BS 4974-1975 Specification for water for lead-acid batteries《铅酸电池用水规范》.pdf

1、Specification for Water for lead-acid batteries Gr 6 British Standards Institution “his British Standard, having been approved by the Chemicals Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on British Standards Institution, 1975. 29 August 1975. ISBN: O 580 0

2、7826 4 Copyright Users of British Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all BSI publications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of nece

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7、Enquiries concerning subscribing membership, which has considerable advantages, will be welcomed, and should be made to Subscriptions Department. Both departments are located at: 101 Pentonviile Road, London N1 9MD (Telephone 01-837 8801; Telex 23218). The following BSI references relate to the work

8、 on this standard: Committee reference CIC/8 Draft for comment 71/53575 Co-operating organizations The Chemical Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and industrial organizations

9、: Association of Fatty Acld Distillers British Steel Industry Chemical Industries Association Department of Health and Social Security Department of Industry “Department of Industry-Laboratory of the Government Chemist Fertilizer Manufacturers Association Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food

10、“National Sulphuric Acid Association Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene Soap and Detergent Industry Association Society for Analytical Chemistry The Government department and industrial organization marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly repre

11、sented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: British Battery Makers Society Ministry of Defence 7508 -2k-B Post Office Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. BS 4974 : 1975 UDC 621.355.2.035.221.62 : 663.63 Amd. No. Specification for Date of issue Text af

12、fected Water for lead-acid batteries British Standards Institution - 2 Park Street - London WIA 2BS Telephone O1 -629 9000 Telex 266933 BS 4974 : 1975 Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword 2 Specif isation 1. Scope 2. Grade A water 3. Grade B water 3 3 3 Appendices A.

13、Method for the determination of manganese content 5 e Page B. Method for the determination of sulphated residue on ignition C. Method for the determination of chloride con tent D. Method for the determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content E. Method for the determination of nitrogen oxides content F

14、. Method for the determination of iron content G. Method for the determination of copper content H. Method for the determination of conductivity 6 6 7 9 10 11 8 13 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the Chemicals Industry Standards Committee following receipt of

15、a request from the Ministry of Defence to provide a specification for a grade of water suitable for lead-acid batteries. Two grades of water are specified. The specification for Grade A gives requirements for distilled or de-ionized water which should preferably be used whenever it is available and

16、should always be used for counter-EMF cells. The specification for Grade B represents the minimum grade of water that can be used for certain other types of battery only, by agreement with the manufacturer. A separate British Standard is in preparation that will give specifications for water for use

17、 in alkaline cells. lead-acid batteries (limits for impurities). should be taken to ensure that the container does not contaminate the water; the use of glass or plastics containers is recommended. Certification. Attention is drawn to the certification facilities described on the inside back cover o

18、f this standard. The methods of test specified are as far as possible the same as those in BS 303 1, Sulphuric acid for use in Particular attention should be paid to the storage of water for the maintenance of electric batteries. Care 2 British Standard Specification for Water for lead-acid batterie

19、s 1. Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for two grades of water for lead-acid batteries. Grade A water is an all-purpose quality which should preferably be used. Grade B is the minimum quality of water which can be used for certain types of battery only, by agreement with the manufac

20、turer. NOTE. The titles of the British Standards referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2. Grade A water 2.1 Description. The material shall be water purified by distillation or ion exchange. It shall be clear and colourless when viewed through a depth of 300 mm. 2.2 Condu

21、ctivity. The material shall not have a conductivity greater than 1 mS/mx, measured at 20 OC, when tested by the method described in Appendix H. 2.3 Manganese content. The material shall not contain more than 0.1 mg of manganese, Mn, per kilogram, determined and calculated by the method described in

22、Appendix A. 2.4 Sample. For the purpose of examination in accordance with this specification, a representative sample of the material not less than 2000 ml in volume shall be taken from the bulk. The sample shall be placed in a clean, dry and airtight glass-stoppered.hottle of borosilicate glass of

23、such a size that it is nearly filled by the sample. If it is necessary to seal the bottle, care shall be taken to avoid contaminating the contenfs in any way. 2.5 Packaging and marking. The material shall be supplied in sound, clean containers of glass, polyethylene or other suitable plastics materi

24、al, or as otherwise agreed between the purchaser and the vendor. Identification and marking shall mention this British Standard, i.e. BS 4974, and Grade A, and shall also be in accordance with the contract. 3. Grade B water 3.1 Description. The material shd be water, free from matter in suspension a

25、nd shall be colourless when viewed through a depth of 300 mm. 3.2 Sulphated residue on ignition. The material shall not leave more than 150 mg of sulphated residue per kilogram, determined and calculated by the method described in Appendix B. 3.3 Chloride content. The material shall not contain more

26、 than 10 mg of chloride, expressed as CI, per Idogram, determined and calculated by the method described in Appendix C. 3.4 Ammoniacal nitrogen content. The material shall not contain more than 10 mg of ammoniacal nitrogen, expressed as NH, per kilogram, determined and calculated by the method descr

27、ibed in Appendix D. 3.5 Nitrogen oxides content. The material shall not contain more than 3 mg of nitrogen oxides, expressed as N, per kilogram, determined and calculated by the method described in Appendix E. 3.6 Iron content. The material shall not contain more than 5 mg of iron, Fe, per kilogram,

28、 determined and calculated by the method described in Appendix F. 3.7 Copper content. The material shall not contain more than 5 mg of copper, Cu, per kilogram, determined and calculated by the method described in Appendix G. * 1 S (siemens) = l/a (mho) 1 mS/m = 10 pmho/cm 3 BS 4974 : 1975 3.8 Manga

29、nese content. The material shall not contain more than O. 1 mg of manganese, Mn, per kilogram, determined and calculated by the method described in Appendix A. 3.9 Sample. For the purpose of examination in accordance with this specification, a representative sample of the material not less than 2000

30、 ml in volume shall be taken from the bulk. The sample shall be placed in a clean, dry and airtight, glass-stoppered bottle of borosilicate glass of such a size that it is nearly filed by the sample. If it is necessary to seal the bottle, care shall be taken to avoid contaminating the contents in an

31、y way. 3.10 Packaging and marking. The material shall be supplied in sound, clean containers of glass, polyethylene or other suitable plastics material, or as otherwise agreed between the purchaser and the vendor. Identification and marking shall mention this British Standard, i.e. BS 4974, and Grad

32、e B, and shall also be in accordance with the contract. 4 BSI Appendix A Method for the determination sf manganese content A.l Outline of method The manganese present is oxidized with potassium periodate and the permanganate formed is determined photometrically or, alternatively, by visual compariso

33、n. A.2 Apparatus The apparatus required is the following: cylinders complying with the requirements of BS 6 12. (1) Photoelectric absorptiometer“ or specrophotometer with 4 cm cells. Alternatively, matched Nessler (2) Eight one-mark volumehic flasks, 100 ml capacity, complying with the requirements

34、of BS 1792. A.3 Reagents The reagents used shall be of a recognized analytical reagent quality. Water complying with the requirements of BS 3978 shall be used throughout. (1) Sztlphuiic acid, concentrated, 98 % (m/m) (36). (2) Oxidizing solution. Mix 250 mi of concentrated nitric acid, 70 % (m/m) (1

35、6N), 60 ml of orthophosphoric (3) Standard manganese solution. Place in a 400 ml beaker a volume of freshly standardized 0.1N (0.02) acid, 90 9% (m/m) (48), and 2.5 g of potassium periodate and dilute to 1000 ml with water. potassium permanganate solution calculated from the formula: 4.55 ml normali

36、ty of solution Dilute to about 150 ml and add 5 ml of the Sulphuric acid (A.3 (1) ). Carefully add 10 g/l sodium metabisulphite solution, stirring constantly, until the solution is just decolorized. Heat to boiling and boil for 10 min. Cool, transfer to a 1000 ml one-mark volumetric flask and dilute

37、 to the mark with water. Further dilute 200 ml of this solution to 1000 ml. 1 ml of the diluted solution = 10 pg Mn. A.4 Procedure A.4.1 Preparation of colour standards. Into six 250 ml beakers transfer amounts of the standard manganese solution containing from O (blank) to 50 pg of manganese, incre

38、asing by stages of 10 pg, and treat each solution in the following manner: Add 15 ml of the sulphuric acid, heat to boiling and evaporate until dense white fumes are evolved, reducing the volume to between 5 ml and 10 ml. Ailow to cool, cautiously dilute to about 25 ml and add 70 ml of the oxidizing

39、 solution. Heat to boiling and bo3 the solution for 4 min, then cool rapidly to room temperature. Transfer the solution to a 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask and dilute to the mark with water- These colour standards are used directly for visual comparison. If an instrument is to be used, measure the

40、 absorbances of the solutions at a wavelength of 520 nm, using the blank as reference standard, and prepare a calibration chart. k4.2 Determination. Transfer 200 ml of the sample to a 500 ml beaker, add 15 ml of the sulphuric acid, heat to boiling and evaporate until dense white fumes are evolved, r

41、educing the volume to between 5 ml and 10 ml. Allow to cool, cautiously dilute to about 25 ml and add 70 ml of the oxidizing solution. Heat to boiling and boil the solution for 4 min, then cool rapidly to room temperature. Transfer the solution to a 100 ml one-mark volumetric flask and dilute to the

42、 mark with water. At the same time carry out a blank test on the reagents alone. Measure the absorbance of the solution at a wavelength of 520 nm using the reagent blank as reference Alternatively, compare the colour of the solution with the series of prepared colour standards in matched standard, a

43、nd read the amount of manganese present from the calibration chart (see A.4.1). Nessler cylinders, noting the manganese content of the standard that most nearly matches the test solution. * For use with a photoelectric absorptiometer, an Ilford 604 filter is suitable. 5 BS 4974 : 1975 8.5 Calculatio

44、n Manganese content, expressed as milligrams of manganese, Mn, per kilogram = 0.005 M, where Ml = mass of manganese found (pg). Appendix B Method for the determination of sulphated residue on ignition B.l Apparatus The following apparatus is required: platinum disk, approximately 50 mm diameter. B.2

45、 Reagent The reagent used shall be of a recognized analytical reagent quality: sulpkuric acid, concentrated, 98 % (m/m) (36N). B.3 Procedure Evaporate carefully, in small portions, 500 ml of the sample to small bulk in a pre-ignited weighed platinum dish. Add a few drops of concentrated sulphuric ac

46、id and evaporate to dryness in a fume cupboard until no further fumes are evolved. Finally ignite the residue to constant mass at 850 k 50 “C. B.4 Calculation Sulphated residue on ignition, in milligrams per kilogram = 2000 x M, where M2 = mass of residue found (g). Appandix C Method for the determi

47、nation of chloride content 6.1 Outline of method The chloride present is determined nephelometrically using silver nitrate. C.2 Apparatus The following apparatus is required: the requirements of BS 6 12. (1) Photoelectric absorptiometer with 4 cm cells. Alternatively, matched Nessler cylinders, comp

48、lying with (2) Fifteen one-mark volumemc flasks, 100 ml capacity, complying with the requirements of BS 1792. C.3 Reagents The reagents used shall be of a recognized analytical reagent quality. Water complying with the requirements of BS 3978 shall be used throughout. (1) Nitric acid, concentrated,

49、70% (m/m) (16N). (2) Silver nitrate, approximately 0.1N solution. (3) Standard chloride solution. Dissolve 1.648 g of previously dried sodium chloride in water and dilute to 1 ml of the diluted solution 1000 ml. Further dilute 10 ml of this solution to 1000 ml with water. 10 pg C1. C.4 Procedure C.4.1 Preparation of standard solutions. Into thirteen 100 ml one-mark volumetric flasks, each containing about 65 ml of water, transfer amounts of the standard chloride solution, containing from O (blank) to 120 pg, 6 BSI EISE4774 75 = 1624669 8192845 b W BS 4974 : 1975 increasing by stag