BS 476-7-1997 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of flame of products《建筑材料和构件燃烧试验 第7部分 测定制品火焰表面蔓.pdf

1、|BRITISH STANDARDBS 476 :Part 7 : 1997ICS 13.220.50NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWFire tests on buildingmaterials and structuresPart 7. Method of test to determine theclassification of the surface spread offlame of productsBS 476 : Part 7 : 1997Incorporating Co

2、rrigendum No. 1This British Standard, havingbeen prepared under thedirection of the ConsumerProducts and Services SectorBoard, was published under theauthority of the Standards Boardand comes into effect on15 January 1997 BSI 1997First published as BS 476December 1932Second edition July 1953First pu

3、blished as BS 476 : Part 7February 1971Second edition June 1987Third edition January 1997The following BSI referencesrelate to the work on thisstandard:Committee reference FSH/21Draft for comment 94/307806 DCISBN 0 580 26298 7BS 476 : Part 7 : 1997Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Tex

4、t affectedCommittees responsible for thisBritish StandardThe preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical CommitteeFSH/21, Reaction to fire tests, upon which the following bodies were represented:Association of Building Component ManufacturersAssociation of Roof Light Manufacturer

5、sAutoclaved Aerated Concrete Products AssociationBritish Carpet Manufacturers Association Ltd.British Iron and Steel Producers AssociationBritish Plastics FederationBritish Railways BoardBritish Resilient Flooring Manufacturers AssociationBritish Rigid Urethane Foam Manufacturers AssociationBritish

6、Wood Preserving and Damp-proofing AssociationChemical Industries AssociationChief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers AssociationDepartment of HealthDepartment of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)Department of the Environment (Property and Buildings Directorate)Department of the Enviro

7、nment for Northern IrelandEurisol (UK Mineral Wool Association)European Phenolic Foam AssociationFibre Cement Manufacturers Association LimitedFlat Glass Manufacturers AssociationGAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.)Gypsum Products Development AssociationHome OfficeInstitute of Fire SafetyInstitution of Fire Enginee

8、rsLondon Fire and Civil Defence AuthorityLoss Prevention CouncilNational Council of Building Material ProducersNational GRP Construction and Engineering FederationPolyethylene Foam Insulation AssociationQueen Mary and Westfield CollegeRAPRATechnology Ltd.Specialist Ceilings and Interiors Association

9、 Ltd.Thermal Insulation Manufacturers and Suppliers Association (TIMSA)Timber Research and Development AssociationWarrington Fire Research CentreWood Panel Industries FederationWood Wool Slab Manufacturers AssociationCo-opted membersThe following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the s

10、tandard, throughsubcommittees and panels:British Textile Technology GroupUniversity of EdinburghBS 476 : Part 7 : 1997ISBN 978 0 580 85682 2Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsC1 March 2014 Information added to ForewordThis British Standard, having been prepared under

11、 the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1997 The British Standards Institution 2014 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014First published as BS 476 December 1932 Second edition Ju

12、ly 1953 First published as BS 476 : Part 7 February 1971 Second edition June 1987 Third edition January 1997The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FSH/21 Draft for comment 94/307806 DCBS 476 : Part 7 : 1997 BSI 1997 iContentsPageForeword iiMethod1 Scope

13、 12 Normative references 13 Definitions 14 Suitability of a product for testing 25 Test specimens 26 Apparatus 37 Ancillary equipment 118 Calibration 129 Test procedure 1310 Recording of results 1411 Classification of results 1412 Report 15AnnexesA (informative) Guidance for operators 16B (informati

14、ve) Effect of thermal characteristics on the performance ofassemblies 16C (informative) Validation of test method 17Tables1 Irradiance along horizontal reference line on the calibration board 132 Classification of spread of flame 15Figures1 General arrangement of a typical apparatus 52 Typical desig

15、n of specimen holder 63 Position of specimen holder in relation to radiation panel 84 Position of pilot burner in relation to surface of specimen 95 Typical diagrammatic arrangement of gas and air supply 106 Calibration board 127 Reference lines to assist surface spread of flame classification 14Lis

16、t of references Inside back coverBS 476 : Part 7 : 1997i The British Standards Institution 2014ii BSI 1997BS 476 : Part 7 : 1997ForewordThis Part of BS 476 has been prepared by Technical Committee FSH/21. It supersedesBS 476 : Part 7 : 1987, which is withdrawn, but both the 1971 and 1987 editions wi

17、ll stillbe made available on request since they are referred to in building regulations andother legislative documents.NOTE. Upon publication of BS 476 : Part 7 : 1996, BSI Customer Services Department will respond topurchase orders for BS 476 : Part 7 by supplying the 1996 edition. Copies of the 19

18、87 or 1971 editions maybe obtained by quoting the number BS 476/7/87 or BS 476/7/71 respectively.This revision has been prepared with the aim of improving the repeatability andreproducibility of the test results by clarifying procedures and by giving additionalguidance to test operators. The changes

19、 incorporated into this revision are notexpected to cause changes in material classifications.In this method, specimens of the product (material, composite or assembly) aresubjected to a specified heating and ignition regime. The test takes account of thecombined effect of factors such as ignition c

20、haracteristics and the extent to which theflame spreads over the surface of the product under opposed flow conditions. Theinfluence of any underlying materials on these factors, in relation to their ability toinfluence the rate of fire growth, is also taken into account. The test result is a functio

21、nof the distance and rate of, the lateral spread of flame; and this is classified accordingto performance as classes 1 to 4.A series of new reaction to fire tests is under development in ISO/TC92/SC1, Reactionto fire tests. The UK is participating in this work, which will define small-scale,intermed

22、iate-scale and large-scale tests for ignitability, heat release rate and flamepropagation. ISO 5658 will cover spread of flame: Part 1 giving guidance on spread offlame and Part 2 measuring opposed flow lateral spread of flame along the surface of aspecimen of a product in the vertical position. Par

23、t 2 will be implemented as BS 476 :Part 14. The radiant panel used in ISO 5658-2 is smaller than that in this Part ofBS 476 but, by inclining the panel to the specimen at 15, the heat flux at the hot end ofthe specimen is increased to 50 kW/m2. Part 3 of ISO 5658, which is also underdevelopment, ref

24、ers to this procedure as the LIFT (lateral ignition and flame spreadtest) and it is expected to provide more fundamental data for mathematical modellingthan ISO 5658-2 or this Part of BS 476.Attention is drawn to the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, and the need toensure that the method of t

25、est specified in this standard is carried out under suitableenvironmental conditions to provide adequate protection to personnel against the riskof fire and inhalation of smoke and/or toxic products of combustion.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunityfrom legal obligat

26、ions.ii BSI 1997BS 476 : Part 7 : 1997ForewordThis Part of BS 476 has been prepared by Technical Committee FSH/21. It supersedesBS 476 : Part 7 : 1987, which is withdrawn, but both the 1971 and 1987 editions will stillbe made available on request since they are referred to in building regulations an

27、dother legislative documents.NOTE. Upon publication of BS 476 : Part 7 : 1996, BSI Customer Services Department will respond topurchase orders for BS 476 : Part 7 by supplying the 1996 edition. Copies of the 1987 or 1971 editions mayobtained by quoting the number BS 476/7/87 or BS 476/7/71 respectiv

28、ely.This revision has been prepared with the aim of improving the repeatability andreproducibility of the test results by clarifying procedures and by giving additionalguidance to test operators. The changes incorporated into this revision are notexpected to cause changes in material classifications

29、.In this method, specimens of the product (material, composite or assembly) aresubjected to a specified heating and ignition regime. The test takes account of thecombined effect of factors such as ignition characteristics and the extent to which theflame spreads over the surface of the product under

30、 opposed flow conditions. Theinfluence of any underlying materials on these factors, in relation to their ability toinfluence the rate of fire growth, is also taken into account. The test result is a functionof the distance and rate of, the lateral spread of flame; and this is classified accordingto

31、 performance as classes 1 to 4.A series of new reaction to fire tests is under development in ISO/TC92/SC1, Reactionto fire tests. The UK is participating in this work, which will define small-scale,intermediate-scale and large-scale tests for ignitability, heat release rate and flamepropagation. IS

32、O 5658 will cover spread of flame: Part 1 giving guidance on spread offlame and Part 2 measuring opposed flow lateral spread of flame along the surface of aspecimen of a product in the vertical position. Part 2 will be implemented as BS 476 :Part 14. The radiant panel used in ISO 5658-2 is smaller t

33、han that in this Part ofBS 476 but, by inclining the panel to the specimen at 15, the heat flux at the hot end ofthe specimen is increased to 50 kW/m2. Part 3 of ISO 5658, which is also underdevelopment, refers to this procedure as the LIFT (lateral ignition and flame spreadtest) and it is expected

34、to provide more fundamental data for mathematical modellingthan ISO 5658-2 or this Part of BS 476.Attention is drawn to the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, and the need toensure that the method of test specified in this standard is carried out under suitableenvironmental conditions to provi

35、de adequate protection to personnel against the riskof fire and inhalation of smoke and/or toxic products of combustion.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS 476 : Part 7 : 1997ii The British Standards Institution 2014This part of BS 476 is pu

36、blished by BSI Standards Limited, under licence from The British Standards Institution.This standard has been superseded by the current BS EN 13823, but it has been retained based on legitimate need for the standards within non-EU markets.This publication does not purport to include all the necessar

37、y provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages 1 to 18 and a back cover. BSI 1997 1BS 476

38、 : Part 7 : 1997Method1 ScopeThis Part of BS 476 specifies a method of test formeasuring the lateral spread of flame along thesurface of a specimen of a product orientated in thevertical position under opposed flow conditions, anda classification system based on the rate and extentof the spread of f

39、lame. It provides data suitable forcomparing the end-use performances of essentiallyflat materials, composites or assemblies, which areused primarily as the exposed surfaces of walls orceilings.Annex A gives guidance to operators carrying outthis method of test. Annex B discusses the effect oftherma

40、l characteristics on the performance ofassemblies and gives advice on the construction andpreparation of test specimens. Annex C givesinformation on the validation of this method.NOTE. The test results relate only to the behaviour of the testspecimens of the product under the particular conditions o

41、f test;they are not intended to be the sole criterion for assessing thepotential fire hazard of the product in use.2 Normative referencesThis Part of BS 476 incorporates, by dated orundated reference, provisions from otherpublications. These normative references are madeat the appropriate places in

42、the text and the citedpublications are listed on the inside back cover. Fordated references, only the edition cited applies; anysubsequent amendments to or revisions of the citedpublication apply to this Part of BS 476 only whenincorporated in the reference by amendment orrevision. For undated refer

43、ences, the latest edition ofthe cited publication applies, together with anyamendments.3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, thedefinitions given in BS 4422 : Part 1 : 1987,Part 2 : 1990, and Part 5 : 1989, and BS 476 :Part 10 : 1983 apply, together with the following:3.1 exposed s

44、urface(s)Surface(s) of the product subjected to the heatingconditions of the test.3.2 spread of flamePropagation of a flame front over the surface of aproduct under the influence of imposed irradiance.3.3 flame frontFurthest extent of travel of a coherent flame alongthe reference line marked on the

45、test specimen.3.4 irradiance (at a point on a surface)Total thermal radiant flux incident on aninfinitesimal element of the surface containing thepoint, divided by the area of that element.3.5 essentially flat surfaceSurface from which specimens can be obtained thathave an irregularity from a flat p

46、lane which is lessthan3 mm.3.6 flashingExistence of a flame on or over the surface of thespecimen for periods of less than 1 s.3.7 transitory flamingExistence of flame on or over the surface of thespecimen for periods of between 1 s and 3 s.3.8 sustained flamingExistence of flame on or over the surf

47、ace of thespecimen for periods of over 3 s.3.9 radiant exitance (at a point on a surface)Quotient of the radiant flux leaving an element of thesurface containing the point, divided by the area ofthat element.3.10 materialSingle substance or uniformly dispersed mixture, e.g.metal, stone, timber, conc

48、rete, mineral fibre,polymers.3.11 productMaterial, composite or assembly about whichinformation is required.3.12 substrateMaterial used, or representative of that used,immediately beneath a surface in end-use; e.g. fibrecement board beneath a floor covering.3.13 assemblyFabrication of materials and/

49、or composites that cancontain air gaps.3.14 compositeCombination of materials which are generallyrecognized in building constructions as discreteentities, e.g. coated or laminated materials.3.15 thin filmDiscrete surface layer or coating having a thicknessless than or equal to 50 mm.BS 476 : Part 7 : 19971 The British Standards Institution 20142 BSI 1997BS 476 : Part 7 : 19974 Suitability of a product for testing4.1 Surface characteristics4.