BS 1943-1989 Specification for woodworking chisels and gouges《木工凿和扁凿规范》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS1943:1989 Specification for Woodworking chisels and gouges UDC 674.054:621.911.7:001.4(083.3).004.15:620.1BS1943:1989 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Machine, Engineers and Hand Tools Standards Committee, was published under the authorityofthe

2、 Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31March1989 BSI 11-1999 First published February1953 First revision January1975 Second revision March1989 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MTE/15 Draft for comment87/75312 DC ISBN 0 580 17012 8 Committees res

3、ponsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Machine, Engineers and Hand Tools Standards Committee (MTE/-) to Technical Committee MTE/15, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Coal Corporation British Telecommunications plc Cons

4、umer Policy Committee of BSI Department of Trade and Industry Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Technology Division (Mmt) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Federation of British Engineers Tool Manufacturers Federation of Bri

5、tish Hand Tool Manufacturers Handle Manufacturers Association Institute of Carpenters Institution of Production Engineers Ministry of Defence The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association for Consumer Research (ACRE) British

6、 Institute of Certified Carpenters Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS1943:1989 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Nomenclature 1 3 Dimensions 1 4 Blade 8 5 Handle 8 6 Performance 8 7 Marking 9 Appendix A Bl

7、ade testing methods 10 Appendix B Handle testing method 10 Figure 1 Nomenclature for chisels and gouges 1 Figure 2 Chisels with tang 2 Figure 3 Firmer gouges 4 Figure 4 Bevel edge paring chisels 5 Figure 5 Sash mortice chisels 6 Figure 6 Heavy duty mortice chisels 7 Figure 7 Bending test 10 Table 1

8、Principal series of firmer chisels 2 Table 2 Secondary series of firmer chisels 3 Table 3 Butt and stubby chisels 3 Table 4 Principal series of firmer gouges 4 Table 5 Secondary series of firmer gouges 5 Table 6 Bevel edge paring chisels 6 Table 7 Sash mortice chisels 7 Table 8 Heavy duty mortice ch

9、isels 7 Table 9 Analysis of tool steel 8 Table 10 Minimum depth for handle testing 10 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS1943:1989 ii BSI 11-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Machine Engineers and Hand Tools Standards Committee. This revision o

10、f BS1943 is based on ISO2729 “Woodworking tools Chisels and gouges”. It has, however, been extended to include butt chisels, stubby chisels, bevel edge paring chisels, sash mortice chisels, and heavy duty mortice chisels. Test requirements have been clarified. A British Standard does not purport to

11、include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, p

12、agesi andii, pages1 to10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS1943:1989 BSI 11-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies req

13、uirements for chisels and gouges for woodworking. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Nomenclature For the purposes of this British Standard the nomenclature given in Figure 1 applies. 3 Dimensions NOTEThe tang dimension specified is

14、 a minimum across flats, or minimum diameter if circular. 3.1 Firmer chisels The dimensions for bevelled and plain firmer chisels with tang, shall be as given in Figure 2 and Table 1 and Table 2. Figure 1 Nomenclature for chisels and gougesBS1943:1989 2 BSI 11-1999 Table 1 Principal series of firmer

15、 chisels (seeFigure 2) Figure 2 Chisels with tang Nominal dimension Flatness deviation Bending load P a b c d e a f a min. min. min. min. min. max. mm 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 32 40 mm 115 120 120 125 125 125 135 135 140 140 145 155 160 mm 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 95 95 100 100 110 120 mm 3.75 2.35

16、2.35 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.50 2.65 2.80 2.80 3.15 3.35 3.75 mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 mm 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 mm 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.40 N 22.75 29.30 45.40 59.60 79.00 93.40 111.70 132.20 144.80 167.00 223.00 330.00 510.00 a In the case of a

17、tapered tang the dimension f is the average over the length e.BS1943:1989 BSI 11-1999 3 Table 2 Secondary series of firmer chisels (seeFigure 2) 3.2 Butt and stubby chisels The dimensions for butt and stubby chisels with tang, bevelled and plain shall be as given in Table 3. 3.3 Firmer gouges The di

18、mensions for firmer gouges, incannel and outcannel edges shall be as given in Figure 3 and Table 4 and Table 5. Table 3 Butt and stubby chisels (seeFigure 2) Nominal dimension Flatness deviation Bending load a b min. c min. d min. e a min. f a min. max. P mm 2 5 13 15 19 22 28 30 35 38 mm 115 120 13

19、0 135 140 140 150 150 160 160 mm 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 110 110 120 mm 3.75 2.35 2.50 2.65 2.80 3.00 3.15 3.35 3.55 3.55 mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 mm 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 mm 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.40 0.40 N 13.20 36.80 115.00 123.00 155.00 193.00 265.00 295.00 370.00 440.00

20、 a In the case of a tapered tang the dimension f is the average over the length e. Nominal dimension Flatness deviation Bending load a b min. c min. d min. e a min. f a min. max. P mm 6 10 12 13 18 19 25 32 38 mm 90 95 95 100 105 100 105 105 100 mm 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 mm 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.50 2

21、.80 2.80 3.15 3.35 3.35 mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 mm 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 mm 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.35 0.40 N 56.8 99.4 117.0 128.0 187.0 207.0 310.0 447.0 647.0 a In the case of a tapered tang the dimension f is the average over the length e.BS1943:1989 4 BSI 11-1999 Table 4 Principa

22、l series of firmer gouges (seeFigure 3) Figure 3 Firmer gouges Nominal dimension Bending load a b min. c min. d min. e a min. f a min. R P mm 6 8 10 12 15 18 20 25 mm 115 120 120 125 130 130 130 140 mm 90 95 95 95 95 95 95 100 mm 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.80 mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 mm

23、4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 5 6 6.5 7 9 10 12 16 mm 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.90 0.90 N 45.40 59.60 79.00 93.40 123.00 144.80 167.00 223.00 a In the case of a tapered tang the dimension f is the average over the length e.BS1943:1989 BSI 11-1999 5 Table 5 Secondary series of firmer gouges (seeFigure 3) 3.4

24、 Bevel edge paring chisels The dimensions for bevel edge paring chisels shall be as given in Figure 4 and Table 6. NOTEThese chisels are not subject to a bend test. Nominal dimension Bending load a b min. c min. d min. e a min. f a min. R P mm 3 13 16 19 22 30 32 mm 110 125 130 130 140 150 150 mm 85

25、 95 95 95 100 110 110 mm 2.40 2.25 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.80 2.80 mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 mm 4 5 6 6 7 7 7 mm 3 0.45 8 0.75 9 0.75 11 0.90 14 0.90 18 0.90 19 0.90 N 22.75 115.00 132.00 155.00 193.00 295.00 330.00 a In the case of a tapered tang the dimension f is the average over the length e. Figure 4 Be

26、vel edge paring chiselsBS1943:1989 6 BSI 11-1999 Table 6 Bevel edge paring chisels (seeFigure 4) 3.5 Sash mortice chisels The dimensions for sash mortice chisels shall be as given in Figure 5 and Table 7. Nominal dimension Flatness deviation a b min. c min. d min. e a min. f a min. max. mm 3 6 10 12

27、 13 16 19 20 22 25 32 38.4 40 mm 180 180 180 185 185 190 190 190 205 205 205 220 220 mm 3.20 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.35 2.65 2.80 2.80 3.15 3.15 3.35 3.75 3.75 mm 7.7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 mm 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 mm 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 0.2 0.2 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.3 0.3 0.3 0

28、.3 0.35 0.4 0.4 a In the case of a tapered tang the dimension f is the average over the length e. Figure 5 Sash mortice chiselsBS1943:1989 BSI 11-1999 7 Table 7 Sash mortice chisels (seeFigure 5) 3.6 Heavy duty mortice chisels The dimensions for heavy duty mortice chisels shall be as given in Figure

29、 6 and Table 8. Table 8 Heavy duty mortice chisels (seeFigure 6) Nominal dimension Flatness deviation Bending load a b min. c min. d min. e a min. f a min. max. P mm 6 8 10 12 13 16 18 mm 162 162 162 162 162 162 162 mm 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 mm 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 mm 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 mm 7 7 7 7 7

30、 7 7 mm 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.28 N 60 75 95 120 120 145 160 a In the case of a tapered tang the dimension f is the average over the length e. Figure 6 Heavy duty mortice chisels Nominal dimension Flatness deviation max. a b c d e g h i j k l m n Handle size mm 6 10 12 16 20 mm 5 8 12 13 16

31、 mm 5 8 12 14 14 mm 3 3 4 4 4 mm 25 25 30 30 30 mm 10 10 16 16 16 mm 13 14 21 21 21 mm 30 30 35 35 35 mm 12 14 19 21 21 mm 3 4 4 4 4 mm 152 165 178 190 197 mm 9 9 9 9 9 mm 73 80 80 95 98 mm 36 46 143 36 46 143 40 50 150 40 50 150 40 50 150 mm 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.30BS1943:1989 8 BSI 11-1999 4 Blade

32、 4.1 Material The blades of chisels and gouges shall be manufactured from steel which, taking into account the stated hardness, gives a cutting edge quality the same as, or higher than, that of tool steel with an analysis as given in Table 9. Table 9 Analysis of tool steel The blades of chisels and

33、gouges shall be hardened and tempered from the cutting edge for a minimum distance equal to two-thirds of the blade length, to the shoulders. After tempering the hardness shall be within the range HRC58 to62. 4.2 Cutting edge The cutting edge shall be ground sharp and ready for final honing. The edg

34、e shall be at90 to the centreline of the blade. 4.3 Bolster neck and tang The bolster neck and tang shall be concentric with the centreline of the blade. The bolster shall have such a form and size that it gives firm support to the handle. All sharp edges shall be removed. NOTE 1The design of the ta

35、ng is at the manufacturers discretion. NOTE 2A round parallel tang with winging may be produced to fit plastics handles. 4.4 Finish The face, back and sides of the blade shall be finely ground or have an equivalent finish. After finishing, a protection shall be applied to prevent rusting. Any protec

36、tive finish shall comply with the appropriate BritishStandard. 5 Handle 5.1 Shape The handle shall be designed to give a good grip. It shall not have sharp corners or irregularities which might be hazardous during use. The dimensions of the handle shall be in proportion to those of the blade in orde

37、r that the tool is well balanced. 5.2 Materials Wood handles shall be manufactured from beech or other suitable hard wood and shall be fitted with a reinforcing ring or ferrule. The wood shall be straight grained and free from deleterious defects. The moisture content of the timber from which the ha

38、ndles are manufactured shall be not less than10%nor more than15%, when determined in accordance with the method described in BS373. NOTEWhere it is intended that handles be manufactured from plastics material a suitable material should be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 6 Performance

39、6.1 General When tested as described in Appendix A, chisel and gouge blades shall show no signs of fracture or flaw. 6.2 Flatness When checked with feeler gauges as described inA.2, the maximum flatness deviation of the chisel or gouge blade shall not be greater than the values given in Table 1, Tab

40、le 2, Table 3, Table 6, Table 7 and Table 8. Limit C Si Mn P S min. max. % 1.05 1.25 % 0.15 0.25 % 0.25 0.40 % 0.035 % 0.035BS1943:1989 BSI 11-1999 9 6.3 Bending When tested as described inA.3, the maximum permanent deflection of the chisel or gouge blade shall be1mm at point A and3mm at point B. Af

41、ter testing the blade shall have sustained no damage, distortion or fracture and the handle shall remain securely fixed to the blade. 6.4 Handles When tested as described in Appendix B, the chisel or gouge handle shall not split or break and any fitted reinforcing rings shall remain in place. NOTEMu

42、shroom-shaped deformation of the top part of the handle after testing is permitted. 6.5 Performance after honing After honing the cutting edge of the tool shall be capable of being worked on seasoned oak without any signs of damage to the cutting edge of the tool. 7 Marking Each chisel and gouge sha

43、ll be plainly and indelibly marked with the following: a) the number of this British Standard, i.e.BS1943 1) ; b) the manufacturers name or trade mark. 1) Marking BS1943 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e.a claim by or on behalf of the manufactur

44、er that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is therefore solely the responsibility of the person making the claim. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also be desirable.BS1943:1989 10 BSI 11-1999 A

45、ppendix A Blade testing methods A.1 Soundness Place a block of lead on a bench or table. Holding the tool by the tang or neck, between the thumb and fingers, bring the tool down quickly using the force of wrist and elbow to strike the flat of the blade a sharp blow against the top face of the lead b

46、lock. Repeat this manually applied blow six times consecutively. A.2 Flatness Place the face of the chisel blade on a surface plate and check the maximum flatness deviation using feeler gauges. A.3 Bending Place the chisel in a fixture as shown in Figure 7. Measure the distance between a point A at

47、the highest part of the bolster and a point B75mm from the front end of the handle. Apply a load P to point B and measure the deflection using a dial indicator or other suitable measuring instrument. The values of the load P (in N) given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 andTable 7 are

48、calculated from the equation: NOTEThis test is not applicable to bevel edged paring chisels. Appendix B Handle testing method Drive a gouge or chisel with a honed cutting edge into well seasoned oak, across the grain of the wood, using direct blows from a mallet to a minimum depth as given in Table

49、10. NOTEIt may be found necessary to destroy the block to remove the blade intact. Table 10 Minimum depth for handle testing where M is the bending moment (in Nmm); L is the dimension shown in Figure 7 (inmm). Tool length Minimum depth mm up to12 12 to16 16 to20 20 to25 25 to40 mm 50 25 16 16 12 Figure 7 Bending test P M L - =BS1943:1989 BSI 11-1999 Publications referred to BS373, Methods of testing small clear specimens of timber. BS891, Meth