1、BRITISH STANDARDBS 476-22:1987Fire tests on building materials and structures Part 22: Methods for determination of the fire resistance of non-loadbearing elements of constructionUDC 614.841.332:620.1:69.01:699.811987Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1ICS 13.220.50BS 476-22:1987This British Standard, ha
2、ving been prepared under the direction of the Fire Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 29 May 1987 BSI 12-1998The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FSM/1 Drafts for comment 84/38385 DC whe
3、re these form an integral part of the element, the test construction shall incorporate them in a representative manner. When the services and associated fittings are not an integral part of the element but may be fitted subsequently in a manner that may have an adverse effect on the fire resistance
4、of the element, these shall be subject to a separate test.5.2.4 Test construction and condition. The construction and condition of the specimen shall be in accordance with BS 476-20 except for the requirements for fixity and loading (see A.1.4).BS 476-22:19871 The British Standards Institution 2014B
5、S 476-22:19872 BSI 12-19985.3 Specimen installation5.3.1 Where the test specimen is smaller than the element in practice, three edges shall be installed as in practice (see A.1.3) and one vertical edge shall have freedom of movement. When testing a partition where lateral thermal expansion is likely
6、 to occur during heating, which would be resisted in practice, no allowance should be made for expansion in the mounting of the test specimen.5.3.2 When the test specimen is full size, it shall be subjected to similar edge and end conditions as would be applied in practice.5.3.3 A partition that is
7、to be tested with freedom of movement along its vertical edge shall be mounted in such a manner that the gap between the specimen support frame of the furnace surround is sealed with a resilient mineral fibre gasket such that it shall not restrict the freedom of movement due to frictional forces, bu
8、t will resist the penetration of hot gases.5.4 Examination of specimen5.4.1 Establish the dimensions and properties of the materials used in the construction of the specimen in accordance with BS 476-20 (see A.1.4).5.4.2 Mount the test construction vertically in front of the furnace.5.4.3 Position t
9、he furnace control thermocouples at not less than one to every 1.5 m2, or part thereof, of the exposed surface area, with a minimum of four for specimens of less than 6 m2with the exposed surface area being the nominal area measured in the plane of the specimen. Distribute the thermocouples uniforml
10、y ensuring that no thermocouple is closer than 500 mm from the furnace walls, and with the thermocouple hot junctions at 100 10 mm from the surface of the specimen at the start of the heating period. Where the surface is irregular, measure the 100 10 mm from the median depth provided the junction is
11、 not nearer than 50 mm from any part of the exposed surface.For partitions that incorporate glazing, place one thermocouple directly in front of a glazed area for every 20 % of the specimen area taken up by glazing.NOTE When the area of glass is less than 20 % of the specimen area, no special requir
12、ements apply.5.4.4 Position at least one pressure sensing head in the furnace such that the pressure conditions in the furnace are measured and controlled in accordance with BS 476-20, and so that the sensing heads do not interfere with the deflection of the specimen.5.4.5 Position five surface temp
13、erature measuring thermocouples with one placed approximately in the centre of the specimen and one at the centre of each quarter section. Do not fix these thermocouples to any glazing unless the glass is designed to provide insulation (but see note to 5.4.6).Where the unexposed face of an element c
14、omprises more than one material, e.g. glazing designed to provide insulation in a timber panel, place at least one thermocouple on each component material.Where the partition incorporates doors or doorsets, test these in accordance with clause 6. Where the partition incorporates more than 50 % of gl
15、azed screen, test the partition and glazed screen as glazing in accordance with clause 10 unless the glazing is designed to provide insulation when the partition is tested as a partition in accordance with this clause.5.4.6 Attach additional surface temperature measuring thermocouples at positions o
16、ther than those specified to determine the temperature at other points on the surface where the temperature rise is likely to be higher than elsewhere due to lower levels of insulation, and which may be required for evaluation of the maximum temperature rise.Do not fix thermocouples to the free edge
17、s of partitions (see 5.3.2).NOTE When partitions incorporate glazing, it may be necessary to fix additional thermocouples to the glazing in order to determine the time at which the use of the cotton pad should be discontinued.5.4.7 When additional information is required with respect to internal tem
18、peratures, e.g. cavities or temperatures of individual components, fix any additional thermocouples that have not been incorporated during construction in accordance with BS 476-20.5.4.8 Locate in position, and attach if necessary, the deflection measuring equipment at the anticipated point of maxim
19、um deflection. Where this position cannot be predetermined, take more than one deflection measurement and report the maximum deflection measured.5.4.9 When a partition is to be examined for the amount of heat being radiated from the surface, position the radiometer in front of the partition before t
20、he start of the test, at such a distance that the field of view of its sensing unit circumscribes the specimen area.5.5 Test procedure5.5.1 General. Carry out the test in accordance with BS 476-20 and make any observations on the behaviour of the specimen.BS 476-22:1987 The British Standards Institu
21、tion 2014BS 476-22:1987 BSI 12-1998 35.5.2 Integrity. Monitor the unexposed face of the specimen for evaluation of the integrity in accordance with clause 9 of BS 476-20:1987.5.5.3 Insulation5.5.3.1 Measure the temperature rise of the unexposed face for evaluation of the insulation in accordance wit
22、h clause 9 of BS 476-20:1987 for both the mean temperature rise and the maximum temperature rise, using the thermocouples specified in 5.4.5 and 5.4.6. Use the measurements from the roving thermocouple, when employed, and from the additional fixed thermocouples only for determining maximum temperatu
23、re rise.5.5.3.2 If during the test a thermocouple is known to be heated directly by gases passing through the specimen from the furnace, for example owing to the occurrence of shrinkage, cracking or distortion, do not use the readings obtained from it for the purpose of determining compliance with t
24、he criterion of either mean or maximum unexposed face temperature rise and report this fact. If more than two of the thermocouples that are intended to be used in determining the mean temperature rise are affected, do not assess the specimen for compliance with the criterion for mean temperature ris
25、e and report this occurrence.5.5.4 Irradiance. Monitor the irradiance of the unexposed face of any construction that is not designed to satisfy the insulation criterion by means of the radiometer described in BS 476-20.5.5.5 Deflection. Monitor the maximum deflection of the specimen.5.6 Criteria of
26、failure, expression of results and test report5.6.1 Criteria of failure. The fire resistance of a partition shall be determined with respect to integrity and insulation. The criteria of failure shall be as given in 10.3 and 10.4 of BS 476-20:1987 respectively.5.6.2 Expression of results. The results
27、 shall be stated in terms of elapsed time to the nearest minute, between the commencement of heating and the time of failure in accordance with BS 476-20 with respect to the two criteria given in 5.6.1.When the irradiance from the unexposed face of the specimen has been monitored the mean irradiance
28、 shall be reported in a graph or table with respect to time.The distance from the surface at which these values were obtained shall be given together with the angle of view of the radiometer.NOTE An example of the method of expressing the results is given in A.11 of BS 476-20:1987.5.6.3 Test report.
29、 The test report shall include the results (see 5.6.2) and any observations, together with the other requirements given in clause 12 of BS 476-20:1987. In addition, the report shall state the maximum lateral deflection and the position at which this occurred, together with the reasons for testing fr
30、om one side only and the mode of failure, if applicable.6 Determination of the fire resistance of fully insulated doorsets and shutter assemblies6.1 GeneralThis clause describes a method for the determination of the fire resistance of fully insulated doorsets, shutter assemblies, lift landing doors
31、and other essentially vertical separating elements designed in such a manner as to allow the ingress of personnel or goods during normal operation, but also designed to withstand exposure to fire from one or either side when closed (see A.2.1).NOTE Fully insulated doorsets and shutter assemblies are
32、 those designed to provide insulation for the expected duration of the test.6.2 Test specimen6.2.1 Number of specimens. Doorsets and shutter assemblies shall be tested from both sides, i.e. two specimens, unless the doorset or shutter assembly, including the hardware, is entirely symmetrical or unle
33、ss the weakest direction can be clearly identified, or unless the doorset or shutter assembly is known to be exposed to fully developed fire from one side only, e.g. certain lift landing doors. If testing is carried out from one side only, i.e. one specimen, the reason for this shall be clearly stat
34、ed in the report.6.2.2 Size of specimen6.2.2.1 The test specimen shall be full size and shall be mounted within an appropriate section of associated construction, i.e. of the type to be used in practice or satisfying the requirements of 6.3.1, to provide a representative size of test construction wh
35、ich complies with 4.5 of BS 476-20:1987.6.2.2.2 If the size of the door assembly in practice is larger than can be accommodated in the furnace, it shall be tested at a dimension to enable the door and associated construction to be accommodated in a furnace having minimum dimensions of 3 m 3 m.NOTE A
36、pplication of the results to an element of larger dimensions than that tested should be based on knowledgeable extrapolation of the test results (see A.2.2).BS 476-22:19873 The British Standards Institution 2014BS 476-22:19874 BSI 12-19986.2.3 Design of specimen6.2.3.1 The specimen shall be designed
37、 and constructed as used in practice. The final decorative treatments, e.g. painting or veneering, may be excluded unless these are likely to significantly increase or decrease the fire resistance of the assembly. If the doorset does not incorporate a sill, the specimen shall have either a non-combu
38、stible sill or a sill covered with non-combustible material.6.2.3.2 The test construction shall incorporate all hardware essential for the provision of the fire resistance of the element in practice. It is not necessary to test floor springs and devices fixed only to the test construction, where, on
39、ce closing has been achieved, other components are responsible for providing the maintenance of the closed condition, e.g. the latch on a hinged door leaf (see A.2.3).6.2.3.3 In the case of pre-hung doorsets, steel sliding or folding doors or roller shutters which are manufactured in such a manner t
40、hat the gaps between the edge of the opening element and the fixed frame cannot be modified during installation, the specimen shall be constructed with gaps that are representative of normal practice. Where this cannot be established, no gap shall be less than3mm.6.2.4 Specimen construction and cond
41、ition.The construction and condition of the specimen shall be in accordance with BS 476-20.6.3 Specimen installation6.3.1 The specimens shall be mounted in an associated construction of a wall or partition of the type to be used in practice or, if not known, in a construction which has a known fire
42、resistance greater than that anticipated for the specimen being tested. The construction shall be of sufficient strength to resist any thermally induced stresses that may develop during the test and shall be capable of providing adequate fixing.6.3.2 The method of fixing the specimen to the associat
43、ed construction shall be representative of that to be used in practice. The doorsets shall be in the closed position with any latching or bolting hardware engaged but not locked (see A.2.4).6.4 Examination of specimen6.4.1 Establish the dimensions and properties of the materials used in the construc
44、tion of the specimen (see A.2.5) in accordance with BS 476-20.6.4.2 Mount the specimen in its associated construction (see 6.3) vertically in front of the furnace.6.4.3 Position the furnace control thermocouples at not less than one to every 1.5 m2, or part thereof, of the exposed surface area of th
45、e test construction (ignoring the area of any furnace closure) with a minimum of four for test constructions of less than6m2, with the exposed surface being the nominal area measured in the plane of the test construction. Distribute the thermocouples uniformly ensuring no thermocouple is closer than
46、 500 mm from the furnace walls, and with the thermocouple hot junction at 100 10 mm from the surface at the start of the heating period. Ignore any irregularities such as architraves and hardware and position the thermocouples so that the position does not vary during the heating period by more than
47、 50 mm. For doors and shutters that incorporate glazing, place one thermocouple directly in front of the glazed area for every 20 % of the specimen area taken up by glazing.NOTE When the area of glass is less than 20 % of the specimen area, no special positioning is required.6.4.4 Position at least
48、one pressure sensing head in the furnace such that the pressure conditions in the furnace are measured and controlled in accordance with BS 476-20, and so that the sensing heads do not interfere with the deflection of the specimen.6.4.5 Fix surface temperature monitoring thermocouples, in order to m
49、easure the unexposed face temperature rise of the specimen in accordance with BS 476-20, positioning them as follows.a) At the centre of the specimen and one in the centre of each quarter section. Do not locate thermocouples within 50 mm of a stiffener or a through member or within 50 mm of a joint between one moving element and another or any moving element and the fixed frame. Where head and/or side panels are incorporated, fix two additional thermocouples to each panel.b) On stiffeners or other locations on the door leaf (or leaves) which may be hotter than the average on t
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