BS 3618-1-1969 Glossary of mining terms - Planning and surveying《采掘术语 第1部分 计划和测量》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3618-1: 1969 Glossary of Mining terms Section 1 Planning and SurveyingBS3618-1:1969 This BritishStandard, having been approved by the Mining andQuarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee,was published underthe authorityof the Executive Boardon 28February1969 BSI12-1999 Firs

2、t published May1963 First revision February1969 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MQE/17 Draft for approval68/19859 ISBN 580 04439 4 Co-operating organizations The Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervisio

3、n this BritishStandard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government department and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Mining Electrical and Mechanical Engineers* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association British Steel Industry Federation

4、of Associations of Mining Equipment Manufacturers Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mining Engineers* Mechanical Handling Engineers Association Ministry of Power* National Association of Colliery Managers* National Coal Board* The Government depar

5、tment and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this BritishStandard: University of Birmingham University of London University of Nottingham University of Strathcly

6、de Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS3618-1:1969 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Glossary 1BS3618-1:1969 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This glossary has been prepared, under the authority of the Mining and Quarrying Requisites

7、 Industry Standards Committee, in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the technical terms in current use in mining in the UnitedKingdom. Although the majority of the terms are necessarily concerned with coalmining, account has been taken of terms used in other forms of mining and of quarrying. T

8、he need for this glossary arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within the industry, and the prevalent use of more than one synonym, some purely local in origin, to indicate specific meanings. The glossary has been issued in a number of sections, according to subject matter as f

9、ollows: Section 1: Planning and surveying; Section 2: Ventilation; Section 3: Boring and exploration; Section 4: Drainage; Section 5: Geology; Section 6: Drilling and blasting; Section 7: Electrical engineering and lighting; Section 8: Winning and working; Section 9: Shafts and associated equipment;

10、 Section 10: Transport; Section 11: Strata control. As Section1, “Planning and surveying”, this was the first publication in the BS3618 series. In the normal process of periodical review it was seen that a number of modifications and additions were desirable; therefore, since the previous edition wa

11、s issued as long ago as1963, it was decided to publish a revision incorporating these changes. In compiling the glossary account has been taken of the fact that terms primarily associated with coal are separately defined in BS3323, “Glossary of coal terms”, and terms relating to coal preparation are

12、 defined in BS3552, “Glossary of terms used in coal preparation”. The following factors also have applied in the statement, selection and definition of terms: 1) Where two or more terms are grouped together, the term which is favoured is printed first and in heavy type. It is hoped that such preferr

13、ed terms will gradually displace the non-preferred terms. The non-preferred terms of a group are printed in small capital letters. Where the use of any term is considered to be undesirable it is marked deprecated. 2) Generally, only terms which have a specific meaning in this field have been include

14、d. Where a technical term has an accepted meaning in other fields of engineering it has been omitted; the few exceptions are terms which are of particular importance in mining. 3) Purely local terms are not defined, but those of sufficient importance are included as non-preferred terms. 4) Obsolete

15、terms are excluded.BS3618-1:1969 BSI 12-1999 iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal oblig

16、ations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesitoiv, pages1 to5 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv bla

17、nkBS3618-1:1969 BSI 12-1999 1 Glossary Term Definition abandonment plans The plans, drawings and sections required by law to be sent to the District Inspector of Mines, following the abandonment of a seam or mine. abney clinometer Seeabney level. abney level ABNEY CLINOMETER A hand-held instrument f

18、or measuring inclinations. alignment Seeco-planing. anaglyph A map so drawn in two colours that a three-dimensional picture is obtained when seen through a special viewing device. arbitrary line A reference line, the direction of which does not necessarily coincide with cardinal direction. assumed n

19、orth A direction assumed to be north for reference purposes. auxiliary telescope A telescope, fitted parallel to the main telescope of a theodolite, for measuring and setting out horizontal and vertical angles where the main telescope cannot be used. azimuth of a line The angle measured clockwise fr

20、om the northerly direction of the geographic meridian to the direction of the line. barrier Mineral or ground left unworked so as to separate workings from each other or from a natural hazard. baseline 1. A line, the horizontal length of which has been determined with great precision. Such lines are

21、 used to control the linear scale of a triangulation system. 2. A line established underground, usually in an area where ground movement is negligible, the length and bearing of which is determined with precision. Such lines are used for the control of traverses through unstable areas where it is im

22、possible to establish permanent surveying stations. base plate Seemeasuring plate. bore journal A tabular record of the characteristics and thicknesses of strata intersected by a borehole. borehole survey 1. A survey to determine the precise position of various points on the central axis of a boreho

23、le. 2. A survey to obtain information about the strata intersected by a borehole. boundary The limit of working of a mine. catalogue of abandoned mines A record of plans of abandoned mines which gives the location of the workings, the minerals worked, the custodian of the plans, and references as to

24、 the approximate extent of the workings within specified6 inch ordnance sheets. cautionary zone A zone in which unworked coal lies at or less than a specified distance from unconsolidated deposits or other sources of danger. centre line (roadway) A line marked on the roof of a roadway to indicate th

25、e direction of the central axis of the roadway. check survey VERIFICATION SURVEY, deprecated A survey made to confirm the positions of established survey stations in the mine. colliery surveyor A surveyor appointed to carry out surveying work and to prepare plans and sections of a mine, but who is n

26、ot the surveyor for the mine. NOTEPrior to1947, “Colliery surveyor” was the title given to the “Surveyor for the mine”. The term is still used colloquially in this sense.BS3618-1:1969 2 BSI 12-1999 Term Definition composite plan 1. A mine plan showing the workings in more than one seam, usually dist

27、inguished by different colours. 2. A plan showing various physical features and properties of the strata. compressed air plan A plan showing the position and details of certain compressed air equipment in the mine. continuous azimuth method A method of traversing by which the azimuth of the survey l

28、ines is obtained from the instrument. co-planing ALIGNMENT, deprecated The process of moving the head of a theodolite laterally until its vertical axis lies in the produced vertical plane common to two plumb lines. correlation 1. The process of orientating underground survey lines or of co-ordinatin

29、g underground survey stations to the National Grid. 2. Seealso Geology section. density (of seams) 1. An indication of the spacing of seams in the strata; the seam density is said to be high if the seams are close together, or low if they are widely separated. 2. The ratio of the sum of the thicknes

30、ses of a number of adjacent seams to the thickness of an arbitrarily chosen sequence of strata. deputys district plan The plan required by law, which shows the limits of each deputys district and the meeting stations. development plan A plan showing the proposed development of the mine workings, and

31、 kept for operational purposes. disused workings Workings which are no longer in operation but which are not classified as abandoned. double setting DUAL SETTING, deprecated A levelling procedure whereby observations are duplicated by resetting the instrument to detect errors of measurement immediat

32、ely. draft LEG, deprecated A survey line in a traverse. dual setting Seedouble setting. easting The easterly component of a National Grid co-ordinate. electrical plan The plan required by law, which shows the position and details of certain electrical apparatus in the mine. electronic level A precis

33、e levelling instrument in which a pendulous device (bubble or pendulum) forms part of an electrical alternating current bridge. The deviation from vertical is indicated on a milliammeter. fire-fighting plan A plan showing the positions of items of fire-fighting equipment. (Separate plans are used fo

34、r surface buildings and underground workings.) floor station A survey station secured in the floor of a mine roadway or working face. geographic or true north The northerly direction of the geographic meridian at any terrestrial point. geological map 1. A map, required by law, showing the superficia

35、l and drift deposits. Generally referred to as the “drift” map. 2. A map showing the rocks according to their geological classification. Generally referred to as the “solid” map. grade lines Lines which define the intended grade of a roadway which is being driven. (Such lines are used to control the

36、 gradient of a roadway.)BS3618-1:1969 BSI 12-1999 3 Term Definition graphic section A drawing which shows the sequence of strata. gyroscopic compass Seegyroscopic theodolite. gyroscopic theodolite GYROSCOPIC COMPASS, deprecated MERIDIAN INDICATOR An instrument which indicates the direction of geogra

37、phic (or true) north, using the inertial properties of a rapidly rotating mass, the spin axis of which is horizontal and free to rotate about a vertical axis. (This instrument has been developed in its most precise form for application to mine orientation and borehole surveying.) holding Seetake. ho

38、ling THIRLING The meeting of two roadways driven expressly to intersect each other. (Seealso Winning and Working section.) improved dial TELESCOPIC DIAL A miners dial in which a telescope replaces the usual sighting vanes. isopachytes Lines drawn on a map showing equal vertical thicknesses of a stra

39、tum or strata. lamp cup A means for supporting a flame safety lamp on a tripod to provide a sight for surveying. layover tracing Seeoverlay tracing. leg Seedraft. linesman An assistant to a surveyor. loose-needle traversing A method of traversing in which the magnetic bearings of survey lines are se

40、parately obtained by reference to the magnetic needle. magnetic correlation The orientation of an underground survey, using the earths magnetic field. managers plan A plan of the workings kept at the office of the mine, in addition to the working plan, for everyday use by the manager. measuring plat

41、e BASE PLATE, deprecated A metal plate used to provide a stable measuring point of a temporary nature. meridian indicator Seegyroscopic theodolite. mine surveyor Seesurveyor for the mine. miners dial An underground surveying instrument for measuring and setting out angles and determining magnetic no

42、rth. mining theodolite A theodolite having particular features of design which make it suitable as an underground surveying instrument, e.g.incorporating provision for observing steeply inclined sights. (Seealso auxiliary telescope.) national grid A system of plan reference lines, in the form of a r

43、ectangular grid, used by the Ordnance Survey and based upon the transverse Mercator projection (which is also known as the Gauss Conformal Projection). national grid co-ordinates Co-ordinates, referred to the National Grid of the Ordnance Survey, which are specified in metres and consist of two comp

44、onents, an Easting and a Northing. northing The northerly component of a National Grid co-ordinate. optical centring device Seeoptical plummet. optical plummet OPTICAL CENTRING DEVICE An optical device which enables a theodolite to be accurately positioned over or under a survey station. overlay tra

45、cing LAYOVER TRACING, deprecated A tracing on which the workings in a seam are shown. A series of such tracings allows the workings in several seams to be seen in their correct horizontal relationship. parcel Seetake.BS3618-1:1969 4 BSI 12-1999 Term Definition pilot bob The weight attached to a shaf

46、t plumb line for the purpose of lowering the line down the shaft. project plans A series of plans of a proposed new colliery or reconstruction which are drawn up for the purpose of obtaining approval of the project. pumping plan A plan which shows, in addition to the workings of a mine and the seam

47、contours, the position of pumps, dams and waterlogged areas. quarterly survey An underground survey required by law to be undertaken at least once every three months for the purpose of bringing the working plans and other plans up to date. reconstruction Re-organization of the underground workings,

48、improvement of surface facilities and/or re-equipment of an existing colliery to improve its efficiency and/or increase output. rescue plans The sets of plans required by law which are suitable for use by rescue workers. reserves The quantity of mineral which is calculated to lie within given bounda

49、ries. The reserves are described as Total (or Gross), Workable or Probable Working, depending on the application of certain arbitrary limits in respect of deposit thickness, depth, quality, geological conditions and contemporary economic factors. Proved, Probable and Possible reserves are other terms used in general mining practice. roof station A survey station fixed in the roof of a mine roadway or working face. Schmidt apparatus Apparatus used to determine the position of rest of a freely swinging shaft plumb line. seam contour A line, drawn on