1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3446-3: 1990 Glossary of Terms associated with refractory materials Part3: Applications in the metallurgical industriesBS3446-3:1990 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Refractory Products Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe authorit
2、y of the BoardofBSI and comes intoeffecton 30November1990 BSI12-1999 First published May1962 Second edition in Parts November1990 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RPM/7 Draft for comment87/39012 DC ISBN 0 580 18448 X Committees responsible for thi
3、s BritishStandard The preparation of this BritishStandard was entrusted by the Refractory Products Standards Policy Committee (RPM/-) to Technical Committee RPM/7, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Coal Corporation Brit
4、ish Steel Industry Department of Trade and Industry (Minerals and Metals Division) Refractories Association of Great Britain Society of Glass Technology Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS3446-3:1990 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front co
5、ver Foreword ii Section 9. Metallurgical industries 9.1 Iron making 1 9.2 Steelmaking 14 9.3 Steel casting 18 9.4 Secondary steelmaking 24 9.5 Heat treatment and reheating furnaces 26 9.6 Non-ferrous metals industry 28 Figure 1 Tuyere stock assembly 6 Figure 2 External combustion stove 8 Figure 3 In
6、ternal combustion stove 9 Figure 4 Types of external combustion stove 10 Figure 5 Internal combustion stove: mushroom dome (self-supporting design) 10 Figure 6 Torpedo ladle 13 Figure 7 Open-hearth furnace 18 Figure 8 Bottom teeming refractory shapes 22 Figure 9 Typical tundish continuous casting 25
7、 Figure 10 Types of vacuum degassing vessel 26 Index 32 Publication referred to Inside back coverBS3446-3:1990 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This Part of BS3446 has been prepared under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Policy Committee. Together with Parts1 and2 it forms a revision of BS3
8、446:1962, which is withdrawn. Much of the work in preparing BS3446 was conducted under a joint BSI/DTI 1)Consultancy Scheme. BS3446 is published in three Parts: Part1: General and manufacturing (sections1 to6); Part2: Applications in the coke, glass, cement and other non-metallurgical industries (se
9、ctions7 and8); Part3: Applications in the metallurgical industries (section9). Terms are listed alphabetically within each section. Each term has an individual number consisting of five digits in two parts, the first of two digits, the second of three. The first two digits represent the number of th
10、e section and subsection. The third digit represents the number of the sub-subsection (in the case of subsections9.4, 9.5 and9.6, the third digit is0 as these subsections have no divisions into sub-subsections). The last two digits represent the place that the term occupies within the sub-subsection
11、. Alternative terms are given below the preferred term. These terms are not individually numbered, but are included in the index with a reference to the preferred term. Terms of more than one word, e.g.“blast furnace”, are written in a direct style, not as “furnace, blast”. Italicized words indicate
12、 terms that are defined elsewhere in this Part of BS3446. The definitions presented in this Part of BS3446 give the general meaning of terms, and should not be interpreted as being legally binding. NOTEThe title of the publication referred to in this Part of BS3446 is listed on the insidebackcover.
13、A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises
14、a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to34, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) Department of Trade and In
15、dustry.BS3446-3:1990 BSI 12-1999 1 Section 9. Metallurgical applications 9.1 Iron making 91 100 Blast furnace No. Term Definition 91 101 blast furnace A tall conically-shaped furnace of sturdy construction using heavy duty steel shellplate. It is internally lined with high duty refractory products a
16、nd incorporates differing water-cooling arrangements to preserve the refractory lining. Capacities range from2000t to10000t per day and furnaces are operated continuously over many years before repair. Theraw materials of coke and ferrous materials are elevated and charged into the top of the furnac
17、e. Preheated air blast is blown in near its base, to generate the high temperature and reducing gases required for the complex smelting process to produce liquid iron. The process is continuous and the accumulation of liquid iron is tapped at intervals from the furnace hearth. 91 102 blow down The a
18、ction whereby the level of the burden materials in the furnace is lowered, e.g.into the bosh. The remaining burden materials are sealed over to allow internal repair work, after which the furnace is restarted. 91 103 blow-in lining blowing-in lining non-preferred A sacrificial lining of refractory,
19、installed normally from bosh to hearth pad, to protect the permanent lining on recommissioning a furnace after replacement of the refractory lining. 91 104 blown out The condition when a furnace has been taken out of production on a permanent basis, or in preparation for a reline or major repair. 91
20、 105 blowpipe A short straight length of pipe, connecting the goose neck and the tuyere and using a spherical seating design on one or more joints. The pipe is usually of heat-resisting steel and refractory-lined. 91 106 bosh The zone between tuyere level and bosh parallel, built with an inward batt
21、er. An area of intense process activity. The bosh is lined with high quality refractories and intensively cooled by either: a) internal copper plates; or b) external stave coolers or other external cooling. 91 107 bosh parallel belly non-preferred A relatively short cylindrical section of the stack,
22、 situated immediately above the bosh level of the furnace. It is refractory-lined and cooled. 91 108 breeches piece The refractory-lined section of the furnace top gas-collection system, where all four gas uptakes eventually merge into one common main to connect with the furnace downcomer. 91 109 bu
23、stle main A large diameter steel tube, internally lined with refractories, encircling the furnace at upper bosh level. It has a series of equidistant blast exit ports on its underside coincident with furnace tuyere positions. 91 110 casing shell, jacket, both non-preferred The metal casing of a blas
24、t furnace enclosing the refractory brickwork. 91 111 cast house A building adjacent to, or surrounding, the bottom of the furnace above the taphole(s), housing the runner systems transporting liquid iron to transfer ladles and diverting slag into ladles, pits or other disposal methods.BS3446-3:1990
25、2 BSI 12-1999 No. Term Definition 91 112 casting tapping non-preferred A term describing the extraction of liquid iron and slag from the furnace hearth via a taphole. 91 113 clay gun taphole gun non-preferred A heavy duty barrel and nozzle, with an internal clay extruding mechanism, pivoted from a p
26、edestal adjacent to the furnace taphole and used to ram clay mixtures into the taphole. 91 114 downcomer A large diameter refractory-lined main, collecting blast furnace gas from the top of the furnace and directing it down to the primary gas cleaning facility. 91 115 downleg tuyere stock non-prefer
27、red A short straight length of refractory-lined main, located between the bustle main, swan neck and the goose neck. Itincorporates an expansion allowance system. 91 116 dustcatcher A large steel vessel which provides the primary stage of gas cleaning, allowing rapid gas expansion and deposition of
28、dust particles. 91 117 external cooling A term used for a cooling system applied externally to the refractory lining. It can be either spray-water cooling of the shellplate, stave cooler segments, or double shell cooling. 91 118 free standing furnace A blast furnace in which all support of top-gear
29、and mechanical loadings is transmitted to four or more columns of sturdy construction: the columns are built adjacent to, but independent of the blast furnace proper, i.e.not incorporating a lintel arrangement. 91 119 gas offtakes Four refractory-lined large diameter angled mains, equally located ar
30、ound the furnace top cone, to collect gas products. 91 120 gas uptake A vertical main, connecting gas offtakes to a common breeches piece and bleeder valve. The system is refractory-lined. 91 121 goose neck A refractory-lined iron or steel casting, used for directional change of the blast at the bas
31、e of the tuyere stock for entry into the tuyere blowpipe, using a spherical seating design. 91 122 grouting The technique of injecting refractory material, by pumping from outside the furnace, in order to seal localized voids in the lining which have arisen during furnace operation, or to create a n
32、ew lining. 91 123 hearth pad A deep layer of refractory, forming the base of the furnace, to collect and contain the liquid products of slag and iron. It is often designed and constructed using large carbon blocks, but it sometimes incorporates ceramic (oxide) refractories. The hearth pad may be pro
33、tected by underhearth cooling. 91 124 hearth sidewall hearth annulus non-preferred An area which, with the hearth pad, forms a well to collect the liquid slag and iron produced in the furnace. It is encased in heavy duty steel shellplate and is usually lined with highly conductive carbon/graphite re
34、fractories. The area is heavily cooled externally by water spray systems or, alternatively, by large stave cooler segments. 91 125 hearth volume The internal volume determined from the centre of the tuyeres to the centreline of the taphole. 91 126 internal cooling A system of plate coolers installed
35、 horizontally within the thickness of the refractory lining. 91 127 lintel A heavy duty ring girder supported by equidistant heavy steel columns (the columns are based on a foundation block). The lintel is used to support the furnace stack and all the top structure.BS3446-3:1990 BSI 12-1999 3 No. Te
36、rm Definition 91 128 lintel furnace A furnace where the top gear is supported on the stack shell which is in turn supported by a lintel arrangement and columns. (See free standing furnace.) 91 129 lower stack Denotes the lower section of the furnace stack which is a zone of high dynamic process acti
37、vity and which needs high duty refractory lining and intense cooling by internal copper plate coolers and/or external stave coolers. 91 130 main runner trough non-preferred The first section of the cast house runner system leading from the taphole. 91 131 mid stack Denotes the mid section of the fur
38、nace stack. This is lined with dense refractory brickwork incorporating an intensive internal cooling arrangement, generally using plate coolers or, alternatively, external stave coolers. 91 132 plate cooler A fabricated steel or copper casting with internal labyrinth for water cooling of the refrac
39、tory lining. 91 133 quench down flood down non-preferred The treatment of a furnace taken out of service when full of burden material and requiring rapid water cooling from its top before emptying it prior to a reline. 91 134 reline The procedure in which a furnace undergoes a complete renewal of it
40、s refractory lining at the conclusion of its campaign. 91 135 runner system Main runners, along which molten iron or slag runs from the blast furnace. 91 136 salamander Residual liquid iron-slag entrapped in the hearth well, below taphole level, after the final cast before a furnace reline. It is ex
41、tracted by drilling through and/or oxygen lancing the refractory lining of the hearth pad or hearth sidewalls. 91 137 secondary runner rundown non-preferred The section of the runner system immediately after the slag and iron have been separated at the skimmer-dam. Thisdirects the hot metal into a t
42、ransportation ladle, or into additional iron runners where more than one ladle is used. NOTEThe term used (secondary runner or rundown) varies on different works. 91 138 shuttle A similar function to a tilting runner, but moves horizontally. 91 139 skimmer-dam A preformed refractory block, inserted
43、inside the main runner, with limited clearance at the base. It allows rapid separation of liquid iron and slag. 91 140 slag notch An annular insert of copper cooling members. A slag notch is used to drain off slag as required and is located at the top of the hearth level. 91 141 soaking bar A steel
44、rod used in conjunction with the taphole drill. This is inserted into a partially-drilled taphole to transfer heat and to dry out the clay mixture used in sealing the taphole. 91 142 spool tap, turret, both non-preferred A short circular or oval-shaped steel stub piece, internally-lined with refract
45、ory materials and attached to the furnace shellplate at the aperture of the furnace taphole to form an extension of the taphole proper. It is designed to guide more easily the flow of iron or slag, during casting, directly into the main runner below. It is usually externally water-cooled. NOTEThis i
46、s not to be confused with the turret of the torpedo ladle.BS3446-3:1990 4 BSI 12-1999 No. Term Definition 91 143 stack The refractory-lined upper part of the furnace between lintel or bosh parallel and the throat. A stack is widely understood to comprise three sections, namely upper stack, mild stac
47、k and lower stack. 91 144 stave cooler A thick cast steel segment with an internal water cooling labyrinth. It is used for the purposes of external cooling of the lining, and is installed in rings inside the furnace shellplate. 91 145 swan neck A short length of refractory-lined angled main, fixed t
48、o the bustle main, and connecting it with the downleg. 91 146 taphole (1) iron notch non-preferred A hole, inclined upwards from inside to outside of the furnace through the hearth sidewall, typically1.5m to2.0m above hearth pad level. Each furnace is equipped with one to four tapholes, depending on
49、 size. The hole is sealed with a taphole clay plug which is drilled for casting. The material surrounding the hole could be the same or different from that of the hearth sidewall. 91 147 taphole clay A semi-plastic refractory mass used to seal the taphole on completion of casting. The taphole clay is administered by use of a clay gun. 91 148 taphole drill A rotary drill which is pivoted from a pedestal adjacent to the taphole to enable the drilling of a60mm to90mm diameter hole into the taphole plug for casting purposes. 91 149 throat (1) A relatively
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