1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5502-65: 1992 Buildings and structures for agriculture Part 65: Code of practice for design and construction of crop processing buildingsBS5502-65:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering
2、(B/-), was publishedunder the authority ofthe Standards Board and comesinto effect on 28February1992 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/549 Draft for comment 90/14584 DC ISBN 0 580 20474 X Committees responsible for this British Standa
3、rd The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Committee B/549, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Commercial Glasshouse Manufacturers Association British
4、Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. British Veterinary Association Department of Agriculture Northern Ireland Farm and Rural Buildings Centre Farm Buildings Association Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Royal In
5、stitute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Scottish Office (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) Silsoe Research Institute Steel Construction Institute Transport and General Workers Union Water Services Association of England and Wales Amendments issued since publication
6、 Amd. No. Date CommentsBS5502-65:1992 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 General 1 4 Design, materials and construction 1 5 Space requirements 2 6 Environment 3 7 Services 3 8 Fire precautions, safety, welfare and hygiene 4 9
7、 Safety signs and notices 4 Index 5 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS5502-65:1992 ii BSI 09-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 5502 has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering. It comprises a partial revision to BS5502-2.3, which is
8、withdrawn. While BS5502 is being revised and added to, the opportunity is being taken to restructure the standard into the following broad subject areas: Part 0: Introduction and consolidated index; Parts 10 to 19: Reference information and legislation; Parts 20 to 39: General design; Parts 40 to 59
9、: Livestock buildings; Parts 60 to 79: Crop buildings; Parts 80 to 99: Ancillary buildings. More specifically, the crop building series will comprise: Part 60: Code of practice for design and construction of buildings for mushrooms; Part 65: Code of practice for design and construction of crop proce
10、ssing buildings; Part 66: Code of practice for design and construction of chitting houses; Part 70: Code of practice for design and construction of ventilated on-floor stores for combinable crops; Part 71: Code of practice for design and construction of ventilated stores for potatoes and onions; Par
11、t 72: Code of practice for design and construction of cool stores; Part 74: Code of practice for design and construction of bins and silos for combinable crops. A more detailed description of the new structure of BS5502 is given in Part0. The object of introducing the new structure is to allow subje
12、ct areas to be broadly characterized, and related subject matter, whether in the form of recommendations, guidance or supporting data, to be rationalized and brought together. It will also allow sufficient flexibility to enable BS5502 to be expanded and developed in a logical way in the future. It h
13、as been assumed in the drafting of this Part of BS5502 that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose guidance it has been prepared. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of Bri
14、tish Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover.
15、This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5502-65:1992 BSI 09-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS 5502 gives recommendations for the design and construction of buildings and struc
16、tures for processing and packaging of horticultural produce. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For purposes of this standard, the definitions given in BS6100 apply. 3 General 3.1 Processing and packaging 3.1.1 Horticult
17、ural processing and packaging buildings form an essential link between incoming produce and the finished cleaned, graded and packaged product recognized as food. High standards of cleanliness and hygiene should be maintained for the structure, the equipment and all staff who partake of operations wi
18、thin or associated with such buildings. 3.1.2 Operations within the structure may include: riddling, washing, drying, quality inspection, grading, processing, packing, weighing, labelling, storage and despatch. In addition provision may be required for container assembly, packaging, crop and waste s
19、torage, quality assessment and staff facilities. 3.1.3 Segregation will usually be required between dirty areas (crop in) and clean areas (product out) as well as storage areas and staff facilities. 3.2 Legislation 3.2.1 Processing and packaging buildings generally fall outside the legislative relax
20、ations in respect of planning and building regulations given to other agricultural/horticultural, production and storage buildings. Therefore consideration should be given to possible relevant legislation (see BS5502-11). 3.2.2 Where processes such as crop washing create liquid and/or solid waste, c
21、onsideration should be given to the requirements of disposal and the control of pollution (seeBS5502-11). 3.2.3 Consideration should be given to the provision of staff facilities to meet relevant hygiene regulations (seeBS5502-82). 3.3 Siting and access Consideration should be given to the siting of
22、processing and packaging buildings (seeBS5502-20). In particular consideration should be given to: a) a level site where there is no risk of flooding; b) ease of access for large transport; c) the availability of services; d) proximity to the highway and to the growing area; e) the disposal or stora
23、ge of liquid and solid waste material; f) nuisance arising from transport, machinery noise and the creation of dust; g) future expansion. 4 Design, materials and construction 4.1 General 4.1.1 The design, choice of materials and construction should be in accordance with BS 5502, BS 5502-20, BS 5502-
24、21, BS 5502-22, BS 5502-23 and BS 5502-25. 4.1.2 Walls, floors and supporting structures should be designed and constructed to withstand loads from plant, equipment, transport and areas designated as storage for either produce, wastes or packaging. The design should provide for buildings that may co
25、ntain integral or freestanding offices, mess rooms and observation platforms. 4.1.3 Structures should be designed to minimize differential settlement, deflection and structural movement that could cause fracturing of surfaces and permit moisture ingress or infestion. 4.1.4 Processing buildings are u
26、sually associated with water and the choice of materials should reflect this. 4.1.5 Building interiors may require regular cleaning with water, acids or caustic alkalis. This should be considered in the choice of materials. 4.1.6 Materials and treatments used in the construction should not impart od
27、our or taint to the produce being processed or packaged. 4.1.7 All parts of the structure should be constructed in accordance with the recommendations given in BS8000. 4.2 Floors 4.2.1 Floors should be level with an even surface. Floors should be designed and constructed to withstand loads from stor
28、age, transport, plant and equipment. The floor should be hard wearing, with a slip resistant surface, be capable of being cleaned and not susceptible to cracking or crazing. A damp-proof membrane should be incorporated. Thermal and shrinkage movement should be minimized by the correct placing of sea
29、led construction, expansion and contraction joints. 4.2.2 Crop washing areas or areas to be cleaned with liquids should be provided with drainage. Floors should slope towards drainage gullies. Ponding or accumulation of excess water should be avoided. 4.2.3 The junction of the floor and wall should
30、be coved.BS5502-65:1992 2 BSI 09-1999 4.3 Walls, roof and ceilings 4.3.1 Walls and roof should be weatherproof and pest proof. 4.3.2 Consideration should be given to providing protection to walls to minimize impact damage. Obtuse angles where impact is possible should be protected. 4.3.3 Ceilings ma
31、y be the roof structure, may be suspended from the roof structure or self supporting from the walls. Junctions between walls and ceilings should be sealed. 4.3.4 Surface finishes should be continuous and sealed at all junctions. Surface finishes should be non-reflecting and of a light colour. It is
32、often necessary to ensure that walls and ceilings be finished with approved hygienic impervious, washable surfaces. 4.4 Doors and windows 4.4.1 External doors and doors between dirty and clean areas should be provided. Dimensions and positions of doors should be determined by the intended use and la
33、yout of the buildings. 4.4.2 Flexible rubber doors, plastic strip curtains or other suitable methods should be provided to maintain environmental conditions but allow access where required between areas of the building. 4.4.3 Personnel doors should be fitted with self closing mechanisms. 4.4.4 Air c
34、ushions and dock levellers may be required to external doors at intake and despatch. 4.4.5 Doors should have a surface finish and/or thermal insulation value equivalent to the walls. 4.4.6 Door thresholds should be designed to keep out water. External access areas should slope away from the doorway.
35、 4.4.7 Windows and rooflights may be acceptable where the process permits. NOTEFor grading, artificial light is preferred. 4.4.8 Windows and doors should be proofed against pests and birds. 4.5 Access and walkways Processing and packaging buildings should include all walkways, stairs and platforms n
36、ecessary for access, inspection and maintenance. Rails and kicker boards should be provided. 4.6 Insulation 4.6.1 Where insulation is provided the U values should not exceed0.45W/m 2 C. Certain surface areas may require higher thermal insulation, for example the roof, to combat the effects of solar
37、gain during the summer months, or walls to cool stores. Insulation should be continuous over all surfaces. 4.6.2 Insulation materials should be protected from impact damage, not harbour pests and be durable for the intended life of the building. Where exposed, surface finishes should comply with tha
38、t required for walls (see4.3.4). 4.6.3 Moisture penetration into insulation reduces its efficiency therefore fully sealed vapour barriers should be provided. 4.7 Equipment 4.7.1 Equipment used for the processing and packaging of produce should be robust, easily cleaned and should not impart odour or
39、 taint or damage the produce. 4.8 Drainage Materials used to construct waste water drainage systems should be resistant to cleaning products such as acids and caustic alkalis. Inspection covers should be greased and sealed and all gullies and channels should be fitted with removable grids or covers.
40、 5 Space requirements 5.1 General 5.1.1 The layout should be determined by the nature and scale of the enterprise, the volume and type of crop to be processed and management techniques. 5.1.2 The area and height of a building should relate to the equipment required to perform the various operations
41、(see3.1.2) and the space required for the movement and access of transport and for operators. Consideration should be given to the need for maintenance and possible redirection of the crop. 5.1.3 Layout should be such that dirty or wet areas are physically separated from clean, dry areas. The crop s
42、hould progress through the building from field store to despatch. 5.1.4 Motorized or gravity conveyors and elevators should be considered for internal transportation from one process to another. 5.2 Staff facilities 5.2.1 Staff facilities should be in accordance with the recommendations given in BS5
43、502-82. 5.2.2 Staff facilities should include changing rooms, sanitary installations for male and female staff, a mess room which may include a staff canteen, offices and quality control/laboratory facilities. The size of the facilities will depend on the type and scale of the enterprise. 5.2.3 Toil
44、ets should be externally ventilated and physically separated from any packing area by a ventilated lobby. Wash hand basins should be provided with a supply of hot and cold water, operated by an elbow or knee. Shower cubicles may be required.BS5502-65:1992 BSI 09-1999 3 5.2.4 An area separated from t
45、he processing area should be provided for staff to take breaks or meals with seating provided up to the envisaged maximum usage. 5.2.5 Changing rooms may be incorporated with mess rooms and where required should contain lockers for dirty and clean clothing. 6 Environment 6.1 General 6.1.1 Environmen
46、tal conditions required will vary with type of crop, operation within the processing chain and necessity for operator presence. Temperature and ventilation rates should be maintained at a level that keeps the crop cool and is acceptable to the operator. 6.1.2 The type of cooling method used, either
47、rapid or conventional, should be determined by the type of crop and when it was harvested. Where the crop is delivered from a cool store, holding areas may be required to allow the crop temperature to rise. At despatch, chill storage and refrigerated transport may be necessary (seeBS5502-72). In all
48、 areas where the crop is held, a uniform temperature should be maintained throughout the stack. 6.2 Temperature Where operators work, a minimum comfort temperature of16 C should be maintained. This may be achieved with radiant heating that allows low dry bulb air temperatures with zones of local rad
49、iant heat, to maintain comfort levels for staff. Temperatures should not rise above24 C. 6.3 Ventilation 6.3.1 Buildings should be ventilated to maintain a working environment that avoids excess humidity and condensation. NOTEThe Health and Safety at Work Act requires a minimumvolume of air and fresh air supply within the building(11.5m 3 /person and4.72L/s/person respectively). 6.3.2 All mechanical ventilation systems should be filtered to prevent the spread of contamination that could lead to product deterioration. 7 Services 7.1 Electrical insta
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