1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5551-2.1: 1993 ISO 8633:1992 Fertilizers Part 2: Sampling Section 2.1 Simple sampling method for small lots of solid fertilizer UDC 631.8:620.11BS5551-2.1:1993 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee, waspublished
2、 under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effecton 15February1993 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CIC/37 Draft for comment 91/52764 DC ISBN 0 580 21958 5 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation
3、of this British Standard was entrusted by the Chemical Standards Policy Committee (CIC/-) to Technical Committee CIC/37, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Public Analysts British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries British Coal Corporation Chemical Industries A
4、ssociation Consumers Association Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Fertiliser Manufacturers Association Ltd. Horticultural Trades Association Institute of Trading Standards Administration Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Ministry of Defence Amendments
5、 issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS5551-2.1:1993 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 General plan of application 2 6 Determination of the number of
6、sampling units (increments) 2 7 Sampling 2 8 Sampling report 3 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 4 Figure 1 Sampling pattern 3 Table 1 Sampling of product in bags 2 List of references Inside back coverBS5551-2.1:1993 ii BSI 10-1999 National foreword This Section of BS5551 has been prepared under th
7、e direction of the Chemicals Standards Policy Committee. For some years the United Kingdom has participated in the standardization of methods of sampling fertilizers through Subcommittee2, Sampling, of Technical Committee134, Fertilizers and soil conditioners, of the International Organization for S
8、tandardization (ISO). As international agreement is reached on the methods, it is proposed to publish them as Sections of BS5551. BS5551 is published in four Parts, each Part being divided into Sections and, where appropriate, Subsections. The four Parts are: Part 1: Terminology and labelling; Part
9、2: Sampling; Part 3: Physical properties; Part 4: Chemical analysis. This Section of Part 2 is identical with ISO8633:1992 Solid fertilizers Simple sampling method for small lots. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards ar
10、e responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International Standard Corresponding British Standard BS 5551 Fertilizers ISO 5306:1983 Section 2.2:1984 Presentation of sampling reports (Ident
11、ical) ISO/TR 5307:1991 Section 2.6:1992 Guide to derivation of a sampling plan for the evaluation of a large delivery of solid fertilizer (Identical) ISO 5308:1992 Section 2.10:1993 Method of checking the performance of mechanical devices for sampling of solid fertilizer moving in bulk (Identical) I
12、SO/TR 7553:1987 Section 2.7:1988 Recommendations for minimum mass of increment of a solid fertilizer to be taken to be representative of the total sampling unit (Identical) ISO 7742:1988 Section 2.5:1989 Method for reduction of samples of solid fertilizers (Identical) ISO 8157:1984 Section 1.2:1986
13、Glossary of terms (Identical) ISO 8358:1991 Section 2.8:1991 Methods for preparation of samples of solid fertilizer for chemical and physical analysis (Identical) ISO 8634:1991 Section 2.9:1991 Sampling plan for the evaluation of a large delivery of solid fertilizer (Identical) Summary of pages This
14、 document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5551-
15、2.1:1993 BSI 10-1999 1 Introduction Correct sampling is a difficult operation which requires great care. The need to obtain a fully representative sample for the chemical and physical testing of fertilizers cannot be stressed too much. Sampling plans have been produced to cover a range of quantities
16、 of fertilizer and these form the basis of other International Standards. The sampling plan given in this International Standard is not based on strict statistical principles and further information on the statistical theory of sampling fertilizers may be found elsewhere, for example in ISO/TR5307.
17、Samples obtained by following the procedures described in this International Standard may be considered as representative of the original lot or sample portion. 1 Scope This International Standard defines a sampling plan for the control of quantities of solid fertilizer not more than250t and outline
18、s the method to be used. It is applicable to all solid fertilizers which may be in bulk or in packages. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editi
19、ons indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently
20、valid International Standards. ISO 5306:1983, Fertilizers Presentation of sampling reports. ISO 5308:, Solid fertilizers Method of checking the performance of mechanical devices for the sampling of product moving in bulk 1) . ISO/TR 7553:1987, Fertilizers Sampling Minimum mass of increment to be tak
21、en to be representative of the total sampling unit. ISO 7742:1988, Solid fertilizers Reduction of samples. ISO 8157:1984, Fertilizers and soil conditioners Vocabulary. ISO 8358:1991, Solid fertilizers Preparation of samples for chemical and physical analysis. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this I
22、nternational Standard, the definitions given in ISO8157 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 lot; sample portion the total quantity of material, assumed to have the same characteristics, to be sampled using a particular sampling plan 3.2 delivery a quantity of material transferred at one time 3.
23、3 sampling unit a defined quantity of material having a boundary which may be physical, for example a container, or hypothetical, for example a particular time or time interval in the case of a flow of material 3.4 increment a representative quantity of material taken from a sampling unit 3.5 aggreg
24、ate sample a combination of all increments from the lot 3.6 reduced sample a representative part of the aggregate sample obtained by a process of reduction in such a manner that the mass approximates to that of the final (laboratory) samples 3.7 final sample a representative part of the reduced samp
25、le or, where no intermediate reduction is required, of the aggregate sample 4 Apparatus It is important that all sampling apparatus be made from materials which cannot affect the characteristics of the fertilizer being sampled. 4.1 Flat-bottomed shovel or scoop with vertical sides, for manual sampli
26、ng. NOTE 1The use of sampling spears is not recommended for the taking of samples for the determination of physical properties. Spears can only be accepted for other sampling provided they can collect increments of more than the minimum mass defined in ISO/TR7553. In any case, the dimensions of the
27、spear have to be appropriate to the characteristics of the sample portion and to the particle size of the fertilizer. 1) To be published.BS5551-2.1:1993 2 BSI 10-1999 NOTE 2Sampling from a running bulk stream by mechanical devices is to be preferred. 4.2 Mechanical sampling device, for the sampling
28、of fertilizer in motion. Any device should be checked for bias as described in ISO5308. 4.3 Apparatus for sample division The use of a tool which deals with the complete sampling unit is generally preferable (riffle, cone sample divider, automatic rotary sample divider, etc.) provided it does not gi
29、ve rise to elutriation phenomena (separating out of the fine particles, centrifuging of the coarse particles, etc.). NOTE 3Further information on apparatus for sample division may be found in ISO7742. 5 General plan of application The application of this International Standard involves a number of s
30、uccessive operations described in5.1 to5.5. 5.1 Determinations prior to sampling Determination of the number of sampling units to be sampled (see clause6). 5.2 Designation of the sampling units a) Fertilizer in bags (see7.1). b) Fertilizer in bulk (see7.2 or7.3). 5.3 Increments from the sampling uni
31、ts a) Fertilizer in bags (see7.1). b) Fertilizer in bulk (see7.2 or7.3). 5.4 Preparation of the aggregate sample See7.4. 5.5 Preparation of the sampling report See clause8. 6 Determination of the number of sampling units (increments) 6.1 Product in bags In this case the sampling unit is a bag and th
32、e number of individual bags to be sampled is obtained from theTable 1. In this context, a bag is taken to contain no more than50kg larger containers such as intermediate containers (IBCs) should be treated as product in bulk (see6.2). Table 1 Sampling of product in bags For packages weighing5kg or l
33、ess, the entire container is taken as the sample. For packages weighing less than1kg each, it may be necessary to increase the number taken, to ensure a sufficiently large aggregate sample. 6.2 Product in bulk In this case the size of the sampling unit depends on the total mass. The minimum number o
34、f sampling units is10 for all sample portions up to5t. Above5t, the number should be taken as the square root or20times the tonnage present in the sample portion. 7 Sampling 7.1 Product in bags Number the bags in the sample portion consecutively and, by using a source of random numbers, select the b
35、ags to be sampled. Take one increment from each of the selected bags either by using a mechanical divider (4.3) or by emptying the contents of the bag onto a clean dry area, mixing with the shovel or scoop (4.1) and collecting one shovelful. 7.2 Product in bulk during loading or unloading If the loa
36、ding or unloading operation is carried out using grabbing equipment (grabbing crane, automatic shovel loader), the sampling unit is composed of the quantity of material corresponding to one grab. If the operation is carried out, at least in part, using continuous apparatus (conveyor belt, pneumatic
37、device, etc.), each sampling unit is made up of a mass of approximately50kg taken during the operation. Sample portion Minimum number of sampling units400 bags 20 a a As a guide, above100 bags the number of sampling units may be taken as the square root of the total number of units present.BS5551-2.
38、1:1993 BSI 10-1999 3 Knowing the mass of the lot (sample portion) to be sampled, calculate the number of sampling units contained in the lot. The sampling units from which increments are taken shall be designated at random throughout the duration of the loading or unloading operation. Number the sam
39、pling units in chronological order of their actual formation (grabbing equipment) or virtual formation (continuous apparatus). In the latter case, the time intervals are numbered, taking into account the operating rate of the apparatus. By using a source of random numbers, select the sampling units
40、to be sampled and take one increment from each sampling unit using the shovel or scoop (4.1) or, in the case of a continuous apparatus, the mechanical sampling device (4.2). 7.3 Product in bulk, in storage or in transport Make an imaginary division of the lot (sample portion) into a number of approx
41、imately equal parts. The number of parts shall correspond to the number of sampling units to be selected (see6.2). Take an increment from each sampling unit using the shovel or scoop (4.1). As far as possible, the parts of the sample portion should be such that all constituent parts of the lot are s
42、ampled. If this is not possible, for example for quantities above25t, the sampling should be carried out when the lot is moved, following the procedure in7.2. For sampling product in quantities below25t, the standard sampling pattern should be used (seeFigure 1), so that each increment represents an
43、 approximately equal fraction of the whole. 7.4 Treatment of the increments Thoroughly mix all the increments (collected as in7.1, 7.2 or7.3) to form a single aggregate sample using a device such as a double-cone mixer or, if this is not available, by hand. Place the aggregate sample in a clean, sea
44、lable, airtight container. The further treatment of this aggregate sample will depend on the purpose of the sampling and the analysis to be performed. For information on sample reduction and division see ISO7742, and on sample preparation see ISO8358. 8 Sampling report The sampling report should com
45、prise: a) a reference to this International Standard; b) date and location of sampling; c) date of arrival of the lot of fertilizer, if sampling has taken place on the clients premises; d) characteristics of the fertilizer sampled according to the information given on the bags or on the sale documen
46、ts, if it is in bulk, with the statement of the guaranteed nutrients; e) nominal size of the lot; f) number of increments taken; g) all observations which could, in the opinion of the sampler, be of importance (e.g. packaging). It shall, in addition, mention all operating details not covered in this
47、 International Standard or which are optional, together with any events which may have an effect on the results. For a more detailed form or sampling report, see ISO5306. Figure 1 Sampling patternBS5551-2.1:1993 4 BSI 10-1999 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 1 ISO/TR 5307:1991, Solid fertilizers D
48、erivation of a sampling plan for the evaluation of a large delivery. 2 ISO 8634:1991, Solid fertilizers Sampling plan for the evaluation of a large delivery.BS5551-2.1:1993 BSI 10-1999 List of references See national foreword.BS 5551-2.1: 1993 ISO 8633:1992 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL B
49、SIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions BritishStandards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of BritishStandards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambigu
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