1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3238-1: 1960 Graphical symbols for components of servo-mechanisms Part 1: Transductors and Magnetic AmplifiersBS3238-1:1960 This British Standard, having been approved by the InstrumentIndustry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council
2、, was publishedunder the authority ofthe General Council on 25 May 1960 BSI 04-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference INE/1/2 andINE/1/2/2. Draft for comment CY (INE) 5411 ISBN 0 580 347656 Co-operating organizations The Instrument Industry Standar
3、ds Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Scientific Workers British Ceramic Research Association British Clock and Watch Manufacturers As
4、sociation British Electrical and Allied Industries Research Association British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association* British Industrial Measuring and Control Apparatus Manufacturers Association* British Iron and Steel Federation* British Nautical Instrument Trade Association British Rail
5、ways, The British Transport Commission British Scientific Instrument Research Association Council of British Manufacturers of Petroleum Equipment* Electricity Council, The Generating Board and the Area Boards in England and Wales Engineering Equipment Users Association Gauge and Tool Makers Associat
6、ion Institute of Physics Institution of Chemical Engineers Institution of Electrical Engineers* Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Iron and Steel Institute Meteorological Office Ministry of Aviation* Ministry of Health Ministry of Housing and Local G
7、overnment National Coal Board National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.) Oil Companies Materials Association* Radio Industry Council Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association* Society of Instrument Technology Water-tube Boilermakers Association* The Government department and scientific and indust
8、rial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard: Admiralty Electronic Engineering Association Institution of Gas Engineers Society of British Aircraft Constructors Li
9、mited War Office Individual companies Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS3238-1:1960 BSI 04-2000 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. Transductor component symbols 1 Section 2. Typical transductor symbols and circuits 2 Section
10、 3. Magnetic amplifier symbols 6 Appendix Notes on polarity markings 8 Figure 1 Transductor core 1 Figure 2 Transductor power windings 1 Figure 3 Transductor excitation (control, bias, self-excitation, etc.) windings 1 Figure 4 Examples of simple transductors 2 Figure 5 Series transductor circuit 2
11、Figure 6 Parallel transductor circuit 2 Figure 7 Series transductor with separate self-excitation 2 Figure 8 Parallel transductor circuit with separate self-excitation 3 Figure 9 Auto-self excited parallel transductor circuit 3 Figure 10 Auto-self excited full wave rectifying transductor circuit 3 F
12、igure 11 Auto-self excited bridge rectifying transductor circuit 3 Figure 12 Fundamental frequency magnetic modulator transductorcircuitwith series output windings 4 Figure 13 Fundamental frequency magnetic modulator transductorcircuitwith parallel output windings 4 Figure 14 Second harmonic magneti
13、c modulator transductor circuitwithseries supply windings 4 Figure 15 Second harmonic magnetic modulator transductor circuitwithparallel windings 4 Figure 16 Half wave bridge transductor circuit 5 Figure 17 Three phase transductor circuit 5 Figure 18 Magnetic amplifier (block diagram symbol) 6 Figur
14、e 19 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol) with singlesidedd.c.output 6 Figure 20a Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol) with singlesideda.c.output 6 Figure 20b Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol) with singlesideda.c.output 6 Figure 21 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol).
15、 Withfourterminalpush-pull d.c. output 7 Figure 22 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol). With fourterminalpush-pull a.c. output 7 Figure 23 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol). With twoterminalpush-pull d.c. output 7 Figure 24 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol). With twotermi
16、nalpush-pull a.c. output 7BS3238-1:1960 ii BSI 04-2000 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS822, Recommendations for terminal markings for electrical machinery and apparatus. BS1523, Glossary of terms used in automatic controlling and regulating systems: Secti
17、on 5, Components of servo-mechanisms. This British Standard tabulates standard graphical symbols for transductors and magnetic amplifiers; it is the first section of a more comprehensive publication which is intended to serve as a companion standard to BS1523:Section5:1954 and to contain standard gr
18、aphical symbols for the Components of servo-mechanisms, defined therein. Part1has been published in advance of the more comprehensive document in response to a number of requests received from Industry for the early publication of standard symbols for transductors. The many types of transductor vary
19、 greatly in complexity and function; illustrations are given of a number of typical transductors using certain basic component symbols, in a form suitable for the more derailed type of circuit diagram. A section on graphical symbols for magnetic amplifiers has been included. Although these amplifier
20、s all contain transductors there is considered to be a requirement for a simpler type of symbol with detached excitation windings for use when magnetic amplifiers have to be shown in less detail in circuit and schematic diagrams. The graphical symbols here tabulated have been accepted by representat
21、ives of both manufacturers and users of servo-control apparatus, and are also in accordance with other British Standards denoting graphical symbols for electrical engineering and telecommunication. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of Br
22、itish Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cov
23、er. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3238-1:1960 BSI 04-2000 1 Section 1. Transductor component symbols Figure 1 Transductor core NOTEThe symbolindicates that the sa
24、turable properties of the core are being utilized. Figure 2 Transductor power windings PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE NOTE 1For methods of indicating the polarity in relation to other windings seeAppendix and Figure 4 to Figure 17. NOTE 2Ref. in BS 1523 (5):5226 Figure 3 Transductor excitation (control, bias
25、, self-excitation, etc.) windings NOTE 1One or all of these symbols may be used in the same diagram, the size being a matter of convenience in the layout. Symbols (a) and (b) will be drawn with lines thicker than the general wiring. Dots indicate points of same instantaneous polarity. For methods of
26、 indicating the polarity in relation to other windings see Appendix and Figure 4 to Figure 17. NOTE 2Ref. in BS 1523 (5):5228.BS3238-1:1960 2 BSI 04-2000 Section 2. Typical transductor symbols and circuits In the following Figure 4 to Figure 17 the core saturation symbolshall always embrace the core
27、 and the power winding but may also embrace an excitation winding. When terminal markings are not available, “dots” on windings indicate points having the same instantaneous polarity (see Appendix). Figure 4 Examples of simple transductors NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5223. Figure 5 Series transductor cir
28、cuit NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5233. Figure 6 Parallel transductor circuit NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5234. Figure 7 Series transductor with separate self-excitation NOTERef. in BS 1523 (5):5235.BS3238-1:1960 BSI 04-2000 3 Figure 8 Parallel transductor circuit with separate self-excitation NOTERef. in BS15
29、23 (5):5236. Figure 9 Auto-self excited parallel transductorcircuit NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5238. Figure 10 Auto-self excited full wave rectifying transductor circuit NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5239. Figure 11 Auto-self excited bridge rectifying transductor circuit NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5240.BS3238-1:19
30、60 4 BSI 04-2000 Figure 12 Fundamental frequency magnetic modulator transductor circuit with series output windings NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5242. Figure 13 Fundamental frequency magnetic modulator transductor circuit with parallel output windings NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5242. Figure 14 Second harmonic
31、 magnetic modulator transductor circuit with seriessupply windings NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5243. Figure 15 Second harmonic magnetic modulator transductor circuit with parallel windings NOTERef. in BS1523 (5):5243.BS3238-1:1960 BSI 04-2000 5 Figure 16 Half wave bridge transductor circuit Figure 17 Thr
32、ee phase transductor circuitBS3238-1:1960 6 BSI 04-2000 Section 3. Magnetic amplifiers Figure 18 Magnetic amplifier (blockdiagram symbol) Figure 19 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol) with single sided d.c. output NOTE 1The significance of the “dot” is as follows: When current flows into the
33、 dotted end of an excitation winding, the dotted output terminal goes more positive (seeAppendix). NOTE 2The symbolis optional. Figure 20a Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol) with single sided a.c. output NOTE 1The significance of the “dot” is as follows: When current flows into the dotted e
34、nd of an excitation winding, the output is increased. Also dots indicate relative instantaneous polarity of supply and output (see Appendix). NOTE 2See Figure 19, Note 2. Figure 20b Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol) with single sided a.c. output. (Polarities indicated by terminal marking)
35、NOTE 1There is no particular significance in the choice of terminal letters used. NOTE 2See Figure 19, Note 2.BS3238-1:1960 BSI 04-2000 7 The following push-pull amplifiers have been shown in such a way that it is possible to indicate separate action of individual excitation windings on particular s
36、ides of the amplifiers. Where this is unnecessary the excitation windings may be shown simply, with a single broken line for linking, as in Figure 19. Figure 21 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol). With four terminal push-pull d.c. output NOTE 1The significance of the “dot” is shown as follo
37、ws: When current flows into the dotted end of an excitation winding, the dotted output is increased (see Appendix). NOTE 2See Figure 19, Note 2. Figure 22 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol). With four terminal push-pull a.c. output NOTE 1See Figure 21, Note 1. Also dots indicate relative in
38、stantaneous polarity of supply and output. NOTE 2See Figure 19, Note 2. Figure 23 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol). With two terminal push-pull d.c. output NOTE 1The significance of the “dot” is as follows: When current flows into the dotted end of an excitation winding, the dotted output
39、 terminal goes more positive (seeAppendix). NOTE 2See Figure 19, Note 2. Figure 24 Magnetic amplifier (circuit diagram symbol). With two terminal push-pull a.c. output NOTE 1With two terminal push-pull a.c. output, when the current flows into the dotted ends of the excitation windings the dotted out
40、put terminal has the same instantaneous polarity as the dotted a.c. supply terminal. NOTE 2See Figure 19, Note 2.BS3238-1:1960 8 BSI 04-2000 Appendix Notes on polarity markings A.1 Conventions used and their applications In making the internal connections of transductors the polarities of the windin
41、gs must be known and the connections made appropriately. Often the polarities of the windings of transformers used in conjunction with transductors are likewise of importance. Two conventions are recommended to indicate these polarities on diagrams; the first, which should always be used when the te
42、rminal markings can be shown, is that indicated in BS822, “Recommendations for terminal markings for electrical machinery and apparatus”. The second, which will be found useful when terminal markings are not known, is the dot convention described in some detail below. A.2 Polarity convention indicat
43、ed in BS822 When terminal markings are shown, the lower-numbered or single-lettered terminals of each pair have the same instantaneous polarity. For instance, with control or excitation windings labelled X1, X2, Y1, Y2and output terminals labelled O1, O2, the terminals X1, Y1, and O1have by conventi
44、on the same instantaneous polarity. A.3 “Dot” convention used on transductor and transformer windings a) For a number of windings embracing a single core. The dots on the windings indicate points having the same instantaneous polarity resulting from a given flux change in the core. In the general ca
45、se when there are a number of cores and a number of windings, some embracing one core, some two cores, etc., the same general principle applies. b) General case. The dots on the windings embracing a particular core indicate points having the same instantaneous polarity resulting from a given flux ch
46、ange in that core (all windings embracing more than one core assumed to be open-circuited). Alternatively, it follows that if current flows into the dotted ends of a number of windings, the mmfs acting on cores embraced by these windings are additive. This is relevant when considering the action of
47、a number of excitation windings supplied from different circuits. It is also relevant when predicting the effect of excitation winding mmfs on the power winding circuits and hence on the magnetic amplifier output. A.4 “Dot” conventions used on magnetic amplifier circuit diagram symbols The “dot” con
48、vention has been extended to indicate relative polarities of outputs and inputs of magnetic amplifiers (and of a.c. outputs with respect to the a.c. supply terminals) when the magnetic amplifier symbols (Section 3) are used. The general principle adhered to is that dots are placed adjacent to termin
49、als having the same instantaneous polarity. a) “Dot” convention used on a.c. supply and a.c. output terminals. Dots on a.c. supply and a.c. output terminals indicate points of same instantaneous polarity, i.e., when the dotted a.c. supply terminal is instantaneously positive with respect to the other a.c. supply terminal then the dotted a.c. load terminal is positive with respect to the other load terminal see Figure 20 and Figure 22. Figure 24 is a special case
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