1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5350-A2: 1990 Methods of test for Adhesives Part A2: Guide to the selection of adherend materials UDC 665.93.009.4:620.179.4BS5350-A2:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Adhesives Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the authorityo
2、f the Board of BSI andcomes into effect on 28February 1990 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ADC/9 Draft for comment 87/54479 DC ISBN 0 580 17748 3 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS5350-A2:1990 BSI 07
3、-1999 i Contents Page Foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Principles of choice 1 3 Adherend materials 1 4 Pretreatment 2 Appendix A Adherend materials for which it is impossible to give a precise description 7 Figure 1 Straight grain test pieces 7 Figure 2 Grain inclination across face at maxim
4、um permissible angle 7 Figure 3 Inclination of grain to the face 7 Table 1 List of adherend materials obtainable to British Standards 2 Table 2 Adherend materials not available to British Standards 6 Publications referred to 8BS5350-A2:1990 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This Part of BS5350 has been prepar
5、ed under the direction of the Adhesives Standards Policy Committee. It is one of a series of Parts concerned with the selection and preparation of materials to be used to form a joint for the purposes of assessing the performance of an adhesive. Part A1 of this standard covers the preparation of adh
6、erends for testing and their surface conditions. This Part examines the principles underlying the choice of adherend materials. WARNING NOTE. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only
7、to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance wi
8、th a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had am
9、endments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5350-A2:1990 BSI 07-1999 1 0 Introduction The immediate and the long-term properties of an adhesive joint depend on several factors. A bonded joint is a composite structure, with the adhesive being one o
10、f several components. The properties of a bonded joint are determined not only by the adhesion at the interfaces between the adhesive and the adherends but also by the physical and chemical properties of the adhesive layer and of the separate adherends. The choice of adherend will have an important
11、influence on the results of any adhesive test. 1 Scope This Part of BS5350 gives information on the availability and selection of materials commonly used as adherends where the requirements are for the following: a) general performance tests on adhesives; b) specific tests of adhesives for quality c
12、ontrol or specification purposes and for the selection of adhesives. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this Part of BS5350 are listed on pages 8 to 11. 2 Principles of choice 2.1 General tests of adhesives Provided that the level of adhesion at the interfaces is high, mechanical test
13、s of adhesively bonded joints are greatly influenced by the mechanical properties of the adherends, especially those of stiffness and strength. For any test that purports to measure tensile, compressive or shear properties of an adhesive, the adherends need to be stiff and strong. Stiffness is a fun
14、ction of modulus and of dimensions. On the other hand, for any test that purports to measure peel properties of an adhesive, the extensibility and stiffness of a displaced adherend normally need to be low, but appropriate to the intended use of the adhesive. Certain adherends may be influenced by th
15、e adhesive, the environmental conditions or a combination of the two. It may be desirable to select an adherend on which these effects are minimal. If the adherend selected has a low surface energy, the strength of the joint may be limited by the low adhesion. In this case, surface preparation (seeB
16、S5350-A1) may be appropriate. If it is desired to compare adhesives, then the aim in choosing the adherend is to ensure that the bond under test will fail cohesively in the bond-line. A bond that fails in the adherend gives only incomplete information on the properties of the adhesive. For complete
17、information on adhesive performance, a stronger adherend will be necessary. 2.2 Tests of particular adhesive joints There are certain tests in which the adherend chosen may have a chemical or physical influence on the result. For example, testing of the processibility of an adhesive may be influence
18、d by the adherend chosen. Wetting rates or sagging may be influenced by surface energy and by the surface profile of the adherend. Environmental tests of joints are also influenced by surface energies, by chemical interactions between adhesive and adherend, and by the extent to which the adherend is
19、 affected by the environmental conditions. For example, a test fluid may reduce the adhesion at an interface; adherend surfaces may catalyse the breakdown of the adhesive bond-line in oxidizing conditions; the adherend may be corroded or decomposed by the adhesive or the environmental conditions or
20、a combination of the two. 2.3 Tests for quality control or specification purposes Careful and complete definition of adherends is necessary when they are chosen for quality control or specification purposes. In these cases, the method of test is concerned with the fitness of a chosen adhesive for us
21、e with a particular adherend. Supplementary information may be required for complete definition of the adherend. For example, with polymers, the compounding ingredients or methods of moulding may need to be defined. Reinforced materials may require definition of the type, volume fraction and orienta
22、tion of the fibres used. Metals may require definition of heat treatment or fabrication conditions. Composite or treated adherends may need to be defined, e.g. a sandwich structure or plated metal, phosphated steel, galvanized steel, conversion coated aluminium, anodized aluminium, or stoved organic
23、 coatings on steel or other metals. 3 Adherend materials 3.1 Table 1 lists a range of adherend materials obtainable to British Standards or specified in accordance with a method given in a British Standard. In the majority of cases, it will be necessary to define the material by additional informati
24、on, such as alloy designation, thickness and condition or temper in the case of metals, and hardness and grade in the case of rubbers. These variables should be readily apparent from study of the appropriate specification.BS5350-A2:1990 2 BSI 07-1999 3.2 Table 2 lists a range of adherend materials n
25、ot obtainable to British Standards, but which are widely used in testing adhesives. Properties requiring control to ensure consistent results in adhesives testing are also listed. In most cases, it will be necessary to quote limits and test methods for these properties. 3.3 InAppendix A, a number of
26、 characteristics of wood are listed which cannot be quantified accurately but may influence the results of tests on adhesives. The descriptions given may be used either as such or as a model, and if applicable, they should be included in the test report. 4 Pretreatment In all cases, the bond between
27、 the layer of adhesive and the surface of the adherend depends on the adhesive being in good physical contact with the adherend. This may require preparation of the adherend surfaces prior to use in the adhesive test. Part A1 of this standard gives guidance on the procedure for preparation of adhere
28、nd surfaces. In certain circumstances, it may be possible or desirable to use an adherend covered with a temporary protective agent without further preparation. If this is a primer, it is considered to be part of the adhesive system. It may, however, be a protective oil or wax which may need to be r
29、emoved before use. Procedures for this will need to be included as supplementary information in any particular test report. Table 1 List of adherend materials obtainable to British Standards Adherend material Form Reference Aluminium and its alloys Plate, sheet and strip Bar, rod, etc. Sheet and str
30、ip BS 1470 BS 1474 BS L 156 to L 159, L 163 to L 167 Anodized aluminium and alloys General Wrought aluminium BS 1615 BS 3987 Asbestos-cement boards a BS 690-2, BS 690-4, BS 690-5, BS 3497 Brass Sheet, strip and foil Rods and sections Plate Bars BS 2870 BS 2874 BS 2875 BS 3B 11 Bricks and non-glazed
31、fired materials BS 3921 Butyl rubber BS 3227 Cadmium-coated iron and steel Electroplated coating BS 1706 Cast iron Castings BS 1452 Ceramics Tiles BS 6431-2 to BS 6431-9 Copper Sheet, strips and foil Rods and sections Plate Rolled sheet, strip and foil Tubes Copper-clad base materials for printed wi
32、ring boards BS 2870 BS 2874 BS 2875 BS 4608 BS 2871-1 to BS 2871-3 Relevant Parts of BS 4584 b Decorative laminated plastics Panels BS 3794-1 Glass c BS 952-1 Lead Sheet and strip BS 1178 Natural rubber BS 1154, BS 4396 a Asbestos is a hazardous substance. Attention is drawn to the Asbestos Regulati
33、ons 1969. b Parts of BS 4584 are in course of alignment with IEC publications. Users should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest editions. c The presence of tin in trace quantities on one surface of float glass may affect results.BS5350-A2:1990 BSI 07-1999 3 Table 1 List of adherend m
34、aterials obtainable to British Standards Adherend material Form Reference Nickel Sheet and plate Strip BS 3072 BS 3073 Nitrile rubber BS 2751 b) chrome tanned bovine side leather from which the grain is completely and uniformly removed before use by roughing with a rotary wire brush Paperboard (line
35、d orunlined) and synthetic fibreboard Thickness of lining (where appropriate) Thicknessor grammage, with tolerances, in accordance with BS 3432 Properties to be determined after conditioning in accordance with BS 3431: Tensile strength (machine and/or cross direction where appropriate) in accordance
36、 with BS 4415-1 Surface strength in accordance with, e.g.: a) TAPPI method T459-88; b) ASTM Method D 2482-76; c) BPBIF Routine test method no. 30 a NOTEIf the surface has been treated with a thermoplastic resin coating, the wax pick methods may not be appropriate methods for determining surface stre
37、ngth. Wood b Density Cut (e.g. quarter) Surface finish Presence or absence of oils Moisture content a In preparation. b See also Appendix A.BS5350-A2:1990 BSI 07-1999 7 Appendix A Adherend materials for which it is impossible to give a precise description A.1 Wood NOTEThe following text was extracte
38、d with slight modification from DD74. The description was developed for beechwood. A.1.1 General It is permissible for the growth rings to be at any angle relative to the face. The face to be bonded should be planed, and the other face either planed or sawn. Plane knives should be sharp enough to pr
39、ovide a cleanly cut sample without compressing or otherwise damaging the fibres. The slips should be flat and free from splits, knots, whorls and dote; the angle of inclination of the grain across the face of each test slip should not be greater than 1 in 9, and the grain should not be obviously inc
40、lined to the face. A.1.2 Inclination of grain across the face The inclination of grain across the face can be judged by the following two factors: a) the long lines formed by the junctions of the growth rings which are to be seen most clearly on quarter-cut slips (i.e. slips cut with the growth ring
41、s at 90 to the faces); b) the small rays which can be seen as dark flecks and are most prominent on slash-cut or tangentially-cut slips (i.e. slips with growth rings parallel to the faces). Slips with growth rings at other angles to the faces show both characteristics with varying degrees of promine
42、nce. Figure 1 shows straight grained slips and Figure 2 illustrates the maximum permissible grain inclination of 1 in 9 across the face. A.1.3 Inclination of grain to the face The inclination of grain to the face of the slips is viewed on the edges. It is best shown by the same two factors in revers
43、e, i.e. by the growth ring junctions on tangentially-cut slips and by the ray flecks on quarter-cut slips. The areas of darker ray tissue shown diagrammatically inFigure 3 should be disregarded. A.1.4 Moisture content The moisture content of wood depends on factors such as age, species, treatment, e
44、tc. Samples should be conditioned at 23C and 50% r.h. to constant mass ( 2%) in accordance with BS1204-1. A.2 Plywood Birch plywood (three-ply, all layers birch, WBP grade) should be used, with no defects on the test piece. The surface of the test piece should be flat when stored in a normally heated room. NOTEDefects in plywood are defined inBS6566-6. Figure 1 Straight grain test pieces Figure 2 Grain inclination across face at maximum permissible angle Figure 3 Inclination of grain to the face
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