1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5502-51: 1991 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Buildings and structures for agriculture Part 51: Code of practice for design and construction of slatted, perforated and mesh floors for livestockBS5502-51:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Farm
2、 and Horticultural Buildings StandardsPolicy Committee, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Board and comes into effect on 28June1991 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FHB/1 Draft for comment90/10916 DC ISBN 0 580 19717 4 C
3、ommittees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standards Policy Committee (FHB/-) to Technical Committee FHB/1, upon which the following bodies were represented: AFRC Institute of Engineering Research Agg
4、regate Concrete Block Association Brick Development Association British Cement Association British Commercial Glasshouse Manufacturers Association British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. British Poultry Federation Limited British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. British Veterinary Associat
5、ion British Wood Preserving and Damp-proofing Association Cold Rolled Sections Association Department of Agriculture Northern Ireland Electricity Supply Industry in United Kingdom Farm and Rural Buildings Centre Farm Buildings Association Fibre Cement Manufacturers Association Limited Health and Saf
6、ety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Local Authority Organizations Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Scottish Office (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) Steel Construction Insti
7、tute Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 7666 April 1993 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBS5502-51:1991 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions and symbols 1 3 Animal welfare considerations 1 4 Materials 2
8、5 Geometry and tolerances 4 6 Design 4 7 Construction 5 8 Floors for cattle 5 9 Floors for pigs 6 10 Floors for sheep 6 11 Marking 7 12 Warning notices and safety signs 7 Index 8 Figure 1 Symbols used for slatted, perforated or mesh floors 3 Figure 2 Vertical cambers 4 Table 1 Dimensional tolerances
9、 for individual slats, multiple slats and perforated and mesh panels 4 Table 2 Recommended dimensions for floors for cattle 6 Table 3 Recommended dimensions for floors for pigs 7 Table 4 Recommended dimensions for floors for sheep 7 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS5502-51:1991 ii BSI 0
10、7-1999 Foreword This Part of BS5502 has been prepared under the direction of the Farm and Horticultural Buildings Standards Policy Committee and comprises a new Partto BS5502. While BS5502 is being revised and added to, the opportunity is being taken to restructure the standard into the following br
11、oad subject areas: Part 0: Introduction and consolidated index; Parts 10 to 19: Reference information and legislation; Parts 20 to 39: General design; Parts 40 to 59: Livestock buildings; Parts 60 to 79: Crop buildings; Parts 80 to 99: Ancillary buildings. More specifically, the livestock building s
12、eries will comprise: Part 40: Code of practice for design and construction of cattle buildings; Part 41: Code of practice for design and construction of sheep buildings andpens; Part 42: Code of practice for design and construction of pig buildings; Part 43: Code of practice for design and construct
13、ion of poultry buildings; Part 49: Code of practice for design and construction of milking parlours; Part 50: Code of practice for design, construction and use of storage tanks and reception pits for livestock slurry; Part 51: Code of practice for design and construction of slatted, perforated and m
14、esh floors for livestock; Part 52: Code of practice for design and construction of emergency ventilation systems for livestock buildings. A more detailed description of the new structure of BS5502 is given in Part0. The object of introducing the new structure is to allow subject areas to be broadly
15、characterized, and related subject matter, whether in the form of recommendations, guidance or supporting data, to be rationalized and brought together. It will also allow sufficient flexibility to enable BS5502 to be expanded and developed in a logical way in the future. It has been assumed in the
16、drafting of this Part of BS5502 that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose guidance it has been prepared. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are resp
17、onsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been
18、updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5502-51:1991 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS5502 gives recommendations on the design and construction of slatted, perforated and mesh floors used for
19、 the housing of cattle, pigs and sheep so as to provide self-cleaning by allowing animal waste to pass through the voids. The recommendations are applicable specifically to the housing of: a) cattle (see notes 1 and 2); b) pigs (see notes 1 and 2); c) sheep (see notes 1 and 2). NOTE 1Loading data in
20、 BS5502-22 limits upper bound. NOTE 2Flooring may not be suitable for certain types of stock, see8.1, 9.1 and10.1. The recommendations given on welfare considerations, materials, general design and installation are applicable to other types of livestock provided that additional consideration is give
21、n to the particular needs of the livestock being housed. These recommendations are not applicable to poultry. NOTE 3The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions and symbols 2.1 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the defini
22、tions given in BS6100 and BS5502-10 apply together with the following. 2.1.1 slat individual solid longitudinal floor member between two supports 2.1.2 multiple slat prefabricated unit consisting of a number of parallel spaced slats, or a voided panel where the ratio of the length to the width of th
23、e hole exceeds3:2 2.1.3 perforated panel preformed panel supported on two or more sides with a regular pattern of holes 2.1.4 mesh panel expanded, woven or welded mesh supported on two or more sides with a regular pattern of holes 2.1.5 void ratio floor area unobstructed to the passage of waste in a
24、 slatted, perforated or mesh floor divided by total floor area excluding solid areas at edges, over supports or areas used as spacers 2.1.6 service life period of time during which no excessive expenditure is required on operation, maintenance or repair of a component or construction 2.1.7 design li
25、fe period of time during which a component or construction is intended by the designer to perform its required function 2.2 Symbols For the purposes of this Part of BS5502, the following symbols, illustrated inFigure 1, apply. 3 Animal welfare considerations 3.1 When designing or constructing floori
26、ng for animals, consideration should be given to the current editions of Codes of recommendations for the welfare of livestock 1) . Within these codes guidance is given on the type of floors suitable for stock. These codes are regularly revised and the latest version should always be consulted. s sp
27、acing/clear distance between solid portions of slats, multiple slats, perforated and mesh panels (in mm). w width of a single slat or solid portion between voids in a multiple slat (in mm). a radius of arrises between top and side faces of solid portions of a slat, multiple slat, perforated or mesh
28、panel (in mm). relief angle of side face of solid portion of slat, multiple slat, perforated or mesh panel (in degrees). d depth of a slat, multiple slat unit, perforated or mesh panel (inmm). L overall length of a slat, multiple slat unit, perforated or mesh panel (inmm). x supported length of a sl
29、at, multiple slat unit, perforated or mesh panel (inmm). W p overall width of a single slat, multiple slat, perforated or mesh panel (inmm). b dung-break-off edge (inmm). 1) Published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland and
30、the Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland.BS5502-51:1991 2 BSI 07-1999 3.2 Floors need to be adequately designed, constructed and maintained to assist in safeguarding the welfare of animals and to avoid causing distress, discomfort and injury to the animals. Surfaces accessible to livestock
31、 should be slip resistant and be free of edges, projections and fittings that could cause injury. NOTEInjuries reported as a result of poorly designed flooring include: a) muscle and skeletal injury due to slipping or trapping of feet or legs; b) torn teats; c) tail trapping; d) unevenly worn hooves
32、; e) abrasions and sores; f) cuts from sharp edges; g) bruising. Collapse of the flooring through poor construction, deterioration of the material used or the melting of products is likely to be a serious hazard to livestock and possibly to man. 3.3 Slatted, perforated and mesh floors can contribute
33、 substantially to the cleanliness and health of an animal by allowing for the speedy removal of faecal and urinary products from the immediate environment of the animal and thus assisting the provision of a dry living area. Designed and maintained properly they can be comfortable and beneficial to t
34、he welfare of the animal. 3.4 The flooring under an animal requires consideration, not only of strength, durability and shape but of the physiological effect on the animal that may be using the floor every day of its life. Usage may include standing, lying down, moving and sleeping. It is essential,
35、 therefore, that the floor be capable of remaining effective in all these modes of usage without the animal sustaining injury or fear nor suffering interference with its bodily comfort. 3.5 The failure of faecal material to pass through the floor can lead to unhygienic conditions that are detrimenta
36、l to an animals welfare. 3.6 Support beams can often block voids if badly placed and the subsequent lack of drainage can give rise to infections. 3.7 Slurry accumulated in the pit below the floor can generate lethal gases when disturbed. 3.8 Regular inspection and maintenance of floors is required t
37、o ensure that they maintain their design specification and level of performance. 3.9 The recommendations given in8.1, 9.1 and 10.1 for specific types of livestock should be followed, as applicable. 4 Materials 4.1 General 4.1.1 All materials used in the construction of slatted, perforated and mesh f
38、loors should be non-toxic to both man and livestock and be resistant to or be protected against: a) chemical attack and deterioration; b) climatic conditions, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, extremes of temperature, frost, etc.; c) the effects of powered water hoses used for cleaning purposes; d) the ef
39、fects of animal behaviour such as gnawing or bodily impact. 4.1.2 Animal slurry normally varies between neutral and slightly acid. The gases it produces such as ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and methane may be deleterious to the materials used. Detailed information on the durability of
40、 materials is given in BS5502-21. 4.2 Use of materials The use of any material should be in accordance with BS5502-21 and BS5502-22 and any other relevant British Standard. Where no material standard exists perforated, slatted and mesh floors should be tested to prove the structural adequacy and dur
41、ability requirements. 4.3 Reinforced and prestressed concrete Concrete should be selected and specified in accordance with BS5502-22 to the exposure condition “severe”. The sides of the individual slats or the near vertical internal faces of the slatted panels or perforated units should be a cast fi
42、nish with a close textured surface equivalent to type A given in BS8110-1, to provide for self cleaning. 4.4 Metals Metal floors should be in accordance with the recommendations given in BS5502-22 and be constructed using the following materials: a) cast iron that complies with BS1452; b) steel that
43、 complies with BS4592; c) aluminium alloys that comply with BS4592; d) expanded metal that complies with BS405. Hot dip galvanizing should be in accordance with BS729. Particular care should be taken to avoid sharp points on the zinc coatings. NOTECorrosion can occur when aluminium alloys are used f
44、or pig housing because copper-based growth promoters which are detrimental may be used in the diet.BS5502-51:1991 BSI 07-1999 3 Figure 1 Symbols used for slatted, perforated or mesh floorsBS5502-51:1991 4 BSI 07-1999 4.5 Plastics Plastics should be designed for the relevant loads imposed and be capa
45、ble of withstanding the effect of localized heat sources that may reasonably be encountered. 4.6 Timber WARNING. Caution should be exercised in the use of timber for the construction of floors for livestock especially cattle or pigs due to the effects of deterioration due to softening from moisture.
46、 When timber is used for slatted and perforated floors it should be in accordance with the recommendations given in BS5502-22. 4.7 Composite constructions When composite constructions are used (e.g. the rubber surface of concrete units), each part of the unit should comply with the relevant British
47、Standard for the materials and the composites should be fixed together so as to prevent delamination. 5 Geometry and tolerances 5.1 Slats, multiple slats, perforated and mesh panels 5.1.1 The dimensional tolerances for individual slats, multiple slats, perforated and mesh panels should be the lower
48、of the individual values given inTable 1. Table 1 Dimensional tolerances for individual slats, multiple slats and perforated and mesh panels 5.1.2 Along the length (L) and width (W p ) the vertical camber should not exceed or when laid (seeFigure 2). 5.1.3 Where the depth (d) of a slat, multiple sla
49、t, perforated panel or mesh panel is greater than10mm, then a relief angle ( ) should be provided. This angle should be as large as practicable but in no case less than5 . NOTEWhere material has a possible high drag coefficient an angle of11 may be appropriate. 5.1.4 Where dung-break-off edges are provided the dimension b should be greater than2mm. 5.1.5 If the width (w) is greater than15mm, there should be a flat surface between arrises. 5.1.6 Upper surfaces in contact with an animals feet should be textured for slip resist
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