BS 2015-1992 Glossary of paint and related terms《涂料和有关术语词汇》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS2015:1992 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Glossary of Paint and related termsBS2015:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Pigments, Paintsand Varnishes Standards Policy Committee, was publishedunder the authority ofthe Standards Board and comesin

2、to effect on 28February1992 BSI 03-1999 First published June 1965 Second edition February 1992 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PVC/11 Draft for comment89/53368DC ISBN 0 580 19799 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation

3、of this British Standard was entrusted by the Pigments, Paints and Varnishes Standards Policy Committee (PVC/-) to Technical Committee PVC/11, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Colour Makers Association British Decorators Association British Resin Manufacturers Association De

4、partment of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Institute of Metal Finishing Oil and Colour Chemists Association Paint Research Association Paintmakers Association of Great Britain Ltd. Society of Dyers and Colourists Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 9341 Nove

5、mber 1996 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS2015:1992 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 General and miscellaneous 1 2 Raw materials 5 3 Equipment, manufacturing plant and techniques 12 4 Paint types, characteristics and properties 14 5 Surface p

6、reparation and the application of coating materials 22 6 Terms used in methods of test and analysis 31 7 Colour and colour measurement 34 8 Paint defects 36 Index 42 Publication(s) referred to 50BS2015:1992 ii BSI 03-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Pi

7、gments, Paints and Varnishes Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS2015:1965, which is withdrawn. This British Standard defines terms specific to, and in general use in, the paint and allied industries. The previous edition was an alphabetical list of terms but this revision has divided the te

8、rms into sections related to specific areas. Terms which may commonly be used in the paint industry in the ordinary dictionary sense have been omitted except for materials used in the manufacture of paints; these are included in section2. The approach of the glossary is to define terms in the genera

9、l sense, avoiding detailed technical descriptions but remaining accurate and informative. Some terms exist which may have specific meanings in particular sections of the paint and allied industries but which are defined in a general sense in this glossary. The aim is for the glossary to be of use to

10、 as wide a cross section of the industry as possible; where a more specific meaning is known to be recognized by a particular interest, an endeavour has been made to draw attention to this as part of the definition. Each entry has an individual number consisting of four digits in two parts; the firs

11、t two digits represent the number of the section and subsection, and the second two digits represent the place that the term occupies within the section or subsection. Where two or more terms have the same meaning, preferred terms are printed in bold type; and deprecated terms are given below the pr

12、eferred term, in medium type, with their status indicated. Terms of more than one word, e.g. “hammer finish”, are written in the direct style and not as “finish, hammer”. The inverted term is included in the index with reference to the direct term. Terms are listed alphabetically in the index and ar

13、e referred to by the numbers which are found against the terms in the body of the standard. The method of alphabetization used in the index is word-by-word. The following filing sequence has been used for entries that begin with the same word: a) a single word entry and its sub-headings; b) the same

14、 word identified by same qualifier; c) compound entries beginning with the same word. Italicized words indicate terms that are defined elsewhere in this standard. A confusing aspect of the terminology of this field is the use of the term “coating” in three senses: for the material applied, the actio

15、n of applying the material, and the resulting film. In this glossary “coating” is used only for the action, “coat” is used for the resulting film and “coating material” for the material used. In order to keep abreast of progress in the industries concerned, British Standards are subject to periodica

16、l review. Suggestions for new terms and improvements to existing definitions are welcomed by the committee responsible for the updating of this standard. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on page 50. A British Standard does not purport to include all the nece

17、ssary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages

18、1 to 50, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS2015:1992 BSI 03-1999 1 1 General and miscellaneous No. Term Definition 10 02 adhesio

19、n The degree of attachment between the film of a coating material and the substrate with which it is in contact. The latter may be another film (intercoat adhesion) or the substrate material. NOTEAdhesion should not be confused with cohesion. 10 04 ageing The irreversible change, if any, in the prop

20、erties of a coating material, that occurs with the passage of time. It is referred to, in particular, in connection with dry films. 10 05 agglomerate A loose arrangement of primary particles and aggregates of a pigment, attached, for example, at their corners or edges, which may be broken down durin

21、g dispersion in the paint-making process. 10 06 aggregate An assemblage of particles rigidly joined together, as by partial fusion, i.e. sintering or cementation or by growing together, which is not usually broken down by the dispersion techniques used in the paint industry. 10 07 alcoholysis The ch

22、emical reaction between an ester and an alcohol that results in the replacement of the alkyl group in the ester by that of the alcohol. NOTEThis reaction is frequently employed in the manufacture of alkyd resins, in which a triglyceride oil is reacted with a polyhydric alcohol at a high temperature

23、in the presence of a catalyst to form a mixture of partial esters (mono-and di-glycerides, etc.). These partial esters are, unlike the oils themselves, miscible with the dibasic acids used in alkyd manufacture and obviate the need for the generally more expensive fatty acids. 10 08 apparent density

24、Density ingrams per litre of untamped powder. 10 09 aqueous dispersion A dispersion in which the continuous phase is water with or without substances dissolved therein. 10 10 auto-ignition temperature The temperature to which, under specified conditions, a substance has to be raised to initiate self

25、-sustained combustion in the absence of any source of ignition. NOTE 1Auto-ignition temperature is not an absolute property, it varies with the method used for its determination. NOTE 2The auto-ignition temperature of a material has no direct relationship to its flash point. 10 12 break mucilage Of

26、oils. The separation of the mucilaginous product that occurs when certain unrefined vegetable oils are heated. This appears as a hazy suspension which may coagulate into a spawn-like mass. The separated material generally remains insoluble, and cannot be re-dissolved in the oil, even on prolonged he

27、ating. NOTEWhen separation occurs, the oil is said to “break”. The insoluble matter is also referred to as the “break” or “mucilage”. 10 13 build The thickness, either real or apparent, of the dry film of a coating material. 10 14 bulk density Density ingrams per litre of tamped powder. 10 15 bulkin

28、g volume The volume per unit mass of tamped powder, usually expressed aslitres per kilogram (l/kg).BS2015:1992 2 BSI 03-1999 No. Term Definition 10 16 catalyst A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction, but that remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. NOTE 1The term

29、 is often loosely employed to cover those additives that enter into the reaction, as in the curing by chemical cross-linking of resins. NOTE 2See also accelerator, cross-linking agent, curing agent, hardener and initiator. 10 18 coating A process that leads to the deposition of a coat. 10 21 cohesio

30、n The forces that bind together into a coherent whole the particles of a film. NOTECohesion should not be confused with adhesion. 10 23 copolymer A polymer derived from more than one chemically different species of monomer. NOTEAn example is butadiene-styrene. 10 25 curing The process of condensatio

31、n or polymerization of a material by heat or chemical means resulting in the full development of the desired properties. 10 26 degree of polymerization The number of monomeric structural units in a given polymer molecule. 10 27 depolymerization The reduction, by physical or chemical action, of the m

32、olecular complexity of polymeric materials. The process may yield the parent monomer and/or more simple polymers, or lead to the complete destruction of the substance. 10 29 dispersibility The rate at which a pigment, during the milling process, achieves the requisite degree of dispersion. 10 30 dis

33、persion A two-phase system in which one phase, the disperse phase, is permanently distributed as small particles throughout the second phase, the continuous phase. 10 31 elastomer A macromolecular material that, after substantial deformation by a weak stress at room temperature returns rapidly to it

34、s initial shape and dimensions when the stress is removed. 10 32 emulsion Apparently homogeneous material formed by the incorporation of two liquids which are normally immiscible. One liquid is dispersed in the other in the form of minute drops. NOTE 1If the droplets remain permanently dispersed, th

35、e emulsion is said to be stable. Certain compounds are added as stabilizers because of their power to keep the droplets dispersed. NOTE 2With reference to coating materials, the term is often erroneously applied to stable emulsion-like dispersions of a solid organic binder in water, e.g. polyvinyl a

36、cetate emulsion. 10 34 film formation The process by which coating materials, when applied to a substrate, are transformed into a cohesive layer. 10 35 finish The final or only coat in a coating-system. NOTESee also subsection42for types and appearance of the finish.BS2015:1992 BSI 03-1999 3 No. Ter

37、m Definition 10 36 flammability limits The limits of concentration known as lower explosion limit (LEL) and upper explosion limit (UEL) expressed as percentages by volume in air; between these limits a gas or vapour is capable of being explosively ignited on contact with a source of ignition. CAUTIO

38、N. It should not be assumed that mixtures below the LEL and above the UEL are not combustible. 10 37 footing The gradual deposition of foots from a drying oil or varnish. 10 38 foots The settled layer that collects at the bottom of the container, when a drying oil or varnish is allowed to stand. 10

39、39 functionality A concept commonly used in the formulation of alkyd resins or polyester resins prepared by a polycondensation reaction, where the term refers to the number of reactive groups within a molecule. NOTEThe most important groups in this context are carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl, but ot

40、hers are the epoxy, urethane and vinyl groups. 10 40 glass transition temperature (T g ) A temperature below the melting point of a polymer at which the temperature dependence of volume and other thermodynamic variables show a marked change of gradient. Above this temperature the polymer exhibits ru

41、bber-like properties; below this temperature the polymer becomes inelastic and brittle. 10 41 homopolymer A polymer, the molecules of which consist of one kind of structural unit repeated any number of times. NOTEExamples are polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl acetate. 10 42 inhibitor A material used,

42、in small proportions, to arrest or retard a chemical reaction. 10 44 monomer The unit molecule from which a polymer is built up. 10 46 particle size The size of a typical particle within a pigment, extender, powder coating material or paint, usually expressed as a linear dimension, e.g. inmicrometre

43、s (4m), which may be related to a sieve aperture or the diameter of an equivalent spherical particle. NOTEParticle size data will have value only if qualified by reference to the specific method of measurement. Rarely, however, are particles similar enough in size for a single figure to be meaningfu

44、l. The range of sizes that are encountered practically may be expressed in a variety of ways, e.g. the mass of particles retained on a range of sieves, the number of particles that fall in different size brackets or the volume of particles that settle out from a suspension under given conditions. Th

45、e mean particle size can be calculated from any of these sets of results and clearly it is important to state the method of evaluation. (See also BS2955.) 10 47 particle size distribution The relative proportion of the various particle sizes occurring in a given sample. 10 48 pigment binder ratio Th

46、e ratio, expressed as mass/mass, of the total pigment (white and/or coloured pigment plus extender) to the binder in a coating material. 10 50 polymer A substance, the molecules of which consist of one or more structural unit(s) repeated many times. NOTEThe polymers most widely used in surface coati

47、ng materials are produced either by addition polymerization, e.g. vinyl resins, or by condensation polymerization in which water or other substances are eliminated, e.g. alkyd resins. 10 51 polymerization A chemical reaction leading to the formation of a polymer.BS2015:1992 4 BSI 03-1999 No. Term De

48、finition 10 52 prepolymer A polymer that is capable of further polymerization by reaction with itself or with other polymers or monomers. 10 53 primary particles The individual particles of a pigment or an extender that may be largely combined in aggregates and/or agglomerates. 10 54 saponification

49、The formation of a soap by the reaction between a fatty acid ester and an alkali. NOTEIn painting practice, saponification refers to the decomposition of the medium of a film by alkali and moisture in the substrate, e.g. new concrete or rendering based on cement, sand and lime. Saponified films may become sticky and discoloured. In very severe cases the film may be completely liquefied by saponification. (See also unsaponifiable matter.). 10 56 specific surface surfacearea deprecated The surface area of the particles in a unit mass of powder as determined under stated condit