BS 3618-2-1971 Glossary of mining terms - Ventilation《采掘术语 第2部分 通风》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3618-2: 1971 Glossary of Mining terms Section2: VentilationBS3618-2:1971 This BritishStandard, having been approved by the Mining andQuarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committees,was published underthe authority of the Executive Board on 18February1971 BSI 12-1999 First publi

2、shed May1963 First revision February1971 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee referenceMQE/17 Draft for approval69/21048 ISBN 580 06118 3 Co-operating organizations The Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this B

3、ritishStandard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government department and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Mining Electrical and Mechanical Engineers* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association British Steel Industry Department of Trade

4、 and Industry* Engineering Equipment Users Association Federation of Associations of Mining Equipment Manufacturers Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Institute of Quarrying Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mining Engineers* Mechanical Handling Enginee

5、rs Association National Coal Board* The Government department and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this BritishStandard: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy U

6、niversity of Birmingham University of London University of Nottingham Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS3618-2:1971 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Glossary 1BS3618-2:1971 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This glossary has been p

7、repared, under the authority of the Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the technical terms in current use in mining in the United Kingdom. Although the majority of the terms defined in the original edition of this glossary were pr

8、imarily concerned with coal mining, account has been taken of terms used in other forms of mining and of quarrying. The need for this glossary arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within the industry, and the prevalent use of more than one synonym, some purely local in origin,

9、to indicate specific meanings. The glossary has been issued in a number of sections, according to subject matter, as follows: Section1: Planning and surveying; Section2: Ventilation; Section3: Boring and exploration; Section4: Drainage; Section5: Geology; Section6: Drilling and blasting; Section7: E

10、lectrical engineering and lighting; Section8: Winning and working; Section9: Shafts and associated equipment; Section10: Transport; Section11: Strata control. Section2, “Ventilation”, was one of the first publications in the BS3618 series. In the normal process of periodical review it was seen that

11、a number of modifications and additions were desirable; therefore, since the previous edition was dated1963, it was decided to publish a revision incorporating these changes. In compiling the glossary account has been taken of the fact that terms primarily associated with coal are separately defined

12、 in BS3323, “Glossary of coal terms”, and terms relating to coal preparation are defined in BS3552, “Glossary of terms used in coal preparation”. The following factors also have applied in the statement, selection and definition of terms: 1) Where two or more terms are grouped together, the term whi

13、ch is favoured is printed first and in heavy type. It is hoped that such preferred terms will gradually displace the non-preferred terms. The non-preferred terms of a group are printed in small capital letters. Where the use of any term is considered to be undesirable it is marked deprecated. 2) Gen

14、erally, only terms which have a specific meaning in this field have been included. Where a technical term has an accepted meaning in other fields of engineering it has been omitted; the few exceptions are terms which are of particular importance in mining. 3) Purely local terms are not defined, but

15、those of sufficient importance are included as non-preferred terms. 4) Obsolete terms are excluded.BS3618-2:1971 BSI 12-1999 iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compli

16、ance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi toiv, pages1 to7 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporate

17、d. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS3618-2:1971 BSI 12-1999 1 Glossary Term Definition afterdamp The mixture of gases which remains in a mine after a fire or an explosion of firedamp or coal dust. It consists of carbon dioxide, water vapour, nitrogen,

18、 oxygen, carbon monoxide and other gases. air The atmospheric air circulating through and ventilating the workings of a mine. air adit An adit driven for the purpose of ventilating a mine. air blast A strong rush of air through the workings, caused by an explosion, a movement of large masses of stra

19、ta, an outburst of coal or by a movement of a body of water. air bridge See air crossing. air compartment An airtight portion of any shaft, winze, raise or level used for ventilation. aircourse See airway. air crossing AIR BRIDGE, deprecated A bridge, natural or constructed, at the crossing of two a

20、irways which allows air to be conducted along both roadways without substantial leakage of air from one roadway to the other. air current AIR FLOW AIR QUANTITY The flow of air ventilating the workings of a mine. air door DOOR SEPARATION DOOR TRAP DOOR, deprecated A door erected in a roadway to preve

21、nt the passage of air. (When doors are erected between an intake and a return airway they may be known as “separation doors”.) air drift A roadway, generally inclined, driven in stone for ventilation purposes. air duct Tubing which conducts air, usually from an auxiliary fan, to or from a point as r

22、equired in the mine. air flow See air current. air gate A gate road used principally for ventilation. air hole A small excavation or hole made to improve ventilation by communication with other workings or with the surface. (See also cundy.) air horsepower See air power. air lock 1. A system of door

23、s arranged to allow the passage of men or vehicles through it without permitting appreciable air flow. 2. See shaft casing. air pit See air shaft. air power AIR HORSEPOWER The rate at which energy is used in moving air between two points. air quantity See air current. air shaft AIR PIT, deprecated A

24、 mine shaft the main purpose of which is for ventilation. air slit See stenton. air split 1. A separate ventilation circuit formed by dividing a current of air. 2. See split. airway AIR COURSE WIND ROAD, deprecated A roadway used mainly for ventilation purposes. antitropal ventilation Ventilation by

25、 a current of air travelling in the opposite direction to that of the flow of mineral out of the mine.BS3618-2:1971 2 BSI 12-1999 Term Definition artificial ventilation The inducing of a flow of air through a mine or part of a mine by mechanical or other means. ascensional ventilation The arrangemen

26、t of the ventilating currents so that the air rises through the working face. Assmann psychrometer A wet and dry bulb hygrometer in which air is drawn over the thermometer bulbs by an integral fan. Atkinson A unit of resistance to air flow. automatic doors Air doors on a haulage road that are automa

27、tically operated by a passing vehicle or train of tubs, or other means. auxiliary fan A fan used to provide ventilation in a dead end. axial-flow fan SCREW FAN, deprecated A fan having a cylindrical casing in which the air enters and leaves the impeller in a direction substantially parallel to its a

28、xis. back blast See backlash. backing The action of a firedamp roof layer flowing uphill against the direction of the ventilation. backlash BLACK BLAST SUCTION BLAST, deprecated In an explosion, a blast back in the opposite direction to that of the spread of the explosion. blackdamp CHOKEDAMP, depre

29、cated STITHE, deprecated STYTHE, deprecated A mine atmosphere containing carbon dioxide and nitrogen in excess of the normal percentage, and in which a flame safety lamp will not burn owing to a deficiency of oxygen. blind heading See dead end. blower HIGH EMISSION A discharge of gas, normally fired

30、amp, under pressure from a hole or fissure in the strata, which lasts for an appreciable time (cf. outburst). (See also venturi.) bolt hole A short connecting passage made for ventilation purposes. bonnet A protective cover for the gauzes of a flame safety lamp. booster fan A fan located in a mine r

31、oadway to increase the pressure of the whole of the air passing through that roadway so as to increase the air current. branch Part of a ventilation circuit from which no splits are made. brattice SCREEN, deprecated 1. A board or plank lining or other partition in any mine passage, to divert the air

32、 into the working places. Temporary brattices are often made of cloth. (See brattice sheeting.) 2. An airtight partition in a mine shaft to separate intake from return air. brattice cloth See brattice sheeting. brattice sheeting BRATTICE CLOTH, deprecated SHEETS, deprecated A curtain or screen of fl

33、exible material used to direct or control the flow of ventilating air. break-through See stenton. brush WAFT 1. To disperse an accumulation of firedamp by fanning the air by hand. 2. See also Winning and working section. calorimeter room A place at the surface of the mine where drained firedamp is m

34、onitored or its heat content ascertained. cap GAS CAP The halo of ignited firedamp which shows above the lowered flame of a safety lamp when burning in air containing small quantities of firedamp. The percentage of firedamp can be roughly measured by the height of the cap.BS3618-2:1971 BSI 12-1999 3

35、 Term Definition casing (of fan) Those stationary parts of a fan, not including guide vanes, which guide air to and from the impeller. centrifugal fan See radial-flow fan. chokedamp See blackdamp. compound ventilation An arrangement of a number of major ventilation systems serving various large work

36、ing areas and served by more than two shafts and their associated fans, but integrated to form one ventilation system. Usually adopted in large “combined” mines. (See radial ventilation.) contra-rotating fan An axial-flow fan having impellers rotating in opposite directions. Volume ratios, derived f

37、rom an analysis of a sample of an underground atmosphere, which give an indication of the rate of oxidation in an area. course 1. To control the direction of the ventilation through the workings. 2. To ventilate a number of faces in series. crosscut 1. See stenton. 2. See also Winning and working se

38、ction. cross-hole See stenton. cross-measure borehole A borehole drilled at an angle through the rock strata generally for the purpose of firedamp drainage. cundy Any small passageway made to improve ventilation or facilitate movement of materials. It is generally made through a pack or along the ri

39、b-side of a longwall face. damp Any mine gas, or mixture of gases. (From the German “dampf”.) dead Unventilated. dead air Stagnant air. dead end BLIND HEADING A cul-de-sac. deputy EXAMINER, deprecated FIREMAN, deprecated An underground official in a mine of coal, stratified iron-stone, shale or fire

40、clay, with statutory responsibility for the safe and proper working of a district of the mine. descensional ventilation The arrangement of the ventilating currents so that the air passes downwards through the working face. diffuser (fan) See evase. door See air door. double-inlet fan A centrifugal f

41、an in which air enters the impeller on both sides. downcast shaft A shaft through which fresh air is drawn or forced into the mine. ducting Sections of air duct. dumb drift A passage leading from an airway to a point in a shaft some distance above an inset to allow the ventilating current to by-pass

42、 a station where skips or cages are loaded. effective temperature A measure of environmental comfort. Its value, for any particular condition of air velocity and wet and dry bulb temperatures, is given by the temperature of still saturated air which provides the same degree of comfort, or sensation

43、of warmth or cold. emission (of gas) The exudation of gas from the strata (See also blower.) CO O 2deficiency - ratio CO 2 O 2deficiency - ratio CO CO 2 - ratioBS3618-2:1971 4 BSI 12-1999 Term Definition equivalent orifice A measure of the air resistance of a mine in terms of the area of a circular

44、orifice in a thin plate which requires the same pressure difference when passing a certain quantity of air as that needed to circulate that quantity through the workings of the mine. evase DIFFUSER (FAN) An outlet passage of gradually increasing cross-sectional area leading from a fan. examiner See

45、deputy. exhaust ventilation A system of ventilation in which the fan draws air through the workings by suction (cf. forced ventilation). explosive fringe See flammable fringe. eye 1. The top or mouth of a shaft. 2. The central or intake opening of a radial-flow fan. fan drift An airway leading from

46、a mine shaft, or airway, to a fan. fan shaft 1. The ventilating shaft to which a mine fan is connected. 2. The spindle on which a fan impeller is mounted. fan static pressure The difference between the fan total pressure and the fan velocity pressure. fan total pressure The algebraic difference betw

47、een the mean total pressure at the fan outlet and the mean total pressure at the fan inlet. fan velocity pressure The velocity pressure corresponding to the average velocity at the fan outlet. fiery A condition arising from the presence of flammable gas and/or coal dust. firedamp MARSH GAS, deprecat

48、ed METHANE, deprecated A flammable gas, consisting mainly of methane, found naturally in mines. firedamp alarm An instrument that gives warning when the percentage of flammable gases reaches a predetermined value. firedamp drainage METHANE DRAINAGE, deprecated The collection of firedamp from coalmea

49、sures strata, generally into pipes, with or without the use of suction. firedamp migration The movement of firedamp through the strata or goaf of a mine. fireman See deputy. flame safety lamp An oil or spirit burning lamp designed and approved for use in testing for gas. (See safety lamp.) flammable fringe EXPLOSIVE FRINGE In a system where air (or other reactant gas) and a flammable gas are present, that region in which the two gases have mixed to produce a