1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 5266 : Part 4 : 1999 I
2、CS 91.160.10; 33.180.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Emergency lighting Part 4. Code of practice for design, installation, maintenance and use of optical fibre systemsThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sec
3、tor Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 July 1999 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CPL/34/9 Draft for comment 93/206752 ISBN 0 580 33004 4 BS 5266 : Part 4 : 1999 Amendmen
4、ts issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee CPL/34/9, Emergency lighting, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of British Theatre Technicians
5、 Association of Building Engineers Association of County Councils Association of Manufacturers of Power Generating Systems British Cable Makers Confederation British Fire Consortium Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Association Cinema Exhibi
6、tors Association Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (Construction Directorate) Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Safety Unit, CA Division) District Surveyors Association Electrical Contractors Association Electricity Association Engineering Industries Association GAMBI
7、CA (BEAMA Ltd.) Home Office Industry Committee For Emergency Lighting Ltd. (ICEL) Institute of Fire Prevention Officers Institute of Fire Safety Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Lighting Engineers Lighting Industry Federation Ltd. London Transport National Illumination Committee of
8、 Great Britain National Inspection Council for Electrical Installation Contracting Photoluminescent Safety Products Association Tenpin Bowling Proprietors Association Coopted membersBS 5266 : Part 4 : 1999 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2
9、References 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Design of the lighting installation 2 5 Operational assessment 4 6 Technical specification 5 7 Scope of works document 5 8 Selection of components 5 9 Installation 11 10 Records 13 11 Certificates and log book 14 12 Servicing 14 Annexes A (normative) Optical budget 16
10、B (informative) Optical budget worked examples 17 C (informative) Guidance on areas of low fire risk 19 D (informative) Routing of lightguides 19 E (informative) Safety recommendations for handling of optical fibre lightguides 21 Figures 1 Typical lightguide output 3 A.1 Terms used in an optical bud
11、get 16 B.1 Example of an optical fibre system for use in the worked example 17 D.1 Low fire risk route in a corridor 20 D.2 High fire risk route 20 List of references Inside back coverii BSI 07-1999 BS 5266 : Part 4 : 1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CPL/3
12、4/9. Optical fibre systems can provide a viable alternative solution for emergency lighting applications where the traditional electric lamp systems described in BS 5266 : Part 1 are either impractical, unsuitable, or costly, for example, in explosive atmospheres, low level applications, inaccessibl
13、e positions or small systems. In public places where vandalism could be a problem the small size of optical fibre lightguides makes them easier to protect. In industrial applications where pipes, ducts, and machine parts often impede the proper siting of emergency lighting luminaires the small size
14、of optical fibre lightguides allows lighting positions to be sited with fewer restrictions. However, poor system design and component part specification can lead to unsatisfactory system performance and high operating costs over the potentially long life of an optical fibre system. This Part of BS 5
15、266 is intended to enable the user to prepare a suitable design and establish an installation specification and also provides guidance for safe and satisfactory operation of the installed system. The only difference between emergency lighting provided by traditional electric lamp systems and optical
16、 fibre systems is the method by which light is provided at the point of utilization. In the former the lamp is operated directly at the point of utilization whilst in the latter the light is conducted along a lightguide from a lamp located some distance away from the point of utilization. The potent
17、ial advantages of an optical fibre emergency lighting system are: a) use of a single lamp to illuminate a greater area; b) improved control of distribution and uniformity of illumination; c) convenient placement of lamps for ease of maintenance in areas with difficult access; d) improved safety. Abs
18、ence of electricity and less heat at the point of utilization facilitates provision of emergency lighting in high risk areas; e) reduced ultraviolet and infra-red transmission makes provision of emergency lighting easier in environments sensitive to these wavelengths; f) long life. Optical fibres ar
19、e virtually ageless and in an optical fibre system only the light source is liable to deteriorate with age. Other parts can become unfashionable and require changing for aesthetic reasons. The optical fibre systems covered by this Part of BS 5266 may be used to provide emergency lighting by overhead
20、 or low mounted arrangements or they may form part of a way-guidance system. They may also be used to illuminate signs. This standard is complementary to BS 5266 : Part 1 which gives general guidance and recommendations on emergency lighting systems and to BS 5266 : Part 5 which specifies the compon
21、ent parts of an optical fibre system. It is not the purpose of this standard to explain the mechanisms of optical fibre transmission, it has been assumed that the user has the technical expertise to appreciate these, neither does it detail the considerations and calculations necessary to design an e
22、mergency lighting system as these are covered in BS 5266 : Part 1. As a code of practice, this Part of BS 5266 takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not mislead
23、ing. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprise
24、s a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. BSI 07-1999 1 BS 5266 : Part 4 : 1999 1 Scope This Part of BS 5266 gives recommendations and guidance on the design, installation, maintenance and use of optical fibre emergency lighting sys
25、tems. It is applicable to optical fibre emergency lighting systems for escape route lighting, including open area lighting. It is also applicable to optical fibre systems used for standby lighting when the system is also used as part of the emergency escape route lighting. NOTE. This Part is to be u
26、sed in conjunction with BS 5266 : Part 1 and BS 5266 : Part 5. 2 References 2.1 Normative references This Part of BS 5266 incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited publicatio
27、ns are listed on the inside back cover. For dated references, only the cited edition applies; any subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of the cited publications apply to this Part of BS 5266 only when incorporated in the reference by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest
28、edition of the cited publication applies, together with any amendments. 2.2 Informative references This Part of BS 5266 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover,
29、 but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the definitions given in BS 5266 : Part 1 apply, together with the following. 3.1 cladding Dielectric material surrounding the core of an optical fibre. 3.2 core Central region of an optical
30、 fibre, with higher refractive index than the cladding, through which most of the optical power is transmitted. 3.3 connectors 3.3.1 plug connector (male) Free connector attached to the end of a lightguide. 3.3.2 socket connector (receptacle or female) Fixed connector mounted on an item of equipment
31、. 3.3.3 adaptor connector Double ended socket connector used for the interconnection of two lightguides. 3.4 Fresnel reflection Reflection of a portion of the light incident on a planar interface between two homogeneous dielectric media having different refractive indices, for example silica and air
32、. 3.5 index matching substance Substance which has a refractive index equal or nearly equal to that of the core of an optical fibre, used to reduce Fresnel reflections from an optical interconnection. 3.6 lightguide Assembly of optical fibres sheathed into a cable type format that is terminated with
33、 connectors. 3.7 light source Means of producing visible light and coupling this to a lightguide. 3.8 light transmittance loss (P LOSS ) The total loss of light between the light source and the output of the lightguide, expressed either in decibels or as an efficiency fraction (see 3.9). NOTE. Light
34、 transmittance loss is made up of fibre attenuation loss (see 3.9) and coupling losses (see 3.10). 3.9 fibre attenuation loss (P F ) The ratio, at a defined wavelength, of the intensity of the light reaching the end of an optical fibre bundle or lightguide of known length to the intensity of the lig
35、ht entering the fibre bundle or lightguide, expressed in decibels or as an efficiency fraction. The fibre attenuation loss, P F , expressed in decibels, is given by the following equation: P F = 10 log P OUT P IN The fibre attenuation loss, P F , expressed as an efficiency fraction, is given by the
36、following equation: P F = P OUT P IN where: P IN is the intensity of the light entering the fibre bundle or lightguide (in candelas); P OUT is the intensity of the light reaching the end of the fibre bundle or lightguide (in candelas). NOTE. In the industry, the fibre attenuation loss of lightguides
37、 is normally given in decibels per unit length (dB/m or dB/km) The above equation for the value in decibels gives a negative value, but for practical purposes the negative sign is usually omitted.2 BSI 07-1999 BS 5266 : Part 4 : 1999 3.10 coupling loss The ratio, at a defined wavelength, of the inte
38、nsity of the light passing through an interface to the intensity of the light entering that interface, expressed in decibels or as an efficiency fraction (see 3.9). NOTE. Coupling losses occur at the connection of the light source to the lightguide, at interconnections between lightguides and at the
39、 emission end of the lightguide. 3.11 numerical aperture The amount of light entering the end of an optical fibre expressed as a proportion of the light incident on it. 3.12 optical fibre Filament shaped optical waveguide made of dielectric materials. 3.13 optical fibre system Serial combination of
40、a light source, an emission end mounting arrangement and interconnecting optical fibre lightguide complete with connectors. 3.14 refractive index At a point in a medium and in a given direction, the ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum to the phase velocity of a sinusoidal phase wave propagating
41、 in that given direction. 4 Design of the lighting installation 4.1 General The design of the emergency lighting installation should be in accordance with clauses 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10 of BS 5266 : Part 1 : 1988 and component parts should conform to BS 5266 : Part 5. The information given in clause 8 of
42、 this Part of BS 5266 should also be taken into account. NOTE 1. Attention is drawn to the fact that when used in premises subject to licensing, prior discussion of the lighting system with the licensing authority may be required. All design data used, and calculations carried out, to produce an eme
43、rgency lighting scheme using the components specified in BS 5266 : Part 5 and the systems described in this Part and in BS 5266 : Part 1 may be required for inspection by the enforcing authorities. NOTE 2. Attention is also drawn to the fact that many design aspects of the system may be covered by l
44、egislation. NOTE 3. Further guidance on design can be found in the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Technical Memorandum TM12 Emergency lighting 1. The design should be executed by a competent person having knowledge of the application and limitations of optical fibre sys
45、tems. 4.2 Environmental conditions NOTE. The components specified in BS 5266 Part 5 are suitable for systems to be used in air. Where component parts are to be used in any other environment, for example in an explosive atmosphere, their suitability for use in that particular environment should be ch
46、ecked with the manufacturer. If the system is to be used outside the following limits the manufacturer should be consulted: a) for indoor applications: temperatures between +58C and +608C and a relative humidity of 40 %; b) for outdoor applications: temperatures between2108C and +708C and a relative
47、 humidity of 80 %. 4.3 Types of system Optical fibre emergency lighting systems may be provided as follows. a) Partially designed. These comprise items of fully designed and manufactured equipment selected by a manufacturer to give a defined optical performance requiring only final illuminance desig
48、n either by calculation or by the use of space/height data provided by the manufacturer. NOTE. The equipment may be provided in kit form or as individual items of equipment selected by the purchaser from co-ordinating data provided by the manufacturer. These systems require minimum design input, are
49、 similar to conventional self-contained luminaire systems, and are generally suitable for straightforward applications. b) Custom designed. These are designed, and items of equipment selected or manufactured, to suit the requirements of a particular application. These systems require considerable design input to implement and are generally suited to complex or difficult applications. NOTE. Where the lighting design requires an innovative approach the equipment to realise that design may also require an innovative approach. For partially designed systems manufacturers should
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