1、BRITISH STANDARD BS4655:1986 Method for Determination of pile loss of cut-pile and non-loop pile upholstery fabrics UDC 684.733:677 488.3:620.178.162BS4655:1986 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Furniture and Household Equipment StandardsCommittee, was published u
2、nder the authority ofthe Board of BSI and comes intoeffect on 29 August1986 BSI04-1999 First published1970 First revision August 1986 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FHM/7 Draft for comment85/35290DC ISBN 0 580 15242 1 Committees responsible for
3、this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Furniture and Household Equipment Standards Committee (FHM/-) to Technical Committee FHM/7, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Scientists Association of Master Upholsterers Br
4、itish Furniture Manufacturers Federated Associations British Textile Employers Association Chemical Industries Association Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of BSI Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Safety Unit, CS Division) Furnis
5、hing Fabrics Association Furniture Industry Research Association Home Office International Wool Secretariat Knitting Industries Federation Ltd Man-made Fibres Producers Committee Ministry of Defence National Association of Retail Furnishers Textile Research Council Amendments issued since publicatio
6、n Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS4655:1986 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Principle 1 3 Apparatus 1 4 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing 1 5 Preparation of test specimens 1 6 Procedure 1 7 Test report 2 Figure 1 Arrangement of testing
7、device with reference abradant fabric and test specimen in position 2 Table 1 Pile loss rating 2 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS4655:1986 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword This revision of this British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Furniture and Household Equipment Standar
8、ds Committee, and supersedes the1970 edition which is withdrawn. The previous method, designed to indicate large losses in mass due to pile removal known to occur in some upholstery fabrics in use, was based on an abrasion machine specified in BS5690. Experience has shown that this test was not suff
9、iciently stringent. The method now described makes use of a testing device, normally used in assessing colour fastness to rubbing as described in section X12 of BS1006. Interlaboratory trials have shown the method to be reproducible and more realistic than the previous one. A British Standard does n
10、ot purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside
11、front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and many have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS4655:1986 BSI 04-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard
12、describes a method of determining the tendency of all types of cut-pile or non-loop pile upholstery fabrics to lose pile by abrasion against underlying fillings to the extent whereby the loss of pile is visually significant when the surface of the fabric is viewed. The method is primarily intended f
13、or plain velvets or for patterned velvets containing pile of uniform height. NOTE 1To the extent that this tendency to lose pile is highly dependent upon the nature of the underlying filling and the mode of construction of the furniture, and that the assessment of visually significant pile loss is m
14、ade subjectively, this test may be considered as giving an indication only of the tendency to lose pile by this means. The test may not reproduce conditions which might apply when the fabric is in use. NOTE 2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back co
15、ver. 2 Principle The reverse side of a fabric specimen is rubbed, with a reciprocating motion by a reference abradant fabric, under controlled conditions, after which the effect on the face of the fabric, in terms of pile tufts or fibre removed, is visually assessed against a grading scale. 3 Appara
16、tus 3.1 A suitable testing device, as described in4.1.2 of section X12 of BS1006, except that the downward force on the finger is12N. NOTEThe arrangement of the testing device complete with reference abradant fabric and test specimen is shown in Figure 1. The finger is fitted with a screw clamp whic
17、h enables a sample of reference abradant fabric to be fitted over the finger. On the upper surface of the arm, directly above the finger, is a fixture which enables a weight piece(3.2) to be rested and retained during the test. 3.2 Weight piece, of dimensions suitable for fixing to the top of the mo
18、ving arm of the testing device directly above the finger. The mass is such as to ensure that the total downward force on the finger during the test is12N. NOTEOn most commercial testing devices the additional force on the arm to provide the required test force is3N, equivalent to a mass of306g. 3.3
19、Reference abradant fabric, consisting of an expanded PVC coated fabric from which the top surface has subsequently been removed. The expanded PVC exposed is in the form of a tough cellular foam, similar in physical characteristics to polyurethane foam used as upholstery filling, and has a suede-like
20、 surface 1) 4 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing The standard temperate atmosphere for conditioning and testing shall be as defined in BS1051. 5 Preparation of test specimens 5.1 From the sample of fabric to be tested, take three test specimens each measuring230mm 50mm with the longer dimension
21、 corresponding to the width direction of the fabric. In the case of multi-patterned fabrics, select the specimens such that representative areas of pattern are tested; in the case of face-to-face woven velvets, select one set of three specimens from an area with the maximum amount of long pile ends
22、on the back of the sample, since these areas are those most susceptible to pile loss due to abrasion against underlying fillings. Where more than one area needs to be tested, carry out the test on three test specimens from each area. In the case of figured velvets, representative areas shall include
23、 maximum available areas of uninterrupted pile, and in the case of velvets containing patterned and plain areas, parts of the pattern containing the largest areas of plain pile available shall be sampled as well as patterned areas. If the structure of the velvet is such that pile yarns bridge the pa
24、tterned areas by running along the back of the velvets, then the areas containing most of this type of pile shall also be sampled. 5.2 Condition each test specimen in the standard temperate atmosphere for testing textiles, as specified in clause4, for at least16h and carry out the test under these c
25、onditions. 6 Procedure 6.1 Raise the movable arm of the testing device and mount one specimen, with the pile downwards, on and between the rows of pins on the testing device platform and the row of pins on the tension wheel. Turn the tension wheel to tension the specimen between the pins before tigh
26、tening it to clamp the specimen. 6.2 Mount a suitably sized circle of the reference abradant fabric(3.3) face downwards on the end of the finger fixed to the movable arm of the testing device(3.1) and clamp it in position using the screw clamp. Renew the reference abradant fabric for each specimen t
27、o be tested. 1) For details of the source of supply of a suitable abradant fabric, apply to Enquiry Section, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK146LE, enclosing a stamped addressed envelope for reply.BS4655:1986 2 BSI 04-1999 6.3 Lower the movable arm of the testing device onto the test specimen an
28、d mount the weight piece on the upper side of the arm above the finger. 6.4 Subject the back of the fabric to30rub cycles (i.e.30 movements in each direction) at a rate of one cycle per second. Lightly mark the limits of the area subjected to abrasion, then remove the test specimen prior to assessme
29、nt. NOTEPins, or small self-adhesive labels, lightly affixed to the pile surface are convenient means of marking the specimen. 6.5 Assess the fabric, under the conditions of illumination specified in BS950:1, by direct comparison with an equivalent untested area of the same fabric. For figured and p
30、atterned fabric, carry out the comparison by replacing the tested specimen within the exact area from which it was cut. In particular, assess boundary areas between pile and non-pile sections of the fabric. Visually assess the effect of the test on the face of the fabric in terms of pile tufts or fi
31、bre removed, using the subjective scale given in Table 1. The grades of assessment of the effect on the pile surface (and on the back where this needs to be carried out) refer to the tested area only of each specimen. Record the maximum effect on the test specimen. 6.6 Repeat the procedure on each t
32、est specimen. Table 1 Pile loss rating 7 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e.BS4655:1986; b) the date of the test; c) the pile loss rating for each specimen tested; d) if, in the case of patterned velvet, the loss
33、of pile is restricted to, or more noticeable on, specific areas of the pattern; e) if, in the case of patterned or figured velvets, the loss of pile is predominant in boundary areas of the pattern, and also whether these coincide with pile yarns running along the back of the velvet between adjacent
34、length-ways portions of the surface pile pattern containing the colours of these yarns; Figure 1 Arrangement of testing device with reference abradant fabric and testspecimeninposition Pile loss rating Description N No visible effect I Isolated single tufts of pile missing, giving rise to a pinholed
35、 type of appearance D Small discrete areas devoid of several adjacent tufts of pile C A continuous band of pile removed along the line of testBS4655:1986 BSI 04-1999 3 f) if the pile loss is more noticeable at the ends of the rubbed area, i.e.where the direction of rub reverses; g) details of any de
36、viation from the specified procedure. If the test report includes descriptions characterized under the headings d) and e) above, clearly describe the specific areas affected in order to assist identification without reference to sight of the test specimens. Include in the description of the test are
37、as the criteria used to select these areas as given in5.1.4 blankBS4655:1986 BSI 04-1999 Publications referred to BS950, Specification for artificial daylight for the assessment of colour. BS950-1, Illuminant for colour matching and colour appraisal. BS1006, Methods of test for colour fastness of te
38、xtiles and leather. BS1051, Glossary of terms relating to the conditioning, testing and mass determination of textiles. BS5690, Method of test for determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics 2) . 2) Referred to in the foreword onlyBS4655:1986 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBriti
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