1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3749:1991 Specification for E glass fibre woven roving fabrics for the reinforcement of polyester and epoxy resin systemsBS3749:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Plastics and Rubber Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe authori
2、ty of theStandards Board and comesinto effect on 28 June1991 BSI 04-1999 First published June 1964 Second edition October 1974 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PRM/41 Draft for comment 89/40294 DC ISBN 0 580 19596 1 Committees responsible for this
3、 British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Plastics and Rubber Standards Policy Committee (PRM/-) to Technical Committee PRM/41, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plastics Federation Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Labo
4、ratory) ERA Technology Ltd. Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS3749:1991 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1
5、Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Material 1 4 Designation 1 5 Fabric construction 1 6 Selection of a test sample 3 7 Packaging 3 8 Marking and identification 3 Appendix A Determination of the mass per unit area of woven roving fabrics 4 Appendix B Determination of the average number of warp and weft roving
6、s per100mm 4 Appendix C Method for the determination of cross-breaking strength and for the preparation of the polyester laminate 5 Appendix D Recommendations for the ordering of non-standard fabrics 6 Figure 1 Example of diagonal positioning of test specimens on a textile glass fabric sample 5 Tabl
7、e 1 Construction of woven roving fabrics 2 Table 2 Cross-breaking strength of woven roving fabric polyester resin laminates 2 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS3749:1991 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Plastics and Rubber Standards
8、 Policy Committee. It is a revision of the1974 edition, which is superseded and withdrawn. In this revision the opportunity has been taken to incorporate International Organization for Standardization (ISO) notation and definitions from ISO472 and the scope has been extended to cover both polyester
9、and epoxy resins. The committee intends at the next revision to extend the scope to include phenolic and other resins as the fabrics are now in use with phenolic resins and it is anticipated that sufficient data will have been accumulated for these laminates in the next few years. NOTEUnless the con
10、trary is stated by the supplier, it may be presumed that the minimum storage life of the glass fibre rovings is1year when stored in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards ar
11、e responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has
12、 been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS3749:1991 BSI 04-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for E glass fibre woven roving fabrics not less than300mm wide, intended
13、for the reinforcement of polyester and epoxy resin systems including vinyl ester and bisphenol polyesters. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 2.1
14、 coupling agent substance that promotes or establishes a stronger bond at the interface of the resin matrix and the reinforcement 2.2 direct roving roving obtained by winding directly from bushing a large and determined number of filaments 2.3 E glass glass containing not more than1%(m/m) of alkali,
15、 (calculated as Na 2 O) and used for the manufacture of glass fibres 2.4 filament single textile element of a small diameter and a very long length considered as continuous 2.5 indirect roving collection of parallel strands assembled without intentional twist NOTEThese are sometimes referred to as a
16、ssembled rovings. 2.6 size material applied to glass fibres or filaments during the course of their manufacture NOTEThe size may contain a coupling agent. 2.7 strand assembly of parallel filaments simultaneously produced and slightly bonded, without intentional twist 2.8 tex the mass in grams per ki
17、lometre length of roving 2.9 unidirectional fabric fabric with a greater number of coarser yarns or rovings in one direction (usually the warp) with fewer and usually finer yarns in the other direction resulting in practically all the strength of the fabric lying in the former direction 3 Material T
18、he fabric shall be woven from rovings which comply with the normal grade for weaving, as specified in BS3691. 4 Designation The designation of the woven fabric shall be derived from the following: a) the number of warp rovings/100mm required; b) the number of weft rovings/100mm required; c) the line
19、ar density of the warp (in tex); d) the linear density of the weft (in tex); e) the type of weave, e.g.plain or twill; f) the mass per unit area. NOTEIf the fabric construction is one of those listed in either Table 1 orTable 2 the appropriate designation given in column1 of these tables may be used
20、 as an alternative to stating the full construction details. 5 Fabric construction 5.1 Weave and characteristic The fabric shall be uniformly woven. Any selvedges shall be straight and even, and shall have approximately the same tension as the remainder of the fabric. 5.2 Mass per unit area The mass
21、 per unit area shall be determined using the method described inAppendix A, and shall comply withTable 1. 5.3 Warp and weft rovings The average number of warp and weft rovings, as determined by the method described in Appendix B, shall comply with the limits given in Table 1. 5.4 Width The width of
22、the fabric as supplied shall be at least300mm and not less than that specified by the purchaser. The width of the fabric shall be measured as the distance (inmm) between the two outermost warp rovings. The width of the fabric at any point shall not exceed the specified width by more than1.5% or25mm
23、whichever is the lesser.BS3749:1991 2 BSI 04-1999 5.5 Defects and impurities The fabric shall be uniform in colour. It shall be free from stains, oil and grease spots, creases and wrinkles. NOTECertain weaving defects are usually marked by the manufacturer by the use of coloured thread fastened to t
24、he selvedge adjacent to the defect. 5.6 Resin compatibility Fabrics shall be compatible with either polyester or epoxy resins or both. The resin compatibility shall be satisfactory if the cross-breaking strengths given in5.7 are complied with. The resin compatibility shall be stated see8 d). 5.7 Cro
25、ss-breaking strength The cross-breaking strength shall comply with Table 2 when the fabric is tested in a polyester laminate prepared and tested by the method described inAppendix C. NOTEManufacturers may be prepared to provide cross-breaking strengths measured for their fabrics bonded with epoxy re
26、sins using a technique analogous to that described in Appendix C. Table 1 Construction of woven roving fabrics Table 2 Cross-breaking strength of woven roving fabric polyester resin laminates 1 2 3 4 5 Fabric designation Corresponding fabric designation (from BS3749:1974) Mass per unit area 10%, as
27、tested as described inAppendix A Average rovings per100mm 5%, as tested as described inAppendix B Nominal linear density of roving tex Warp Weft Warp Weft g/m 2 g/km g/km RP 200 RP 6 200 67.0 63.0 150 150 RP 280 RP 8 280 47.3 43.3 300 300 RP 360 RP 10 360 61.0 55.2 300 300 RP 400 RP 12 400 39.4 31.5
28、 600 460 RP 590 590 25.0 24.0 1 200 1 200 RP 600 RP 18 600 19.7 15.8 1 500 1 800 RP 820 RP 24 820 19.7 11.8 2 300 3 000 RP 830 RP 25 830 19.7 15.8 2 300 2 300 RP 840 840 20.0 15.0 2 400 2 400 RPU 560 RPU 16 560 19.7 15.8 2 300 600 RT 770 RT 22 770 31.5 31.5 1 200 1 200 NOTE 1The fabrics listed in th
29、e table are all of a plain weave construction, except RT770 which has a 3/1 twill construction. NOTE 2RPU560 is a unidirectional plain weave fabric. 1 2 3 4 Fabric designation Corresponding fabric designation (from BS3749:1974) Minimum cross-breaking strength Number of plies of fabric to produce lam
30、inate thicknesses of approximately Warp direction Weft direction 3mm 6mm MPa MPa RP 200 RP 6 220 220 13 RP 280 RP 8 210 220 9 RP 360 RP 10 180 190 7 RP 400 RP 12 230 200 7 RP 590 270 300 9 RP 600 RP 18 270 300 9 RP 820 RP 24 280 300 6 RP 830 RP 25 280 260 6 RP 840 280 260 6 RPU 560 RPU 16 410 110 9
31、RT 770 RT 22 220 220 7BS3749:1991 BSI 04-1999 3 6 Selection of a test sample A sample shall be selected from the full width of the roll and of sufficient size to provide specimens for all tests to be performed (seeAppendix A to Appendix D). 7 Packaging The fabric shall be rolled evenly and squarely
32、on tubes of sufficient length and strength to produce a firm package which will prevent collapsing or telescoping during transit, storage and handling. Both ends of the roll shall be suitably protected to prevent damage to the edges of the fabric. Each roll shall be individually wrapped and rolls of
33、 fabric shall be securely packed in parcels or boxes in such a way as to protect them from damage. NOTEIt is normal for manufacturers to recommend that the packages of woven rovings are stored and transported horizontally in order to avoid distortion of the fabric weave. 8 Marking and identification
34、 Each roll shall be marked with the following, in the order listed. a) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e.BS3749:1991 1) ; b) the designation as derived in clause4; c) the manufacturers name or trade mark; d) the resin compatibility, e.g.polyester compatible or epoxy compatible or bot
35、h. For example, BS3749:1991/RP 200A.B. b) the orientation of the test specimens with respect to the warp and weft yarns, if not diagonal; c) the average value of mass per unit area and the individual values (in g/m 2 ). Appendix B Determination of the average number of warp and weft rovings per100mm
36、 NOTEThis method is technically related to ISO4602. B.1 Principle The principle is to count the number of warp and weft rovings which occur in a specified direction over a1m distance. B.2 Apparatus B.2.1 Counting glass, or steel rule, graduated (in mm) at least1m long. B.3 Procedure Lay the fabric s
37、moothly and without tension on a horizontal surface with the rovings to be counted running vertically. Place the counting glass or steel rule (B.2.1) on the fabric so that the left-hand edge of the aperture of the counting glass or reference mark on the steel rule is coincident with the right-hand e
38、dge of a roving. Count a whole number of rovings across a length of not less than100mm of fabric. Consider this as one determination. Move the counting glass or steel rule to another position so that none of the rovings in the previous tests is included, and repeat the above procedure four more time
39、s. B.4 Expression of results Calculate the mean of the five readings and express the result as the average number of warp or weft rovings per100mm. Z m 2 m 1 A - = m 1 is the mass, (in g), of the container; m 2 is the mass, (in g), of the test specimen and container; A is the area, (in m 2 ), of the
40、 test specimen, i.e.0.1m 2 .BS3749:1991 BSI 04-1999 5 Appendix C Method for the determination of cross-breaking strength and for the preparation of the polyester laminate C.1 Preparation of laminate Cut the requisite number of pieces of roving fabric each approximately325mm 300mm with the longer sid
41、es of the specimens parallel to the warp direction of the woven roving. The number of plies for each fabric designation given inTable 2 gives a laminate of approximately3mm thickness for fabrics RP200, RP280, RP360 and RP400, and approximately6mm thickness for fabrics RP590, RP600, RP820, RP830, RP8
42、40, RPU560 and RT770. Dry the pieces in a ventilated oven for1h at105 2 C, remove from the oven, allow to cool, and use within an hour of removal. Impregnate the pieces with resin type C of Table5 of BS3532:1990 to give a final glass content of between50% and55% of the total mass, the criterion for
43、thorough impregnation being that the wet lay-up shall be uniformly translucent. Both impregnation and building up of the laminate shall be done at a temperature between17 C and25 C. A suitable method is as follows. Calculate the mass of resin necessary to give the required resin/glass ratio from the mass of fabric to be used. Formulate a quantity of resin, in excess of this, according to the resin manufacturers instructions. Figure 1 Example of diagonal positioning of test specimens on a textile glass fabric sample
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