1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 4484-1: 1969 Specification for Measuring instruments for constructional works Part 1: Metric graduation and figuring of instruments for linear measurementBS4484-1:1969 This British Standard, having been approved by the Building Divisional Council, was publishedunder the authority
2、 ofthe Executive Board on 31July1969 BSI 03-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/98 Draft for comment 67/33087 ISBN 580 05671 6 Co-operating organizations The Committee responsible for the preparation of this British Standard consists of repres
3、entatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Consulting Engineers Construction Industry Training Board Drawing Office Material Manufacturers & Dealers Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Federation of Hand Tool Ma
4、nufacturers Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors Ministry of Housing and Local Government Ministry of Public Building & Works Ministry of Public Building & Works Building Research Station Modular Society National Federation of Building Trades Employers Royal Institute of British Arch
5、itects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS4484-1:1969 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Description 2 4 Folding rules 3 5 Laths 3 6 Folding and multi-fold
6、ing rods 3 7 Graduated squares 3 8 Retractable coated steel pocket rules 3 9 Retractable plated steel pocket rules 4 10 Coated steel tapes 4 11 Etched steel tapes and bands 4 12 Synthetic material tapes 4 13 Studded steel band chains 5 14 Land chains 5 15 Levelling staffs 5 Figure 1 Folding rule 7 F
7、igure 2 Retractable steel pocket rule 7 Figure 3 Steel tapes 8 Figure 4 Synthetic material tape 8 Figure 5 The metric levelling staff 9BS4484-1:1969 ii BSI 03-1999 Foreword In order to keep abreast of progress in the industries concerned, British Standard are subject to periodical review. Suggestion
8、s for improvements will be recorded and in due course brought to the notice of the Committees charged with the revision of the standards to which they refer. A complete list of British Standards, numbering over 5 000, fully indexed and wit a note of the contents of each, will be found in the British
9、 Standards Yearbook, price 20s. The BS Yearbook may be consulted in many public libraries and similar institutions. This standard makes reference to the following British Standard: BS 3693. Recommendations for the design of scales and indexes. The programme for the change to the metric system in the
10、 construction industry 1)was published by the British Standards Institution in February1967. That document required the early availability of metrically graduated measuring instruments. This standard has been produced to assist manufacturers in achieving this aim, and is issued under the authority o
11、f the Building Divisional Council. The construction industry in the United Kingdom has decided not to use the centimetre, to accord with Draft ISO Recommendation No.1557 2) , for the adoption of a rationalized system of metric units known as the Systme International dUnits (SI), in which the centime
12、tre is a non-preferred sub-multiple. Some25 countries, including the major European countries, have passed or are preparing legislation to make the SI the only legal system of measurement. The instruments covered by the standard are, therefore, figured either in metres and decimal parts of a metre,
13、or in millimetres, and this will be compatible with the manner in which dimensions appear on drawings, provided that such drawings have been prepared in accordance with the recommendation of BS1192:1969 “Recommendations for building drawing practice”. There appears to be no immediate need, or demand
14、, for radical changes in the materials, form of construction or the general quality of manufacture and accuracy of the instruments used in constructional site work. Such changes may even be undesirable during the period of gaining familiarity with metric units of measurement. The object of Part1 of
15、the standard is to ensure that, during this period, observational errors are minimized by ensuring that the graduation and figuring of instruments is in accordance with well-established ergonomic principles. Whilst accuracy is not covered by Part1 of the standard the choice of instrument for a parti
16、cular task should always be determined by the degree of accuracy appropriate to that task. Part2 of the standard will cover the performance standards, including accuracy, of all of the instruments for which the graduation and figuring requirements are given in Part1. When Part 2is published BS4035 3
17、)will be withdrawn. In the meantime, those engaged on work requiring precision should refer to BS4035, the application of which will be included in a Code of Practice on accuracy in building (now in the course of preparation). The instruments covered by the standard are those in common use in constr
18、uctional site work, but it is hoped that the recommended principles of graduation and figuring will be adopted by other industries. 1) PD 6030 “Programme for the change to the metric system in the construction industry”. 2) Draft ISO Recommendation No.1557 “Rules for the use of units of the internat
19、ional system of units and a selection of the decimal multiples and sub-multiples of the SI units”. 3) BS 4035, “Linear measuring instruments for use in building and civil engineering constructional works. Steel measuring tapes, steel bands and retractable steel pocket rules”.BS4484-1:1969 BSI 03-199
20、9 iii During the transitional period it is considered important that metric and imperial units should not appear on the same instrument. Where instruments which are graduated and figured in accordance with this standard are used on construction sites it is strongly recommended that no other form of
21、metrically graduated instrument be used on the same site. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from le
22、gal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to 9 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front
23、cover.iv blankBS4484-1:1969 BSI 03-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies the requirements for the metric graduation and figuring of the following instruments: 1) Folding rules. 2) Laths. 3) Folding and multi-folding rods. 4) Graduated squares. 5) Retractable coated and plated steel pocket r
24、ules. 6) Coated steel tapes and etched steel tapes and bands. 7) Synthetic material tapes. 8) Studded steel band chains 9) Land chains. 10) Levelling staffs. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definitions apply: scale an array of marks, together with any associate
25、d figuring, in relation to which the dimension of the measured object is directly observed graduation mark one of the marks constituting a scale scale division the part of the scale delimited by the centre lines of two adjacent graduation marks graduation the manner in which the graduation marks hav
26、e been set out figuring a series of marked numerals on an instrument for linear measurement, which give the distance of a particular graduation mark from the zero point of the instrument major graduation mark graduation mark denoting one of the primary divisions into which the instrument is graduate
27、d minor graduation mark graduation mark denoting one of the smallest divisions into which the instrument is graduated intermediate graduation marks graduation marks of an order which falls between the major graduation and the minor graduation of an instrument fine graduation the smaller of two order
28、s of scale division appearing on the same instrument coarse graduation the larger of two orders of scale division appearing on the same instrument quick-reading figure a repeating metre numeral, appearing in instruments over1m in length, at each100mm graduation mark, to enable the user to read insta
29、ntaneously without needing to scan the instrument zero point the first extremity of the instrument from which all graduation and figuring is dimensioned folding rule a graduated and figured rule consisting of four equal lengths of boxwood, suitable metallic or synthetic material, connected by two hi
30、nges and a central joint lath a graduated and figured rule consisting of a straight continuous strip of boxwood, suitable metallic or synthetic material folding and multi-folding rod a graduated and figured rule consisting of two or more lengths of boxwood, suitable metallic or synthetic material, c
31、onnected by positive folding joints square an “L” or “T” shaped instrument of boxwood, suitable metallic or synthetic material, used primarily for making right-angles, but sometimes graduated and figured to allow for linear measurement retractable coated steel pocket rule a steel blade with a coated
32、 finish marked with graduation and figuring, a blade tip, a return spring and enclosing case, so designed that the blade may be quickly and easily extended from the case and retracted retractable plated steel pocket rule an instrument similar to the retractable coated steel pocket rule, but with the
33、 graduation and figuring appearing on a plated background coated steel tape a steel ribbon with a coated finish marked with graduation and figuring, a winding drum, a winding handle and a case or reel. When in use the ribbon is not disconnected from the winding drum etched steel tape an instrument s
34、imilar to a coated steel tape but with graduation and figuring etched into the metal etched steel band a steel ribbon, similar to an etched steel tape, but fitted at each end with a handle or ring. When not in use the instrument is wound on to a reelBS4484-1:1969 2 BSI 03-1999 synthetic material tap
35、e a ribbon of suitable synthetic material marked with graduation and figuring, a winding drum, a winding handle and case or reel. When in use the ribbon is not disconnected from the winding drum studded band chain a steel ribbon wound on to a spindle contained within a suitable winder, and graduated
36、 by means of raised studs at given intervals land chain a chain consisting of straight links of tempered steel wire, connected by three oval rings and terminating with swivel handles. Measurement is denoted by red and yellow synthetic material tallies levelling staff a staff consisting of wood or su
37、itable metallic or synthetic material, graduated for vertical measurement, and read with an optical instrument. It may also be used for tachymetric measurement reading face that area of the face of a levelling staff which remains visible between any framing or other obscuring portions of the staff 3
38、 Description 3.1 Presentation 3.1.1 All instruments covered by this specification shall be clearly set out to allow for ease of reading with minimum observational error. 3.1.2 All markings, other than graduation marks and figuring, shall be so positioned and of such a size as not to interfere with t
39、he legibility of the instrument. 3.1.3 The graduation marks and figuring shall always be displayed against a visually contrasting background. 3.1.4 Consideration shall be given to achieving compatibility between the legibility of graduation marks and the size and form of the figuring, when related t
40、o the distance at which the instrument will normally be read. Reference should be made in this regard to BS 3693 4) . 3.1.5 In all instruments calibration shall commence from the first extremity of the instrument. Thus tips, rings, handles or base plates shall be included in the dimensioning of the
41、instrument, and the zero point shall be located accordingly. 3.2 Graduation 3.2.1 The instruments shall be divided by graduation marks indicating metres and decimal parts of a metre, or millimetres. Clauses3.2.2 to3.4 shall not apply to land chains, studded steel band chains or levelling staffs. 3.2
42、.2 The length of graduation marks shall be to not more than four orders of magnitude. These shall be as follows: On instruments graduated on one edge only, the length of graduation marks shall, so far as is practicable, be equal to: 1) the whole width of the instrument (first order of magnitude). 2)
43、 two-thirds of the width of the instrument (second order of magnitude). 3) one-half of the width of the instrument (third order of magnitude). 4) one-third of the width of the instrument (fourth order of magnitude). On instruments which are graduated on both edges, the length of the graduation marks
44、 shall be in the same proportion as above, but related to half the width of the instrument. 3.2.3 No graduation mark should be less than2mm in length and all graduation marks of the same order of magnitude shall be of the same length. 3.2.4 The width of the graduation marks should generally be in ac
45、cordance with BS3693-1 5) , but in any case graduation marks having an interval of1mm should not be wider than03mm. 3.2.5 Where material different from that which forms the main part of the instrument would otherwise obscure the graduation and figuring of the instrument (e.g.brass tips or hinges on
46、a boxwood rule) the graduation shall continue on that material. 3.3 Figuring 3.3.1 The figures used should be similar to those specified in BS3693 5) . Similar type faces, such as Granby Bold or Futura, shall be deemed to comply with this standard, provided: 1) the Figure 3 has a flat top and the6 a
47、nd9 have open tails, 2) the width/height ratio is approximately 3:5, and 3) the stroke width/height ratio is between 1:7 and 1:8. 4) BS3693, “Recommendations for the design of scales and indexes” 5) BS3693, “Recommendations for the design of scales and indexes”, Part 1, “Instruments of bold presenta
48、tion and for rapid reading”.BS4484-1:1969 BSI 03-1999 3 3.3.2 The height of the major figures shall be as large as can be accommodated without interference with the graduation marks. Where smaller figures on an instrument are desirable they shall be approximately in the proportion of4/5 and3/5 of th
49、e height of the major digit. 3.3.3 All figures of the same order of magnitude shall be of the same height, except where these are “split” to accommodate other markings (see3.4). All figuring shall be read from left to right of the instrument. 3.4 Other markings. Other markings such as the length of the instrument and the tension and temperature for which it was calibrated (see10.4), the manufacturers name, etc., shall be positioned within the first400mm in such a manner as to cause the least disruption to the general form of graduation and figuring. This may be
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