1、BS 5377 : Part 2 : 1990 IS0 431 2 :I 989 UDC 648.2 : 661 .I85 : 677.21 .O1 : 543.620.1 0 Britih Standards Instihition. No part of this publication may be photcmpied or otherwise reproduced without the prior permission in Writing of BCI British Standard Assessment of laundering effects by means of a
2、cotton control cloth Part 2. Methods of analysis and test for the unsoiled cotton control cloth Contrle de certains effets du blanchissage laide dun tissu de coton tmoin Partie 2. Mthodes danalyse et dessai dun tissu de coton tmoin non souill Beu rtei I u ng der Rein igu ngsw irku ng m ittels ei nes
3、 Sta ndardbaumwol Igewebes Teil 2. Verfahren zur Untersuchung des nichtverschmutzten Standardbaumwol Igewebes Mtish Standards Institution BSI BSx5377: PART*2 90 Lb24bb9 0%96915 T = BS 5377 : Part 2 : 1990 National foreword This Part of BS 5377 has been prepared under the direction of the Chemicals S
4、tandards Policy Committee. It is identical with IS0 4312 : 1989 Surface active agents - Evaluation of certain effects of laundering - Methods of analysis and test for unsoiled cotton control cloth published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This revision supersedes the 198
5、0 edition of BS 5377 : Part 2, which is withdrawn, and which was identical to the first edition of IS0 4312, which was published in 1979. The differences between the two editions are largely editorial, although some minor technical changes have been introduced. In addition, this revision includes in
6、 annex D, which is supplied for information only, details of the grey scale and conditions for the measurement of reflection, which were originally published in IS0 4312 : 1979/Addendum 1 : 1983 Cross. references International standard Corresponding British Standard IS0 139 : 1973 BS 1051 : 1981 Glo
7、ssary of terms relating to the conditioning, testing and mass determination of textiles (Technically equivalent) BS 5377 Assessment of laundering effects by means of a cotton control cloth Part 1 : 1988 Specification for preparation and use of the cotton control cloth (Identical) IS0 2267 : 1986 The
8、re is no British Standard corresponding to IS0 1772 : 1975. The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of this standard and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this Part of BS 5377. A British Standard related to IS0 1628-1 : 1984 is BS 2782 Methods of testing pl
9、astics, method 730A : 1979 Determination of reduced viscosity (viscosity number) and intrinsic viscosity of plastics in dilute solution. It is intended that IS0 1628-1 will be implemented as a dual-numbered British Standard. Until then the relevant definitions given in IS0 1628-1 should be used. A B
10、ritish Standard related to IS0 3105 : 1976 is BS 188 : 1977 Methods for determination of the viscosity of liquids, the relevant requirements of which are technically equivalent. A British Standard related to IS0 5081 : 1977 is BS 2576 : 1986 Method for determination of breaking strength and elongati
11、on (strip method) of woven fabrics: the constant rate of extension method given in BS 2576 is the method used in the UK, and it is technically equivalent to the constant rate of extension method given in IS0 5081 : 1977. There are no British Standards corresponding to CIE Publication No. 17 (E-1.1)
12、: 1979 and CIE Publication No. 38 (TC-2.3) : 1977 but, as these references are given for information only, the validity of this Part of BS 5377 is not affected. Additional information. With reference to 6.3,8.4,9.5.3, B.4 and C.4, water complying with grade 3 of BS 3978 Specification for water for l
13、aboratory use is suitable. The unsoiled cotton control cloth mentioned in the introduction, clause 1 and elsewhere is obtainable from the Fabric Care Research Association, Forest House Laboratories, Knaresborough Road, Hairogate, North Yorkshire, HG2 7LZ. Compliance with a British Standard does not
14、of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI BS*53?: PART*i? Contents National foreword Committees responsible Page Inside front cover Back cover Method Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Selection of specimens and samples from 4 Determination of intrinsic greying (greying test p
15、ieces measured in the absence of ultraviolet radiation) measured in the absence of ultraviolet radiation) 6 Determination of increase in organic deposit content 7 Determination of increase in incineration residue (ash) 8 Determination of overall decrease in breaking strength (total wear) 9 Determina
16、tion of decrease in breaking strength resulting from chemical degradation of cellulose due to laundering (chemical wear) 10 Determination of decrease in breaking strength resulting from mechanical factors in laundering (mechanical wear) 5 Determination of intrinsic yellowing (yellowing 11 Test repor
17、t 2 3 3 3 3 6 7 9 10 11 16 16 10 9 1624669 0396936 1 9 BS 5377 : Part 2 Annexes A Determination of increase (or decrease) in degree of whiteness B Determination of chemical wear based on variation in average degree of viscometric polymerization in an ammonium copper(l1) hydroxide solution C Determin
18、ation of chemical wear based on variation in average degree of viscometric polymerization in a copper (i I) di(ethy1ene- diamine) (Cuen) solution D Grey scale and measurement of reflection Tables C.l Limiting viscosity number as a function of the viscosity ratio increment D.l Untitled Figures 1 Visc
19、ometer 2 Supporting tube for viscometer B. 1 Mean degree of viscometric polymerization C.l Examples of vessels for dissolution of cellulose C.2 Curve showing the variation in the viscosity ratio increment of cellulose solutions in Cuen solution as a function of the product of the limiting viscosity
20、number and the cellulose concentration in the solutions as a function of fluidity value : 1990 Page 18 20 23 28 25 29 14 14 22 26 27 IS0 4312 : 1989 (E) _II-? Introduction It will be recalled that some effects produced by laundering of textiles can be evaluated by means of test pieces of unsoiled co
21、tton control cloth which are washed together with normally soiled textile articles. It is impossible to effect this evaluation with nor- mally soiled textile articles themselves since these are subject to wear and to modifica- tion, which cannot be controlled, due to actual use between successive la
22、underings. This wear and these modifications are not part of the effects of laundering and, fur- thermore, their extreme variability would make the measurements very difficult to reproduce and even harder to compare between one laboratory and another. In addi- tion, it is hardly ever possible to ope
23、rate with normally soiled textiles having exactly standardized properties. The use of test pieces of strictly defined unsoiled cotton control cloth enables the causes of variations which are extraneous to the laundering process itself to be largely eliminated. For this reason, the use of test pieces
24、 of cotton control cloth has been recognized as essential for verifying the laundering processes employed by industrial laundries. Conclusions based on the behaviour of the unsoiled control cloth cannot be used to predict that of other textiles laundered in the same way, if these differ too much fro
25、m the control cloth with regard to the nature of the fibres, the yarn linear density, the mass per unit surface, the presence of finishes or the initial degree of wear. In such cases, the results obtained on the control cloth can at most show qualitative dif- ferences between different laundering pr
26、ocesses or variations of a process, When the unsoiled cotton control cloth is used to determine the influence of a single factor (for example the type of washing machine, the nature or concentration of the detergent, the nature or concentration of the bleaching agent) from the point of view of the e
27、ffects produced on the textiles, the comparisons are only valid, of course, so long as all the other factors are kept constant. In particular, care should be taken to see that the test pieces of cotton control cloth to be used come from the same consign- ment, that the normally soiled textiles are a
28、lways of the same kind and have a uniform degree of soiling, and that the hardness of the water is always the same (so long as it is not precisely the influence of hardness that is to be studied). It follows from this that it is advisable in practice to compare the results obtained in dif- ferent la
29、boratories with one another only after a preliminary study has provided an assurance that all the conditions for comparison have been met. In particular cases, it may be decided to determine only certain of the characteristics from among those the determination of which is described in this Internat
30、ional Stan- dard. This International Standard should be read in conjunction with IS0 2267. 2 BSI BSm5377: PART*Z INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 4312 : 1989 (EI Surface active agents - Evaluation of certain effects of laundering - Methods of analysis and test for unsoiled cotton control cloth 1 Scope Thi
31、s International Standard specifies the methods to be used to determine, under strictly controlled conditions, certain characteristics of unsoiled cotton control cloth, namely intrinsic greying and yellowing, increase in organic deposit content and incineration residue, the overall decrease in breaki
32、ng strength, the decrease in breaking strength resulting from chemical degradation of the cellulose and the decrease in breaking strength resulting from mechanical factors in laundering both before and after processing, so that certain effects of launder- ing can be evaluated. For the purpose of the
33、 routine assessment of the affects of pro- cessing of cotton textile articles in commercial laundries, the application of some of the methods only may be appropriate. Furthermore, while the methods given in this International Standard evaluate the wear caused by vigorous mechanical ac- tion, they do
34、 not distinguish between the effects of smaller dif- ferences in mechanical action during laundering. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition
35、s indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and IS0 main- tain registers of currently val
36、id International Standards. IS0 139 : 1973, Textiles - Standard atmospheres for condi- tioning and testing. IS O 1628- 1 : 1984, Plastics - Guidelines for the standardization of methods for the determination of viscosity number and limiting viscosity number of polymers in dilute solution - Part 1 :
37、General conditions. IS0 1772 : 1975, Laboratory crucibles in porcelain and silica. IS0 2267 : 1986, Surface active agents - Evaluation of certain effects of laundering - Method of preparation and use of unsoiled cotton control cloth. IS0 3105 : 1976, Glass capillary kinematic viscometers - Specifica
38、tion and operating instructions. IS0 5081 : 1977, Textiles - Woven fabrics - Determination of breaking strength and elongation (Strip method). CIE Publication No. 17 (E-1.1.) : 1979, International lighting vocabulary. CIE Publication No. 38 (TC-2.3.) : 19n, Radiometric end photometric properties of
39、materials and their measurement, 3 Selection of specimens and samples from test pieces The measurements of intrinsic greying and intrinsic yellowing shall be carried out over the whole of the test piece. The measurement of breaking strength shall be effected on specimens cut in the direction of the
40、warp , as shown in figure 2 of IS0 2267 : 1986. The measurement of chemical degradation shall be carried out on an average sample of the warp of the cloth composed of the ravelled threads of the specimens intended for use in the measurement of breaking strength. The determination of ash and organic
41、deposit shall be carried out on the remaining cloth, .e. the end strips next to the selvedges. This cloth is cut into thin strips of suitable size (for example 1 cm wide and a few centimqtres long) which are made into a homogeneous mixture. 4 Determination of intrinsic greying (greying measured in t
42、he absence of ultraviolet radiation) 4.1 Scope This clause specifies a method for the determination of the in- trinsic greying of the unsoiled cotton control cloth, due to the 25 (or 50) laundering cycles specified in IS0 2267. 3 BSI BS*5377: PART*Z 90 lb24669 0396939 7 rn IS0 4312 : 1989 (E) The ob
43、ject of this determination is to provide information on the redeposition of coloured pigment soils from soiled white loads, usually grey, on the cloth. Too high a redeposition in- dicates a defect in the laundering. Greying may also be caused by the staining from dyes; obviously, this can only occur
44、 when coloured materials are present in the wash. Intrinsic greying, as defined in 4.2.4, is not necessarily related to visual whitness (see notes 2 and 3 following 4.2.41, NOTE - Varying results for intrinsic greying may be obtained in dif- ferent laboratories. This does not detract from the value
45、of the deter- mination, which enables comparative tests to be made within a laboratory. 4.2 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 4,2.1 radiance or luminance at a point of a source (CIE 45-05-150)l) and (CIE 45-10-080)1, Lv: The radiant or lumi
46、nous flux leaving an element of surface at a point on the surface of a source and propagated in directions defined by an elementary cone containing the given direction, divided by the product of the solid angle of the cone and the area of the orthogonal projection of the element of surface on a plan
47、e perpendicular to the given direction. In other words, the luminance measures the radiant or luminous intensity emitted in a given direction by the unit of surface. 4.2.2 radiance (luminance) factor (CIE 45-20-200)2), /3: The ratio of the radiance (luminance) of the medium to that of a perfect refl
48、ecting diffuser identically irradiated (illuminated). L0A Spectral radiance factor p(A) = - L0AW where Lek is the spectral radiance of the medium; LelW is the spectral radiance of a perfect reflecting dif- fuser. The radiance (luminance) factor is only useful for diffuse radi- ation. NOTES 1 In Germ
49、an, this quantity “Leuchtdichtefaktor“ was formerly called “Remissionsgrad“. 2 In the case of fluorescent media, the radiance (luminance) factor is the sum of two portions: the reflected radiance (luminance) factor /Is and the fluorescent radiance (luminance) factor the Y (green) tristimulus filter is placed between the cloth and the photoelectric cell. The UV filter should block all radiation below 450 nm. 2 In theory, it is possible to obtain an identical result by calculations based on the spectral reflectance curve determined by means of a spectrophotomete
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