according to the number
26、 of tests which are to be carried out. 1.3.3 Preparation of test pieces 1.3.3.1 Blanket, felt, paper and board. Cut the required number of test pieces of the required dimensions, using a template and sharp knife. Avoid excess pressure on the template as this may crush the fibre. NOTEAny pressure app
27、lied to the template should not exceed that given in the relevant method described in section 2. 1.3.3.2 Bulk fibres. Subdivide using a core sampler in accordance with ASTM D1060-85.BS1902-6:1986 2 BSI 09-1999 Table 1 Summary of test methods and designations, applicability to product types, and numb
28、ers of samples required Table 2 Sample sizes and rates of additional sampling Section Test Material No. of test pieces Designation 2 Thickness: 725N/m 2method Blanket Felt Method1902-602/1 50kN/m 2method Paper Board Method1902-602/2 3 Moisture and total organic content All products 3 Method1902-603
29、4 Actual bulk density Blanket Felt Paper Board 3 Method1902-604 5 Shrinkage: slow heat method Blanket Felt Paper Board 3 Method1902-605/1 hot furnace method Blanket Felt Paper Board 3 Method1902-605/2 6 Thermal conductivity: calorimetric method up to hot facetemperature of1300 C All products 1 Metho
30、d1902-606/1 calorimetric method up to hot face temperature of1000 C All products 1 Method1902-606/2 high temperature guarded hot plate method up to a hot face temperature of1200 C All products 2 Method1902-606/3 hot wire method up to a hot face temperature of1500 C All products 1 Method1902-606/4 7
31、Shot content All products 3 Method 1902-607 8 Compressibility and resilience Blanket Felt Loose fibre 3 Method1902-608/1 Method1902-608/2 9 Tensile (parting) strength Blanket Felt Paper 10 Method1902-609 10 Specific heat capacity All products 2 Method1902-610 Material Minimum size of sample Rate of
32、additional sampling Uncompressed and compressed bulk fibre 2kg 0.5kg per1000kg, above first5000kg Blankets, felts, paper and board 5units 1unit per200unitsBS1902-6:1986 BSI 09-1999 3 Section 2. Measurement of thickness 2.1 General The following methods shall be used for determining the thickness of
33、blankets, felts, papers and boards: a) the725N/m 2method(see2.2) for blankets and felts; b) the50kN/m 2method(see2.3) for papers and boards. 2.2 The 725 N/m 2method 2.2.1 Apparatus 2.2.1.1 Thickness gauge (seeFigure 1), comprising a square base plate (A) having a level surface and a vertical pillar
34、(B) on one of its sides. The pillar supports a horizontal beam (C) on which is mounted a dial gauge (D) capable of measuring up to30 0.1mm. The distance between the pillar and the dial gauge shall be adjustable, so that every part of the specimen can be measured. The horizontal beam can be moved bot
35、h vertically and horizontally after slackening clamping screws E and F. The spindle in the dial gauge is fitted with a small pan on its upper end and a disc751mm in diameter on the lower end. A weight (G) is placed on the pan so that the total mass of spindle, pan, disc and weight applies a pressure
36、 of725 15N/m 2when allowed to rest on top of the sample. 2.2.1.2 Gauge block, consisting of a block of metal25 0.1mm thick with parallel machined faces, which is used as a calibration slip gauge. 2.2.2 Procedure Brush the base plate free of any residual material and align the disc so that it lies pa
37、rallel to the base plate and, when they are in contact, the dial gauge reads zero. For samples greater than25mm thick, place the slip gauge on the base plate and raise the height of the dial gauge so that, when the disc is touching the upper machined surface of the gauge block, the reading is zero.
38、Once set, remove the gauge block. Gently raise the disc and slide the sample underneath it. Slowly lower the disc on to the sample until it supports the full pressure of the disc and weight. Record the dial reading. Repeat the measurement on at least two other positions, measuring to an accuracy of0
39、.1mm. 2.2.3 Expression of results Record the thickness measured and calculate the mean of the measurements. Express the mean to the nearest0.5mm. NOTEOn samples which are greater than25mm thick and the slip gauge has been used, add25mm to the measured result. 2.3 The 50 kN/m 2method Carry out the te
40、st in accordance with 2.2 except that the diameter of the disc on the thickness gauge(2.2.1.1) shall be12.5 0.5mm and the weight shall be adjusted to apply a pressure of501kN/m 2 . 2.4 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) the name of the testing establishment; b) t
41、he date of the test; c) a reference to these methods of test, i.e.“determined in accordance with methods1902-602/1or /2”, as appropriate (see1.2); d) the fibre type; e) the material or product form; f) the individual results for each sample, and the mean.BS1902-6:1986 4 BSI 09-1999 Figure 1 Typical
42、thickness gaugeBS1902-6:1986 BSI 09-1999 5 Section 3. Determination of moisture and organic matter content 3.1 Apparatus 3.1.1 Balance, accurate to0.001g. 3.1.2 Silica dish, or other suitable container. 3.1.3 Ventilated oven, at110 5 C. 3.1.4 Desiccator 3.1.5 Muffle furnace, capable of heating test
43、pieces to650 50 C. 3.2 Procedure Use three test pieces. Weigh not less than10g of the sample to 0.01g, (M 1 ) and place in a tared dry dish(3.1.2). Dry in the ventilated oven(3.1.3) for not less than1h, cool in the desiccator (3.1.4) and reweigh (M 2 ). Ignite the sample in a muffle furnace (3.1.5)
44、at650 50 C for not less than1h. Initially cool, for example on a heat-resisting mat, and when sufficiently cool, transfer to a disiccator. When cool, reweigh (M 3 ). 3.3 Expression of result Obtain the moisture content (M m ), expressed as a percentage of the original sample mass, using the followin
45、g equation: where Obtain the total organic matter content (M o ), expressed as a percentage of the dry sample mass, using the following equation: where 3.4 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) the name of the testing establishment; b) the date of test; c) a referen
46、ce to this method of test, i.e.“determined in accordance with method1902-603”(see1.2); d) the fibre type; e) the material or product form; f) the individual results and the mean. M 1 is the initial mass of the sample and dish (ing); M 2 is the mass of the sample and dish after drying (in g). M 2 is
47、the mass of the sample and dish after drying (in g); M 3 is the mass of the sample and dish after combustion (in g).BS1902-6:1986 6 BSI 09-1999 Section 4. Determination of actual bulk density NOTEThe bulk density quoted by the supplier is normally a nominal value derived from the mass, length, bread
48、th and nominal thickness of a typical sample of the product. This nominal density may be modified when the material is handled or transported. Sometimes it is necessary to know the actual bulk density of a test piece. 4.1 Apparatus 4.1.1 Balance, of2kg capacity, accurate to0.1g. 4.1.2 Steel rule, re
49、ading to0.5mm. 4.1.3 Ventilated oven, at110 5 C. 4.2 Procedure Use three rectangular shaped test pieces. NOTEA typical area is0.1m 2 . Dry each test piece in the ventilated oven(4.1.3), for at least1h, to constant mass. Record this mass to 0.1g, and measure the length and breadth with the steel rule (4.1.2) to an accuracy of0.5mm. Measure the thickness in accordance with section2, using the725N/m 2method for blankets and felts, and the50 kN/m 2method for paper. 4.3 Calculation Calculate the bulk volume V of the test piece (i
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