BS 2583-1955 Specification for podger spanners《博奇板手规范》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 2583:1955 Specification for Podger spannersBS2583:1955 This British Standard, having been approved by the MechanicalEngineering IndustryStandards Committeeand endorsed bytheChairman of the EngineeringDivisional Council,was published undertheauthority of the GeneralCouncil on 3Mar

2、ch1955 BSI 11-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MEE/9/4 Draft for comment CR(MEE)5054 ISBN 0 580 02571 3 Co-operating organizations The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prep

3、ared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Admiralty* High Commission of India Air Ministry Institute of Marine Engineers Associated Offices Technical Committee Institute of Petroleum Association of Consulting Engineers In

4、stitution of Civil Engineers (Incorporated) Institution of Gas Engineers British Chemical Plant Manufacturers Institution of Heating and Ventilating Association Engineers British Compressed Air Society Institution of Mechanical Engineers* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Institution of Me

5、chanical Engineers Association* (Automobile Division) British Electricity Authority and Area Boards Institution of Production Engineers* British Engineers Association Locomotive Manufacturers Association* British Internal Combustion Engine Machine Tool Trades Association* Manufacturers Association M

6、inistry of Fuel and Power British Iron and Steel Federation Ministry of Labour and National Service British Railways, The British Transport (Factory Department) Commission* Ministry of Supply* Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation Administrations Ministry

7、of Works D.S.I.R. Mechanical Engineering Research National Coal Board Laboratory National Physical Laboratory* Engineering Equipment Users Association Radio Industry Council Gas Council* War Office The Government departments and other organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together

8、 with the following, were directly represented on the Committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard: Federation of British Hand Tool Society of British Aircraft Constructors Manufacturers Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders General Post Office Telephone Manufacturers Technical Ins

9、titution of Structural Engineers Development Committee Leicester Technical College Spanner manufacturers National Association of Drop Forgers and Stampers Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS2583:1955 BSI 11-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover F

10、oreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Material 1 3 Heat treatment and hardness 1 4 Proportions 1 5 Head inclination and cranking 1 6 Finish 2 7 Range 2 8 Marking 2 9 Dimensions 2 10 Torque tests 2 Figure 1 Proportions of podger spanners when manufactured from En3A 3 Figure 2 Proportions of podger spanners with str

11、aight shank when manufactured from En8 4 Figure 3 Proportions of podger spanners with cranked shank when manufactured from En8 5 Figure 4 Torque test. Location of test block 8 Table 1 Dimensions of podger spanners for BS916 and BS1083 hexagons and Whitworth large hexagons 6 Table 2 Dimensions of pod

12、ger spanners for part of the range of BS1769 unified black hexagons, heavy series 7BS2583:1955 ii BSI 11-1999 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS860, Table of approximate comparison of hardness scales. BS916, Black bolts and nuts. Hexagon and square, BSW and

13、 BSF. BS970, Wrought steels. BS1083, Precision hexagon bolts, screws, nuts and plain washers. BS1769, Unified black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts and plain washers. Heavy series. This British Standard, which has been prepared under the authority of the Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Comm

14、ittee, forms one of a group relating to various types of spanners which are either already published or in course of preparation. Although these spanners are generally known by the name adopted for this specification, i.e.podger spanners, they are also sometimes referred to by the alternative names

15、of “rat-tail spanners”, “erectors spanners” or “constructors spanners”. It was originally intended to include the specifications for railway track spanners, square nut (Post Office type) spanners and podger spanners in one standard, but consideration of their entirely different and distinct function

16、s led to a decision to keep them separate. Not the least of the considerations in the case of podger spanners centred on safety, particularly having regard to the severe stresses (and abuse) to which they are sometimes subject. It was seen to be impossible to provide for a tool which would be safe u

17、nder all conditions and on all occasions but, throughout the work of preparation, the question of safety has been kept well to the forefront, the intention being to produce a document which would ensure that the tools did not fall below a certain standard of quality and therefore safety. Two differe

18、nt designs of spanner are included, one applying when the tool is manufactured from steel to En3A and the other when it is made from En8. The proportions and heat treatment of each have been laid down in relation to the use of the spanner, whether turning a nut or bolt or whether being applied throu

19、gh the podger end to force heavy steel beams into line or as a cantilever on which the operator intends to stand. There is no doubt that this latter use, while very widespread, is injudicious and ill-advised. It constitutes a type of abuse for which such a specification cannot provide, although it w

20、as considered when the loads for the torque test were being investigated and when actual tests were being made. It is quite common in steel construction work for these spanners to be left lying in the foundations or on open ground after erection is completed. It will be readily understood that the s

21、trength and safety of the tool is likely to be seriously affected by the resultant corrosion and that extra precautions should be taken if the spanner is to be used again, particularly on the top of high structures. In conclusion it should be remarked that while several other forms of podger spanner

22、 are popular and in fairly wide use, those given in this specification have been selected because they represent types which can be adopted with some confidence having proved their value during lengthy and extensive service in construction work and in shipyards.BS2583:1955 BSI 11-1999 iii A British

23、Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front co

24、ver, an inside front cover, pagesi to iv, pages1to8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS2583:1955 BSI 11-1999 1 1 Scope

25、This British Standard relates to the materials, proportions, dimensions and tests of spanners having an open jaw at one end and with the shank tapering to form a podger bar at the other end, as designed for use on construction work and in shipyards. 2 Material All spanners complying with the provisi

26、ons of this British Standard shall be manufactured from steel either to specification En3A or to specification En8 from BS970 1) . 3 Heat treatment and hardness a) Spanners from En 3A. All spanners manufactured from steel to specification En3A shall be normalized before being hardened. After normali

27、zing the spanners shall be case-hardened inside the faces of the jaws and on the podger end to a depth of from0.010in. to0.020in. NOTEAs the case-hardening in a) above is intended only to provide resistance against wear, the question of hardness figures does not arise. b) Spanners from En 8. Spanner

28、s manufactured from steel to specification En8 shall be oil quenched and tempered within the range of13 to25 on the Rockwell C scale to give a tensile strength between45 and55tons. If desired the equivalent hardness figures on other recognised hardness scales may be used in place of those given abov

29、e. 2) 4 Proportions The dimensions of podger spanners shall be generally proportional to the width across the jaws W (seeFigure 1 & Figure 2). The proportions of the spanners shall vary according to the material from which they are made, as given below: a) When made from En 3A (seeFigure 1). Head wi

30、dth=2.25W minimum. Head depth=2.25W minimum. Head thickness of spanners for BS and W hexagons=diameter of appropriate Whitworth bolt (seeD. Figure 1). Head thickness of spanners for Unified heavy hexagons=maximum thickness of “as forged” nuts (seeD. Figure 1). Diameter of round portion of shank=diam

31、eter of appropriate bolt. Jaw depth=1.25W minimum. Width of shank adjacent to head=0.8W at point of tangency. Overall length=13W+4in. minimum. 15W+4in. maximum. Length from nose to start of parallel shank=5W. Length of tapered end of podger=2W. Finger clearance on cranked spanners=not less than0.75W

32、. Taper. The included angle of the podger end taper shall be approximately6 . All other proportions not mentioned above shall be as shown on Figure 1. b) When made from En 8 (seeFigure 2 and Figure 3). Head width=2.25W maximum. Head depth=1.6W. Head thickness of spanners for BS and W hexagons=0.5W.

33、Head thickness of spanners for Unified heavy bolts=maximum thickness of “as forged” nuts. Jaw depth=0.95W minimum. Width of shank adjacent to head=0.95W. Maximum thickness of straight portion of shank=0.25W (the section of this part of the spanner is fishbacked as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3). Le

34、ngth of straight shank=6W. Maximum thickness of rounded shank=0.55W. Length of podger end=2.5W. Overall length=13W+4in. minimum. 15W+4in. maximum. Finger clearance on cranked spanners=not less than0.75W. Taper. The included angle of the podger end taper shall be approximately6 . All other proportion

35、s not mentioned above shall be as shown on Figure 2 and Figure 3. 5 Head inclination and cranking a) Spanners from En 3A. i) Inclination. Heads of spanners made from En3A shall be straight in line with the shank and shall not be inclined (seeFigure 1). 1) BS970, “Wrought steels”. 2) BS860, “Table of

36、 approximate comparison of hardness scales”.BS2583:1955 2 BSI 11-1999 ii) Cranking. Spanners made from En3A shall be available either in the flat form (having head and shank in one plane), or the cranked form (having the shank cranked in relation to the head), seeFigure 1. b) Spanners from En 8. i)

37、Cranking. Spanners made from En8 shall be available either as flat or as cranked tools (seeFigure 2 and Figure 3). ii) Inclination. When the spanner is flat seei) above the head shall be inclined at15 to the shank. When the spanner is cranked the head shall be straight in line with the shank (seeFig

38、ure 2). NOTECranked spanners from En8 with the heads inclined at15 will be available by arrangement between purchaser and manufacturer. 6 Finish All sharp corners shall be removed and the spanners shall be free from burrs, cracks and other defects. The outer ends of the jaws and the periphery of the

39、 head shall be radiused as indicated on Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. The faces of the spanners shall remain parallel after being finished. All spanners shall have a black oiled finish. 7 Range Two ranges of nominal sizes shall be available. The first range shall include the hexagons applicable t

40、o the following bolt diameters (in inches) in BS916 3)and BS1083 4) : 3 / 8 , 7 / 16 , 1 / 2 , 9 / 16 , 5 / 8 , 11 / 16 , 3 / 4 , 7 / 8 , 1, 1 1 / 8 , 1 1 / 4 , 1 3 / 8 . NOTEThis range also applies to the relative Whitworth large hexagons. The second range includes the hexagons applicable to the fo

41、llowing bolt diameters (in inches) in BS1769 5) : 1 / 2 , 5 / 8 , 3 / 4 , 7 / 8 , 1, 1 1 / 8 , 1 1 / 4 , 1 3 / 8 . 8 Marking Podger spanners shall be marked adjacent to the head with either one of the following alternatives according to the type of bolt on which it is to be used. a) Spanners for hex

42、agon sizes in BS916 or BS 1083 and for Whitworth large hexagons. These shall be marked with two fractions, the first representing the nominal bolt diameter corresponding to the hexagon dimensions in BS916 or BS1083, this fraction being followed by the letters BS. The second fraction represents the n

43、ominal bolt diameter corresponding to the appropriate large Whitworth hexagon, this fraction being followed by the letter W. e.g. 3 / 8BS 5 / 16W b) Spanners for hexagon sizes in BS 1769. These shall be marked with a fraction representing the nominal fractional dimension across flats of the hexagon

44、on which the spanner fits, this fraction being followed by the letters AF. e.g. 7 / 8AF 9 Dimensions The dimensions of the podger spanners shall be those given in Table 1 and Table 2. 10 Torque tests Each spanner shall be capable of passing the torque test detailed below using the turning moments gi

45、ven in Table 1 or Table 2 appropriate to the type of spanner. The spanner to be tested shall be placed on a rigidly held test block which complies with the following conditions: a) It shall have been prepared from hardened and tempered steel. b) Its depth shall be not less than the maximum thickness

46、 of the spanner to be tested. c) The test faces of the block shall be parallel. d) The dimension between the test faces shall equal the maximum AF dimension of the hexagon appropriate to the jaw opening of the spanner to be tested. e) The length of the test faces shall equal the maximum dimension of

47、 the faces of the corresponding hexagon. The spanner jaws shall be right home on the test block as shown in Figure 4 and the specified load shall then be applied as near as practicable to the extreme end of the podger bar and in successively opposite directions. Upon completion of the test the jaw o

48、pening shall not exceed the maximum for the nominal size given in Table 1 or Table 2 and the podger end shall not have been damaged by bending, cracking or any other fault. 3) BS916, “Black bolts and nuts. Hexagon and square, BSW and BSF”. 4) BS1083, “Precision hexagon bolts, screws, nuts and plain

49、washers”. 5) BS1769, “Unified black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts. Heavy series”.BS 2583:1955 BSI 11-1999 3 Figure 1 Proportions of podger spanners when manufactured from En3ABS 2583:1955 4 BSI 11-1999 Figure 2 Proportions of podger spanners with straight shank when manufactured from En8BS 2583:1955 BSI 11-1999 5 Figure 3 Proportions of podger spanners with cranked shank when manufactured from En8BS 2583:1955 6 BSI 11-1999 Table 1 Dimensions of podger spanners for BS916 and BS1083 hexagons and Whitworth large hexagons All dimens