1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5131-5.2: 1990 Methods of test for Footwear and footwear materials Part 5: Testing of complete footwear Section 5.2 Degree of vulcanization of moulded-on rubber soles NOTEIt is recommended that this Section should be read in conjunction with BS5131-0, published separately.BS5131-
2、5.2:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31January1991 BSI 10-1999 First published February 1975 Second edition January 1991 The foll
3、owing BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/39 Draft for comment 89/36233 DC ISBN 0 580 18981 3 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-
4、) to Technical Committee TCM/39, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Footwear Manufacturers Federation British Leather Confederation British Rubber Manufacturers Association British Steel plc Consumer Standards Advisory Committee of BSI Cork Industry Federation Footwear Compone
5、nts Federation Footwear Distributors Federation Institute of Trading Standards Administration Iron and Steel Trades Confederation Lancashire Footwear Manufacturers Association Mail Order Traders Association of Great Britain Ministry of Defence National Union of Footwear, Leather and Allied Trades Of
6、fice of Fair Trading SATRA Footwear Technology Centre The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: British Adhesives and Sealants Association British Paper and Board Industry Federation British Plastics Federation Multiple Shoe Retaile
7、rs Association RAPRA Technology Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS5131-5.2:1990 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Principle 1 3 Apparatus 1 4 Preparation of test specimens 1 5 Procedure 1 6 Calculations and ex
8、pression of results 2 7 Test report 4 Figure 1 Diagram of apparatus 2 Figure 2 Location of test specimens from the sole and positions of lines AA, AA and BB 3 Figure 3 Marking of lines on test specimens and arrangement andmarking of test points 4 Figure 4 Typical indentation graph for an under-vulca
9、nized position on a sole 5 Figure 5 Graphs indicating extremes of vulcanization for a satisfactorily vulcanized position on a sole 6 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS5131-5.2:1990 ii BSI 10-1999 Foreword This Section of BS 5131has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Cl
10、othing Standards Policy Committee. It supersedes BS 5131-5.2:1975, which is withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of i
11、tself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be i
12、ndicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5131-5.2:1990 BSI 10-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS5131describes a method for determining whether moulded-on rubber soles have been satisfactorily vulcanized. Because of the method of manufacture, the outer side of the sole adjacent to t
13、he heated metal mould is fully cured but the inner side, next to the insole, is usually not fully cured. Some undercure next to the insole is acceptable and even desirable to ensure good adhesion; the purpose of this test is to establish that the undercure is not excessive. The test is suitable for
14、routine quality control work and is simple to carry out. Any direct moulding compound which shows a significant difference in hardness between the cured and uncured state can be tested by this method. 2 Principle Sections are cut from the sole and measurements of hardness by indentation are made acr
15、oss each section along a line from the outer to the inner side. The results are plotted graphically and from the graph an undercure index and the thickness of undercured rubber are determined. 3 Apparatus 1) 3.1 Testing apparatus. An example of a suitable apparatus is shown in Figure 1. It has the f
16、ollowing essential features (upper case letters in brackets refer to the corresponding lettered parts of Figure 1). a) Vertical plunger, with, at its lower end (A), a hardened conical indentor of apex angle60 5 and at its upper end an aluminium cone (B) to carry the indenting weight centrally. b) Di
17、al gauge (C), indicating vertical displacement of the plunger to the nearest0.01mm. The effective downward force applied by the plunger and gauge system is approximately500 100mN (50 10gf) at a dial gauge reading of6mm. c) Horizontal rigid base plate (D), fixed relative to the dial gauge. The base p
18、late supports the test specimen during test and has, on its underside, a small electrically operated high frequency low amplitude vibrator. d) Detachable indenting weight (E), of mass500 10g, which fits on the conical top of the plunger. 4 Preparation of test specimens At least2h after moulding, str
19、ip one sole carefully from its upper. Cut two test specimens in the form of sections, 6.0 0.5mm thick, as shown in Figure 2, taking one section, test specimen2, from the position corresponding to the inside joint of the shoe. Take care that the cut surfaces of each section are as smooth and parallel
20、 as possible. Do not buff the test specimens. NOTE 1Buffing may generate heat which may, as a consequence, affect the test result. NOTE 2In order to facilitate removal of the sole, it is preferable to mould without adhesive. This will not affect results. 5 Procedure 5.1 Mark lines on each of the fou
21、r faces produced in cutting the two test specimens from the sole (as described in clause4) marking test specimen1with four such lines (two lines AA and two lines AA) and marking test specimen2with two such lines (linesBB). The positions of these lines are illustrated in plan view in Figure 2and in s
22、ection view in Figure 3. 5.2 Along one of the two lines marked AA, mark five or more test points at evenly spaced distances from that edge of the test specimen which corresponds to the inner surface of the sole. Ensure that the test points are not less than1mm apart from each other or from either ed
23、ge of the test specimen. Where the thickness of the test specimen is less than6mm, stagger the test points alternately on each side of the line in order to achieve such spacing, as shown in Figure 3. NOTETest specimen 1is taken from the heel, as shown in Figure 2. Since this is normally greater than
24、6mm in thickness, the test points are shown in line in Figure 3. Test specimen2is taken from the forepart of the sole, as shown in Figure 2. Since this is normally less than6mm in thickness, the test points are shown staggered in Figure 3. 5.3 Along the other line marked AA, mark five or more test p
25、oints as for the first line at evenly spaced distances from that edge of the test specimen which corresponds to the inner surface of the sole, these distances being the same as in5.2. Ensure that the spacing and staggering are as described in5.2. 5.4 Along each of the two lines marked AA and each of
26、 the two lines marked BB, mark five or more test points as described in5.2 and5.3. 1) For information on the availability of suitable apparatus to perform this test apply to Enquiry Section, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6LE, quoting the number of this standard and the clause number referri
27、ng to the items concerned. Enclose a stamped addressed envelope for reply.BS5131-5.2:1990 2 BSI 10-1999 5.5 Switch on the vibrator and raise the vertical plunger. Position one test specimen on the base plate (D) beneath the raised indentor (A) so that the tip of the indentor is above the first selec
28、ted test point. Lower the vertical plunger so that the tip of the indentor rests on the first test point and allow10s to elapse. Adjust the dial gauge (C) to zero and then place the detachable indenting weight (E) on the conical top of the plunger. Record the dial reading15s after the addition of th
29、e weight, with the vibrator remaining switched on, as the indentation depth. NOTEThe low amplitude and high frequency of the vibrator, together with the mass of the system subjected to the vibrations and the elasticity of the material at the test point, are such that the reading on the dial gauge is
30、 steady even though the vibrator remains switched on. 5.6 Repeat the procedure described in5.5 for each selected test point along each line marked on the two test specimens. 6 Calculations and expression of results 6.1 Undercure index at the inner surface 6.1.1 Add each of the five or more depths of
31、 indentation corresponding to the test points on one of the lines marked AA to each of the five or more depths of indentation corresponding to the test points on the other line marked AA. Halve each value, thereby obtaining an average value of depth of indentation corresponding to five or more dista
32、nces of the indentor from the inner surface at position A. NOTEPosition A is a hypothetical point whose properties are the average of the properties of the two lines each marked AA. NOTESee clause3 for key to lettering Figure 1 Diagram of apparatusBS5131-5.2:1990 BSI 10-1999 3 Plot a graph of averag
33、e value of depth of indentation against distance of the indentor from the inner surface at position A. Extrapolate the graph (as a smooth curved line which is a continuation of the shape of the existing graph between the points) to cross the vertical line representing the inner surface of the sole a
34、t position A. This gives the estimated depth of indentation at the inner surface at position A, i.e. d in6.1.3. Obtain from the horizontal part of the graph (near to that end of the graph corresponding to the outer surface) the estimated depth of indentation for the fully vulcanized rubber at positi
35、on A, i.e. D in 6.1.3. Typical graphs are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. 6.1.2 Repeat6.1.1 for the indentation depths corresponding to the test points on the lines marked AA (thereby producing a graph of average value of depths of indentation against distance of indentation from the inner surface a
36、t position A) and similarly BB, thereby obtaining a total of three graphs, each with five or more points on it. These graphs correspond to positions A, A and B. 6.1.3 For each of the three graphs calculate the undercure index (U) at the inner surface from the equation: where d is the estimated depth
37、 of indentation (in mm) at the inner surface, as obtained in6.1.1; D is the estimated depth of indentation (in mm) for the fully vulcanized rubber, as obtained in6.1.1. 6.2 Thickness of under-vulcanized rubber 6.2.1 Draw a horizontal line corresponding to1.6 D on the graph plotted in6.1.1. If this l
38、ine does not intersect the graph already plotted (as is the case shown in Figure 4), record the fact that the sole is satisfactorily vulcanized at position A. If this line intersects the graph already plotted (asisthe case shown in Figure 4) record the fact that the sole is under-vulcanized at posit
39、ion A. Record the horizontal value of the intercept as the thickness of under-vulcanized rubber in the sole at position A (this being under-vulcanized since its undercure index exceeds60). Calculate and express the thickness of under-vulcanized rubber as a percentage of the total sole thickness at p
40、osition A. 6.2.2 Repeat6.2.1 for the graphs obtained in6.1.2 corresponding to positions A and B. NOTEIt is not always advisable to vulcanize the sole completely as this may lead to poor wearing properties and lower adhesion. The curve for a correctly vulcanized sole should lie, therefore, between th
41、e two curves in Figure 5. The actual depths of indentation will vary for different rubbers. Figure 2 Location of test specimens from the sole and positions of lines AA, AA and BB U dD D - 100 =BS5131-5.2:1990 4 BSI 10-1999 7 Test report Include the following information in the test report for each o
42、f the three positions A, A and B: a) undercure index at the inner surface and the thickness of under-vulcanized rubber, expressed in accordance with clause6; b) nature and full identification of the sample; c) reference to this method of test, i.e. BS5131-5.2; d) date of testing. NOTEO indicates the
43、 position of each test point. Figure 3 Marking of lines on test specimens and arrangement and marking of test pointsBS5131-5.2:1990 BSI 10-1999 5 Figure 4 Typical indentation graph for an under-vulcanized position on a soleBS5131-5.2:1990 6 BSI 10-1999 Figure 5 Graphs indicating extremes of vulcaniz
44、ation for a satisfactorily vulcanizedpositionon a soleBS5131-5.2:1990 BSI 10-1999 Publication(s) referred to See national foreword.BS 5131-5.2: 1990 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards
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