1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3142-3: 1970 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Manufactured solid smokeless fuels for household use Part 3: Specially reactive fuels for all types of domestic open fireBS3142-3:1970 This British Standard, having been approved by the Solid FuelIndustry and the Gas In
2、dustry Standards Committees,was published underthe authority ofthe Executive Board on 18November 1970 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SFE/GSE/47 and SFE/GSE/47/1 Draft for comment 69/9566 ISBN 580 06414 X Co-operating organizations Th
3、e Solid Fuel Industry and the Gas Industry Standards Committees, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consist of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Consulting Engineers BCURA Industrial Laborato
4、ries British Cast Iron Research Association British Coke Research Association* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association British Ironfounders Association* British Mechanical Engineering Confederation British Steel Industry Chamber of Coal Traders Chemical Industries Association Coal Ut
5、ilisation Council* Coke Oven Managers Association* Council of Ironfoundry Associations Domestic Solid Fuel Appliances Approval Council Electricity Council, the Central Electricity Generating Board and the Area Boards in EnglandandWales Gas Council* Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association Imp
6、erial Chemical Industries Ltd. Institute of British Foundrymen Institute of Fuel Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Liquefied Petroleum Gas Industry Technical Committee Low Temperature Coal Distillers Association of Great
7、 Britain Ltd.* Ministry of Housing and Local Government Ministry of Public Building and Works Ministry of Technology National Coal Board* Society of British Gas Industries Water-tube Boilermakers Association Womens Advisory Council on Solid Fuel* The scientific and industrial organizations marked wi
8、th an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Association of Municipal Corporations Consumer Council Consumers Association County Councils Association Independent Coke Producers Assoc
9、iation Institute of Weights and Measures Administration National Federation of Coke Distributors Associations Solid Smokeless Fuels Federation Womens Advisory Committee of BSI Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 6553 December 1990 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
10、BS3142-3:1970 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Introduction deleted 1 Scope 1 2 Sampling and preparation of samples 1 3 Calorific value 1 4 Undersize 1 5 Fire performance tests 1 6 Assessment of results 1 Appendix A Sampling procedure 2 Appendix B
11、 Preparation of samples for testing 3 Appendix C Determination of calorific value as despatched 4 Appendix D Determination of undersize 4 Appendix E Fire performance tests 4 Appendix F Alternative method of fire performance testing 6 Appendix G Assessment of results 8 Appendix H Method of checking t
12、he Moll thermopile calibration 9 Appendix J deleted Figure 1 Details of test setting for fire performance tests 10 Figure 2 Development of metal gather 12 Figure 3 Newtone grate and fret 13 Figure 4 Ignition burner 14 Figure 5 Water-cooled back for non-compensated Moll thermopile 15 Figure 6 Thermop
13、ile position for performance tests 16 Figure 7 Refuelling jig 17 Figure 8 The London/Fulham Mark II inset open fire 18 Table 1 Alternative methods of assessing results 8BS3142-3:1970 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards and CodeofPractice: BS 410,
14、Specification for test sieves. BS 792, Specification for mild steel dustbins. BS 1016, Methods for the analysis and testing of coal and coke. BS 1016-1, Total moisture of coal. BS 1016-2, Total moisture of coke. BS 1016-3, Proximate analysis of coal. BS 1016-4, Moisture, volatile matter and ash in t
15、he analysis sample of coke. BS 1016-5, Gross calorific value of coal and coke. BS 1016-13, Tests special to coke. BS 1016-18, Size analysis of coal. BS 1017, Methods for sampling coal and coke. BS 1017-1, Sampling of coal. BS 1017-2, Sampling of coke. BS 1251, Specification for open-fireplace compon
16、ents. This Part of BS3142 has been prepared under the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee. A minor amendment, published in 1990, deleted references to asbestos-containing material for reasons of safety. The specification provides for one size range of specially reactive f
17、uels, made by the partial carbonization of coal, and intended for use with all types of domestic open fire. An alternative fire performance test is included. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for thei
18、r correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1to18 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may
19、 have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3142-3:1970 BSI 08-1999 1 Introduction deleted 1 Scope This British Standard specifies the requirements of quality control at producers works for specially reactive open fire fuels for use on
20、 all types of domestic open fires. 2 Sampling and preparation of samples Regular sampling of fuels produced to this standard shall be carried out at producers works. The samples shall be collected in the manner described inAppendix A and shall be prepared for testing in the manner described inAppend
21、ix B. 3 Calorific value When tested in the manner described inAppendix C the meancalorific value, as despatched from producersworks, shall be not less than 25 600 kJ/kg (11 000 Btu/lb). 4 Undersize When tested in the manner described inAppendix D the mean proportion of fuel passing a 19 mm (# in) me
22、sh BStest sieve 1)shall not exceed 7%. 5 Fire performance tests When tested in the stool bottomgrate in the manner described inAppendix E, fuels shall conform to the following requirements. InAppendix F, provision is made for the use of an inset grate for fire performance testing, where it can be de
23、monstrated that the fuel would meet the fire performance requirements of the specification if tested by the method ofAppendix E. The alternative fire performance requirements are also given inAppendix F. 6 Assessment of results The method of assessing the results is given inAppendix G. 1) BS410, “Te
24、st sieves” Ignition time. The mean time for the radiation output to reach 630 W/m 2(200Btu/ft 2h) using4220kJ (4000 Btu) of gas for ignition shall not exceed 35 min. Three peak radiation test. The mean peak value for the third peak shall not be less than945 W/m 2(300 Btu/ft 2h).BS3142-3:1970 2 BSI 0
25、8-1999 Appendix A Sampling procedure A.1 Introduction This appendix outlines the methods to be followed and the precautions to be observed in taking samples. A.2 Frequency of sampling Sampling shall normally be carried out on every day on which fuel is despatched from the producers works. Samples sh
26、all be taken at such times in the course of each week that the whole loading period is covered. A.3 Methods of sampling Individual works differ in their procedure of fuel handling. Some works despatch fuel in weighed bags, some in bulk and others by both methods. Two methods of sampling are specifie
27、d, one for sampling where fuel is filled into bags, the other where the fuel is loaded in bulk. The two procedures are described inA.5 andA.6 respectively. It is important to ensure that the samples taken reflect the quality and consistency of the fuel despatched. This requires special attention whe
28、re the fuel is despatched either from more than one point 2)or both in bags and in bulk. For some plants this can be achieved by using only one method to sample the fuel despatched. Two such examples are as follows. Example 1. If both the bag and the bulk loading points are fitted with similar de-br
29、eezing or guard screens it is probable that the fuel from each point will have the same size distribution. If this is found to be so, all samples can be taken from the bag loading points by the method described inA.5, provided that all such points are covered in the sampling scheme. Example 2. If th
30、e fuel for despatch alternates between two bulk loading points and it is not practicable to obtain samples from one of these points, all the samples may be taken from the other loading point, provided that there are no differences in operating procedure which could introduce a significant bias. For
31、plants where a significant difference is found between samples of the fuel loaded from different despatch points it will be necessary to include all such points in the sampling scheme, samples being taken from each by the methods described inA.5 andA.6 with a frequency roughly proportional to the qu
32、antity of fuel loaded from that point. A.4 Stock and “imported” fuel Any fuel taken from stock or imported from other works, which forms a part of the fuel bagged or loaded in bulk for despatch, shall be taken into account in the scheme of sampling. Where such fuel is returned to the screening plant
33、 and mixed with current production for despatch, no special arrangements are required. Where fuel is loaded direct from stock heaps, an appropriate number of the samples shall be taken from this fuel. As a rough guide the frequency of sampling from stock heaps should depend on the proportions loaded
34、 from stock and direct from current production. A.5 Bag sampling When sampling 50 kg (1 cwt) bags of fuel, two bags shall be taken together each day that fuel is despatched from those filled for despatch. One of those bags shall be used as the sample for the determination of calorific value, the oth
35、er for the fire performance and undersize tests. If smaller bags are being filled, sufficient bags shall be taken to provide the two 50 kg (1 cwt) samples. After the samples have been taken, the fuel shall not be left in the bags, as this may lead to changes in size or moisture content or both. Unle
36、ss, therefore, the samples are to be prepared immediately for testing by the methods described inAppendix B, they shall be transferred at once to closeable containers 3)of metal or other suitable material, which shall immediately be closed. A.6 Sampling during bulk loading Two samples shall be taken
37、 each day that fuel is despatched. One of these samples shall be used for the determination of calorific value, the other for the fire performance and undersize tests. The weight of each sample shall be approximately 50 kg (1cwt) and in no circumstances greater than 100 kg (2cwt). 2) “Point of despa
38、tch” refers to the point in the works at which either bags, wagons or lorries are loaded immediately prior to despatch. 3) Sanitary dustbins with tight-fitting lids in accordance with BS 792, “Mild steel dustbins”, are suitable for this purpose.BS3142-3:1970 BSI 08-1999 3 Sampling shall be carried o
39、ut either at the loading point or at some position between the last screen (final de-breezing screen, if fitted) and the loading point. Each sample should be taken either as one or as a series of increments each of which shall not be less than 4.5 kg (10 lb) with the loading boom or conveyor tempora
40、rily stopped, the whole cross section of the fuel being taken. Alternatively, the increments may be collected at a point where the fuel is falling freely and taken so that the whole cross section of the stream is sampled at once. When the fuel is bulk loaded into wagons and it is not practicable to
41、obtain a sample prior to loading, a wagon may be unloaded and a representative sample taken in increments from the fuel discharged from that wagon. Unless the samples are to be prepared immediately for testing, they shall be transferred at once to closeable containers 4)of metal or other suitable ma
42、terial which shall immediately be closed. Appendix B Preparation of samples for testing B.1 Introduction The two samples of fuel, taken as described inAppendix A each day that the fuel is despatched from the works, shall be used for the following determinations as required: B.2 Calorific value The w
43、hole of Sample A shall be used for the preparation of a sub-sample for the determination of the calorific value as despatched from the producers works. According to whether the fuel is considered for analytical purposes to be of a “coke type” or a “coal type”, one of the following procedures shall b
44、e used. (For the purposes of this specification a “coke type” fuel is defined as “the solid product of carbonization, generally at a temperature in excess of 900 C, of a charge consisting predominantly of bituminous coal”, see BS1016-5 5) , 2.1 5); a “coal type” fuel covers all specially reactive so
45、lid fuels produced by other manufacturing processes.) 1) “Coke type. A 1 kg (2 lb) 6)total moisture sample shall be taken and prepared as described in BS1017-2 7) , Section 7. After drying, a 60 g sub-sample of “through 212 m” fuel shall be prepared as described in BS 1017-2 7) , Section 8, for the
46、determination of calorific value as described in Appendix C. 2) “Coal type”. A 1 kg (2 lb) 6)total moisture sample shall be taken and prepared as described in BS1017-1 8) , Section 6. A 250 g sub-sample of “through 212 m” fuel shall also be taken and prepared as described in BS1017-1 8) , Section 5,
47、 for the determination of calorific value as described inAppendix C. B.3 Undersize The whole of Sample B shall be spread in a single layer on a hard clean surface and a sub-sample removed by filling a 0.056 m 3(2 ft 3 ) bulk density box, taking increments each of about 0.7 kg (1lb) evenly distribute
48、d over the sample. The remainder of the sample shall be used for the determination of undersize as described inAppendix D. B.4 Fire performance The sub-sample obtained from the 0.056 m 3(2 ft 3 ) box (seeB.3) shall be used for the determination of the bulk density of the fuel, using the procedure de
49、scribed in BS1016-13 9)(the determination shall be carried out with the fuel at approximately the same moisture content as for the fire performance test). The sub-sample shall then be spread into a single layer on a hard, clean surface and a weight equivalent to 0.0095 m 3(0.335 ft 3 ) shall be collected by taking increments each of about 0.7 kg (1 lb) and evenly distributed over the sub-sample. This fuel shall be used for the ignition test as described inAppendix E. The further quantity of fuel required, when necessary, for the three peak radiati
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