BS 4231-1992 Classification for viscosity grades of industrial liquid lubricants《工业液体润滑剂粘度等级分类》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS4231:1992 ISO3448:1992 Classification for Viscosity grades of industrial liquid lubricants UDC665.765:532.133BS4231:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Petroleum Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Boa

2、rdand comes intoeffect on 15 December 1992 BSI 04-1999 First published December 1967 Second edition October 1975 Third edition December 1982 Fourth edition December 1992 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PTC/7 Draft for comment89/55379DC ISBN 0 580

3、 21505 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Petroleum Standards Policy Committee (PTC/-) to Technical Committee PTC/7, upon which the following bodies were represented: Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturers Association Briti

4、sh Coal Corporation British Fluid Power Association British Gear Association British Lubricants Federation Ltd. British Railways Board British Steel plc Department of Transport Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Institute of Petroleum London Regional Transport Amendments issued si

5、nce publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS4231:1992 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Introduction 1 1 Scope 2 2 Normative reference 2 3 Classification 2 4 Designation 2 Annex A (informative) ISO viscosity classification with corresponding kinem

6、atic viscosities at various temperatures for differing viscosity indices 4 Table 1 ISO viscosity classification 3 Table A.1 4 List of references Inside back coverBS4231:1992 ii BSI 04-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Petroleum Standards Policy

7、 Committee. It is identical with ISO3448:1992 Industrial liquid lubricants ISO viscosity classification published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO3448 was prepared as a result of discussion in Technical Committee28 “Petroleum products and lubricants”, in which the Uni

8、ted Kingdom participated. This British Standard is a revision of, and supersedes, BS4231:1982, which is withdrawn. The principle difference between BS4231:1982 and this standard is that two additional viscosity grades (ISO VG2200 and ISO VG3200) have been introduced. Cross-references. The Technical

9、Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO3104:1976, to which normative reference is made in the text, and has decided that it is acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A British Standard related to ISO3104:1976 is BS2000-71:1990. The methods for the determination of viscosity descr

10、ibed in ISO3104 and BS2000-71 are technically equivalent although the texts differ. This arises for a number of reasons including a difference in precision data. The precision data in BS2000-71 are more directly related to fuel oils than those in ISO3104. A British Standard does not purport to inclu

11、de all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages

12、i and ii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.ISO3448:1992(E) BSI 04-1999 1 Introduction This International Standard has

13、 been prepared to meet the immediate needs of those ISO Technical Committees that promulgate International Standards for equipment and need to refer to lubricants, i.e.TC39, Machines tools; TC123, Plain bearings; TC131, Fluid power systems; and others, by providing a classification of liquid lubrica

14、nts according to viscosity grades. The purpose of this classification system is to establish a series of definite kinematic-viscosity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users and equipment designers will have a uniform and common basis for designating or selecting industrial liquid lubric

15、ants according to the kinematic viscosity required in a particular application. When the first edition of this International Standard was being prepared, systems for classifying the viscosity characteristics of industrial liquid lubricants were simultaneously under study by the American Society for

16、Testing and Materials (ASTM) in collaboration with the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) (ASTM D242268), by the British Standards Institution (BSI) (BS4231) and by the Deutsches Institut fr Normung (DIN). The cooperative effort first resulted in this ISO classification in 1975

17、. It is desirable that any such classification system should cover the entire range of kinematic viscosities of liquid lubricants normally used; at the same time, the number of kinematic-viscosity grades within the classification should be limited. A continuous system, in which any lubricant within

18、the viscosity range could be given a grade number, was first considered, but it was recognized that this would involve either an unduly large number of grades or an unduly wide range of permitted kinematic viscosities for each grade. For the classification to be of direct use in engineering design c

19、alculations, in which the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant is only one of the parameters, it is desirable that the viscosity grade width be not more than10% on either side of the nominal value. This would reflect an order of uncertainty in calculation similar to that imposed by dimensional manuf

20、acturing tolerances. This limitation, coupled with the requirement that the number of viscosity grades should not be too large, has led to the adoption of a discontinuous system with gaps between the viscosity grades. The reference temperature for the classification should be selected to be reasonab

21、ly close to average service experience. It should also closely relate to other selected temperatures used to define properties such as viscosity index which can aid in defining a lubricant. A study of a series of possible temperatures indicates that40C is particularly suitable for the purposes of in

22、dustrial-lubricant classification as well as for the lubricant-definition properties mentioned above. This viscosity classification is consequently based on kinematic viscosity at40C. The viscosity designations are identical to those in the well-known ASTM/STLE and BSI classifications previously men

23、tioned. Although this ISO classification is bound to lead to a number of existing lubricants (possibly including some at present widely used) not being accommodated within the classification, there is nothing to prevent the continued use of such products by agreement between supplier and consumer. T

24、he kinematic viscosities of such out-of-classification oils should, however, be determined at40C. It is expected, however, that lubricant producers will move towards the adjustment of their products so that each product will fall within one of the viscosity grade designations; that users will, in th

25、e interests of rationalization and the reduction of the number of oils which they use, call increasingly for lubricants covered by the classification; and that machine and equipment manufacturers and their component suppliers will take due note of the classification in the design stages and in their

26、 lubricant viscosity recommendations. It is not expected that liquid lubricants of every quality, or those designed for very specific purposes, will be, or will need to be, available within every viscosity grade of this International Standard. NOTE 1The Society of Automative Engineers (USA) establis

27、hed many years ago standards for identifying and/or classifying the viscosity characteristics of lubricants used in automotive engines or gears. Their systems, which are widely known and used in most countries of the world, are based on the measurement of kinematic viscosity at temperatures that are

28、 considered to represent the normal operating range; the nomenclature used is for example SAE10W,20W and20,30, etc., for engine oils (SAE J300) and SAE75W,80W,90,140, etc., for gear oils (SAE J306). It should be noted that this ISO classification for industrial liquid lubricants is not intended to r

29、eplace either of the SAE systems; on the other hand, the latter systems, while they have desirable features for automotive lubricants, are not suitable for extension to industrial lubricants in general.ISO3448:1992(E) 2 BSI 04-1999 1 Scope This International Standard establishes a system of viscosit

30、y classification for industrial liquid lubricants and related fluids. This includes mineral oils used as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, electrical oils and for other applications. The usual method for kinematic-viscosity determination is that specified in ISO3104, but this may give anomalous results

31、when used with non-Newtonian fluids (i.e.those whose coefficient of viscosity varies significantly with rate of shear). For such fluids, it is therefore important to state the particular method by which viscosity has been determined. It is also recognized that there may be some pure chemicals and na

32、turally occurring products, used as lubricants, which will not fall within this classification. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indica

33、ted was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid Interna

34、tional Standards. ISO3104:1976, Petroleum products Transparent and opaque liquids Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity. 3 Classification 3.1 The classification defines20 viscosity grades in the range2mm 2 /s to3200mm 2 /s at40C. This covers, as far as petroleum-b

35、ased liquids are concerned, approximately the range from kerosine to cylinder oils. 3.2 Each viscosity grade is designated by the nearest whole number to its mid-point kinematic viscosity in square millimetres per second(mm 2 /s) at40C, and a kinematic-viscosity range of 10% of this value is permitt

36、ed. The20 viscosity grades with the limits appropriate to each are given in Table 1. 3.3 The classification is based on the principle that the mid-point kinematic viscosity of each grade should be approximately50% greater than that of the preceding one. The division of each decade into six equal log

37、arithmic steps provides such a system and permits a uniform progression from decade to decade, but in order to provide simple numbers the logarithmic series has been rounded off. The maximum deviation of the mid-point viscosities from the logarithmic series is2,2%. 3.4 The classification implies no

38、quality evaluation, and provides information only on the kinematic viscosity at the defining temperature of40C. The kinematic viscosities at other temperatures will depend on the viscosity/temperature characteristics of the lubricants, which are usually reported as viscosity/temperature curves or st

39、ated in terms of a viscosity index (VI). 3.5 The kinematic viscosities of the same lubricants defined by this International Standard, but identified at other temperatures customarily used in some countries, are shown in Annex A. Three values of the viscosity index have been used. These data are give

40、n only for the purpose of general guidance in understanding or adoption of this International Standard. 4 Designation The following wording shall be used to designate a particular viscosity grade: ISO viscosity grade . (ISO3448) which may be abbreviated to: ISO VG.ISO3448:1992(E) BSI 04-1999 3 Table

41、 1 ISO viscosity classification ISO viscosity grade Mid-point kinematic viscosity Kinematic-viscosity limits mm 2 /s at 40C mm 2 /s at40C min. max. ISO VG2 2,2 1,98 2,42 ISO VG3 3,2 2,88 3,52 ISO VG5 4,6 4,14 5,06 ISO VG7 6,8 6,12 7,48 ISO VG10 10 9,00 11,0 ISO VG15 15 13,5 16,5 ISO VG22 22 19,8 24,

42、2 ISO VG32 32 28,8 35,2 ISO VG46 46 41,4 50,6 ISO VG68 68 61,2 74,8 ISO VG100 100 90,0 110 ISO VG150 150 135 165 ISO VG220 220 198 242 ISO VG320 320 288 352 ISO VG460 460 414 506 ISO VG680 680 612 748 ISO VG1000 1000 900 1100 ISO VG1500 1500 1350 1650 ISO VG2200 2200 1980 2420 ISO VG3200 3200 2880 3

43、520ISO 3448:1992(E) 4 BSI 04-1999 Annex A (informative) ISO viscosity classification with corresponding kinematic viscosities at various temperatures for differing viscosity indices Table A.1 ISO viscosity grade Kinematic- viscosity range Approximate kinematic viscosity at other temperatures for dif

44、ferent values of viscosity index Viscosity index=0 Viscosity index=50 Viscosity index=95 mm 2 /s at40C mm 2 /s at20C mm 2 /s at37,8C mm 2 /s at50C mm 2 /s at20C mm 2 /s at37,8C mm 2 /s at50C mm 2 /s at20C mm 2 /s at37,8C mm 2 /s at50C ISO VG2 1,98 to2,42 (2,82 to3,67) (2,05 to2,52) (1,69 to2,03) (2,

45、87 to3,69) (2,05 to2,52) (1,69 to2,03) (2.92 to3,71) (2,06 to2,52) (1,69 to2,03) ISO VG3 2,88 to3,52 (4,60 to5,99) (3,02 to3,71) (2,37 to2,83) (4,59 to5,92) (3,02 to3,70) (2,38 to2,84) (4,58 to5,83) (3,01 to3,69) (2,39 to2,86) ISO VG5 4,14 to5,06 (7,39 to9,60) (4,38 to5,38) (3,27 to3,91) (7,25 to9,3

46、5) (4,37 to5,37) (3,29 to3,95) (7,09 to9,03) (4,36 to5,35) (3,32 to3,99) ISO VG7 6,12 to7,48 (12,3 to16,0) (6,55 to8,05) (4,63 to5,52) (11,9 to15,3) (6,52 to8,01) (4,68 to5,61) (11,4 to14,4) (6,50 to7,98) (4,76 to5,72) ISO VG10 9,00 to11,0 20,2 to25,9 9,73 to12,0 6,53 to7,83 19,1 to24,3 9,68 to11,9

47、6,65 to7,99 18,1 to23,1 9,64 to11,8 6,78 to8,14 ISO VG15 13,5 to16,5 33,5 to43,0 14,7 to18,1 9,43 to11,3 31,6 to40,6 14,7 to18,0 9,62 to11,5 29,8 to38,3 14,6 to17,9 9,80 to11,8 ISO VG22 19,8 to24,2 54,2 to69,8 21,8 to26,8 13,3 to16,0 51,0 to65,8 21,7 to26,6 13,6 to16,3 48,0 to61,7 21,6 to26,5 13,9 t

48、o16,6 ISO VG32 28,8 to35,2 87,7 to115 32,0 to39,4 18,6 to22,2 82,6 to108 31,9 to39,2 19,0 to22,6 76,9 to98,7 31,7 to38,9 19,4 to23,3 ISO VG46 41,4 to50,6 144 to189 46,6 to57,4 25,5 to30,3 133 to172 46,3 to56,9 26,1 to31.3 120 to153 45,9 to56,3 27,0 to32,5 ISO VG68 61,2 to74,8 242 to315 69,8 to85,8 3

49、5,9 to42,8 219 to283 69,2 to85,0 37,1 to44,4 193 to244 68,4 to83,9 38,7 to46,6 ISO VG100 90,0 to110 402 to520 104 to127 50,4 to60,3 356 to454 103 to126 52,4 to63,0 303 to383 101 to124 55,3 to66,6 ISO VG150 135 to165 672 to862 157 to194 72,5 to86,9 583 to743 155 to191 75,9 to91,2 486 to614 153 to188 80,6 to97,1 ISO VG220 198 to242 1080 to1390 233 to286 102 to123 927 to1180 230 to282 108 to129 761 to964 226 to277 115 to138 ISO VG320 288 to352 1720 to2210 341 to419 144 to172 1460 to1870 337 to414 151 to182 1180 to1500 331 to406 163 to196 ISO VG460 41