BS 3828-1973 Specification for crystal glass《石英玻璃规范》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3828:1973 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Specification for Crystal glass UDC 666.21BS3828:1973 This British Standard, having been approved by the Glass Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authorityof the Executive Boardon 28 February 1973 BSI 10-1999 First publis

2、hed December 1964 First revision February 1973 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference GLC/11 Draft for approval 72/55145 ISBN 0 580 07853 1 Co-operating organizations The Glass Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard

3、was prepared, consists of representatives from the following scientific and industrial organizations: British Glass Industry Research Association* British Lampblown Scientific Glassware Manufacturers Association British Plastics Federation Flat Glass Manufacturers Association Glass Manufacturers Fed

4、eration* Greater London Council Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association Society of Glass Technology* University of Sheffield (Department of Glass Technology) The scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly repr

5、esented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: China and Glass Retailers Association of the United Kingdom Department of Trade and Industry Institute of Trading Standards Administration Retail Trading Standards Association Incorporated Amendments issued since publi

6、cation Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 1201 June 1973 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS3828:1973 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 0. General 0.1 Scope 1 Section 1. Crystal glass complying only EEC Directive 1.1 Scope of Section 1 1 1

7、.2 Designation 1 1.3 Chemical composition 1 1.4 Physical properties 1 1.5 Labelling 1 1.6 Use of the BS number 1 Annex I List of categories of crystal glass 2 Annex II Methods for determination of chemical and physical propertiesofthecategories of crystal glass 3 Section 2. Crystal glass complying b

8、oth with EEC Directive and withcertainadditional requirements 2.1 Scope of Section 2 4 2.2 Requirements 4 2.3 Test methods 4 2.4 Quality of articles 5 2.5 Marking of articles 5 Appendix A Suitable methods of test (for use only in connection with Section 2) 6 Figure 1 Suitable apparatus for the deter

9、mination of refractive index 7 Publication referred to 8BS3828:1973 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This British Standard was first published in 1964 under the title “Lead crystal glasses”, having been prepared at the request of the Glass Manufacturers Federation by a representative Technical Committee unde

10、r the authority of the Glass Industry Standards Committee. The1964 edition specified requirements for two categories of lead crystal glass: “full lead crystal glass” with a minimum lead oxide content of30% and “lead crystal glass” with a minimum lead oxide content of24%. The present revision, also p

11、repared at the request of the Glass Manufacturers Federation, takes into account the EEC Directive of15December1969 on crystal glasses, and specifies four categories of crystal glass, together with test methods for their assessment and marking for their identification. For convenience the specificat

12、ion is divided into two Sections. Section1 is technically identical with the EEC Directive in regard to the quality of the glass and the provisions for testing and labelling. Section 2, which relates only to the glasses of Categories1 and2, specifies certain additional requirements which in effect m

13、aintain the superior quality of glasses of UK manufacture complying with the requirements specified in BS3828:1964. In the opinion of the Technical Committee, the provisions of Section2 would be a suitable basis for a proposal to revise the EEC Directive and could in due course be put forward by the

14、 UK Government for this purpose. It is recognized, however,that such a proposal is unlikely to receive consideration before the date of1 July1973 when the EEC Directive in its existing form is required to be implemented in the UK. For the time being, therefore, it is proposed to effect this implemen

15、tation by means of a statutory instrument making reference to BS3828-1:1973. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself conf

16、er immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in

17、the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3828:1973 BSI 10-1999 1 Section 0. General 0.1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for chemical composition and physical properties of categories of glass used in the manufacture of crystal glassware, together with appropriate test metho

18、ds and marking provisions. Section 1 specifies four categories of glass, as defined in the corresponding Directive of the Council of the Economic Communities. Section 2 specifies additional requirements relating to only two of these categories of glass. NOTEThe title of the British Standard referred

19、 to in Section 2 of this standard is given on page 8. Section 1. Crystal glass complying only with EEC Directive 1.1 Scope of Section 1 This Section of this British Standard specifies requirements for chemical composition and major physical properties, with associated test methods and marking provis

20、ions, for four categories of glass used in the manufacture of crystal glassware, as defined in the Directive69/493/CEE, dated15 December1969, of the Council of the European Communities. 1.2 Designation Annex I shows the designations and symbols allotted in the EEC Directive to four categories of gla

21、ss, for which the equivalent English designations are: 1) full lead crystal 30 %; 2) lead crystal 24 %; 3) crystallin or crystal glass; 4) crystallin or crystal glass. 1.3 Chemical composition The chemical composition of the glasses, when tested in accordance with the methods described in Clause1 of

22、Annex II, shall be as shown inAnnex I. 1.4 Physical properties The physical properties of the glasses, when tested in accordance with the methods described in Clause2 ofAnnex II, shall be as shown inAnnex I. 1.5 Labelling Labelling used in connection with the glasses shall be in accordance with the

23、following principles: 1) The designations in column b of Annex I, and the English equivalents given in1.2, shall not be used to describe products that do not comply with the corresponding requirements in columns d to g ofAnnex I. 2) A product bearing one of these designations may also have the corre

24、sponding identification symbol defined in columns h and i of Annex I. 3) If a trade mark, the name of an undertaking or other inscription includes any of these designations or is liable to be confused with any of them, then such mark, name or inscription shall be accompanied, clearly and in close pr

25、oximity, by: a) the designation of the product if it complies with the requirements for one of the categories inAnnexI, or b) an indication of the exact nature of the product if it does not comply with these requirements. 4) The designations and identification symbols may be used on the same label.

26、1.6 Use of the BS number If the number of this British Standard is used in connection with glasses complying with the requirements specified in Section 1 only of this British Standard, the form “BS3828-1” shall be used.BS 3828:1973 2 BSI 10-1999 Annex I List of categories of crystal glass No. Design

27、ation of the category Properties Labelling Explanatory notes Metallic oxides % Relative density Refractive index Surface hardness Form of symbol Remarks a b c d e f g h i 1 Cristal superieur30 % Cristallo superiore 30 % Hochbleikristal30 % Volloodkristal30 % Full lead crystal30 % Krystal30 % The des

28、ignations may be freely used, whatever the country of origin or destination. PbO W 30 % W 3.00 a Round labels, gold in colour W 1 cm 2 Cristal au plomb24 % Cristallo al piombo 24 % Bleikristall24 % Loodkristal24 % Lead crystal24 % Krystal24 % The figure indicates the percentage of lead oxide contain

29、ed. PbO W 24 % W 2.90 a 3 Cristallin Vetro sonoro superiore Kristallglas Kristallynglas b Sonoorglas c Crystal glass, crystallin Krystallin Only the designations in the language or languages of the country where the merchandise is traded may be used. ZnO BaO PbO K 2 O alone or together W 10 % W 2.45

30、 nD W 1.520 Square labels, silver in colour side W 1 cm 4 Verre sonore Vetro sonoro Kristallglas Sonoorglas Crystal glass, crystallin Krystallin Exception: On the German market a pressed glass containing 18% of PbO and having a density of at least2.70 may be sold under the description “Pressbleikris

31、tall” or “Bleikristall gepresst” (in capital letters). BaO PbO K 2 O alone or together W 10% W 2.40 Vickers 550 20 Labels in the form of equilateral triangles, silver in colour side W 1 cm a nD W 1.545 as the criterion for a non-destructive determination (when imported) b in Belgium c in HollandBS38

32、28:1973 BSI 10-1999 3 Annex II Methods for determination of chemical and physical properties of the categories of crystal glass 1 Chemical analyses 1.1 BaO and PbO 1.1.1 Determination of total BaO + PbO. Weigh, to the nearest0.0001g, about0.5g of the powdered glass into a platinum dish. Moisten with

33、 water and add10ml of sulphuric acid (15%v/v) and10ml of hydrofluoric acid. Heat on a sand bath until white fumes are given off. Allow to cool and add a further10ml of hydrofluoric acid. Heat until white fumes again appear. Allow to cool and rinse the sides of the dish with water. Heat until white f

34、umes again appear. Allow to cool, cautiously add10ml of water, then pour into a400ml beaker. Rinse the dish several times with sulphuric acid (10%v/v), and dilute to100ml with the same acid. Boil for23min. Allow to stand overnight. Filter on a filter crucible of porosity4, wash first with sulphuric

35、acid (10%v/v) and then twice or three times with ethanol. Dry for one hour in an oven at150 C. Weigh as BaSO 4 +PbSO 4 . 1.1.2 Determination of BaO. Weigh, to the nearest0.0001g, about0.5g of the powdered glass into a platinum dish. Moisten with water and add10ml of hydrofluoric acid and5ml of perch

36、loric acid. Heat on a sand bath until white fumes are given off. Allow to cool and add a further10ml of hydrofluoric acid. Heat until white fumes again appear. Allow to cool and rinse the sides of the dish with distilled water. Again heat, and evaporate almost to dryness. Add50ml of hydrochloric aci

37、d(10%v/v), and warm slightly to help dissolving. Transfer to a400ml beaker and dilute to200ml with water. Heat to boiling and pass a stream of hydrogen sulphide through the hot solution. When the precipitate of lead sulphide has settled at the bottom of the vessel, stop the flow of gas. Filter throu

38、gh a fine filter paper, and wash with cold water saturated with hydrogen sulphide. Boil the filtrate and reduce to300ml by evaporation. Add while boiling10ml of sulphuric acid (10%v/v). Cease heating and allow to stand for at least4h. Filter through a fine filter paper and wash with cold water. Igni

39、te the precipitate at1050 C and weigh as BaSO 4 . 1.2 Determination of ZnO Evaporate the filtrate from the separation of BaSO 4so as to reduce the volume to200ml. Neutralize with ammonia solution in the presence of methyl red, and add20ml of0.1N sulphuric acid. Adjust to a pH of2 (using a pH meter)

40、by adding0.1N sulphuric acid or0.1N sodium hydroxide as appropriate, and precipitate the zinc sulphide in the cold by passing a stream of hydrogen sulphide through the solution. Let the precipitate settle for4h, then collect it on a fine filter paper. Wash with cold water saturated with hydrogen sul

41、phide. Dissolve the precipitate from the filter paper by pouring25ml of hot hydrochloric acid (10%v/v) onto it. Wash the filter paper with boiling water until a volume of about150ml has been obtained. Neutralize withammonia solution using litmus paper, then add12g of solid hexamine (urotropine) to s

42、tabilize the pH at about5. Add a few drops of a freshly prepared0.5% aqueous solution of xylenol orange, and titrate with a0.1N (0.05M) solution of disodium ethylenediamine-N,N,N 1 ,N 1 -tetra-acetate, dihydrate (EDTA) until the colour turns from pink to lemon yellow. 1.3 Determination of K 2 O Dete

43、rmine by precipitation and weighing as potassium tetraphenylborate. Solution of sample Weigh, to the nearest 0.005g, about 2g of thepowdered glass into a platinum dish. Treatwith2ml of concentrated nitric acid 17%m/m (16N), 15ml of perchloric acid and25ml of hydrofluoric acid. Heat first on a water

44、bath, and then on a sand bath. When strong fumes of perchloric acid have ceased (take to dryness), dissolve the residue in20ml of hot water and23ml of hydrochloric acid 36%m/m (11N). Transfer to a200ml graduated flask and make up to the mark with distilled water. Reagents 1) Sodium tetraphenylborate

45、, reagent solution(6%). Dissolve1.5g of sodium tetraphenylborate in250ml of distilled water. Remove the slight cloudiness by adding1g of hydrated alumina. Stir for5min, then filter taking care to refilter the first20ml of filtrate.BS3828:1973 4 BSI 10-1999 2) Potassium tetraphenylborate, saturated w

46、ash solution. Prepare a saturated solution of the potassium salt by precipitation from a solution of about0.1g of potassium chloride in50ml of hydrochloric acid (0.1N), into which the sodium tetraphenylborate solution (1) is poured until precipitation ceases. Filter through a sintered filter. Wash w

47、ith distilled water. Dry in a desiccator at ambient temperature. Then add2030mg of the salt to250ml of distilled water, and stir occasionally. After30min add0.51g of hydrated alumina. Stir for a few minutes, then filter. Procedure Take an aliquot corresponding to about 10 mg of potassium oxide from

48、the hydrochloric acid solution of the sample. Dilute to about100ml. Slowly pour in the reagent solution (1), in the proportion of10ml for each5mg of potassium oxide expected, while stirring gently. Allow to stand for not more than15min, then filter through a tared filter crucible of No.3 or4 porosit

49、y. Wash with the wash solution (2), and dry for30min at120 C. Conversion factor for K 2 O is 0.131 43 1.4 Composition tolerances A tolerance of 0.1% absolute is permitted for each constituent. If the analysis gives a value, within the tolerance, below the specified limit (30%, 24% or 10%) then the mean of at least three analyses should be taken. If this mean value is greater than or equal to29.95%, 23.95% or9.95% the glass should be accepted as complying with the categories corresponding to30%,24% or10% respectively. 2 Physical determinations 2.1 Rela