BS 5618-1985 Code of practice for thermal insulation of cavity walls (with masonry or concrete inner and outer leaves) by filling with urea-formaldehyde (UF) foam systems《填充脲甲醛(UF).pdf

1、.BRITISH STANDARD BS5618:1985 Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 and2 Code for practice for Thermal insulation of cavity walls (with masonry or concrete inner and outer leaves) by filling with urea-formaldehyde (UF) foam systems UDC 678.6524121:692.232.2:699.86BS5618:1985 This British Standard, having b

2、een prepared under the directionof the Plastics Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSIand comes into effect on 31July1985 BSI04-1999 First published August1978 First revision July1985 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee refe

3、rence PLM/46 Draft for comment85/35766 DC ISBN 0 580 14653 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Plastics Standards Committee (PLM/-) to Technical Committee PLM/46, upon which the following bodies were represented: Associatio

4、n of Building Component Manufacturers Ltd. Brick Development Association British Board of Agrment British Plastics Federation British Rigid Urethane Foam Manufacturers Association British Urethane Foam Contractors Association (BUFCA) Calcium Silicate Brick Association Limited Chief and Assistant Chi

5、ef Fire Officers Association Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment Fire Research Station) Department of the Environment (Housing and Construction Industries) Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland De

6、partment of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Fire Offices Committee Flat Roofing Contractors Advisory Board Greater London Council Institute of Refrigeration Ministry of Defence National Cavity Insulation Association National Coal Board

7、 National Federation of Roofing Contractors National House-building Council Phenolic Foam Manufacturers Association Royal Institute of British Architects Shipowners Refrigerated Cargo Research Association Structural Insulation Association The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of

8、 the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Building Employers Confederation Eurisol (UK) Association of Manufacturers of Mineral Insulation Fibres Welwyn Hall Research Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue Comments 6262 March 1990 7114 May 1992 Indicated by a s

9、ideline in the marginBS5618:1985 BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Suitability of cavity walls for insulation 2 4 Material composition 2 5 Thermal performance of installed foam 2 6 The filling process 2 7 Installation of the

10、 UF foam system 4 8 Post-installation activities 5 9 Records 6 10 Declaration 6 Appendix A Criteria for suitability of external cavity walls 7 Appendix B Natural stones used in the construction of masonry walls 9 Appendix C Calculation of the exposure index E of a building (tabular method) 11 Append

11、ix D Calculation of the exposure index E (formula method) 12 Appendix E Driving-rain index 13 Appendix F Comparison of methods for assessing exposure to wind-driven rain 14 Appendix G Formaldehyde 15 Appendix H Flue checks for appliances of rated input not exceeding60 kW 15 Appendix J Properties of

12、the installed (UF) foam 17 Appendix K Methods for determination of cavity width 17 Figure 1 Staggered drilling pattern (representing maximum spacing) 18 Figure 2 Drilling and filling patterns at damp proof course and party lines 18 Figure 3 Unit area plan 19 Figure 4 Overall pattern of filling for a

13、 nominal50 mm width cavity 19 Figure 4a Types of rubble walling 20 Figure 5 Maximum height of external cavity wall 21 Figure 6 Effective height of a partially protected cavity wall 21 Figure 7 Height of location for buildings on or close to steeply rising ground 21 Figure 8 Relationship between the

14、exposure index used in this code and the maximum directional spell index in DD93 22 Figure 9 Measurement of cavity width 23 Figure 10 Estimation of cavity width 23 Table 1 Quality checks on site during or prior to installation 3 Table 2 Geographic factor G 11 Table 3 Topographic factor T 11 Table 4

15、Terrain roughness factor R 12 Table 5 Topographic factor S 12 Table 6 Equations for B c 13 Table 7 Comparisons between exposure values in DD93 and in this code 14 Key to driving-rain index maps1 to30 26 Map 130 Driving-rain index Map 31 Annual mean driving-rain index “roses” Publications referred to

16、 Inside back coverBS5618:1985 ii BSI 04-1999 Foreword This revision of BS5618, which has been prepared under the direction of the Plastics Standards Committee, supersedes BS5618:1978 which is withdrawn. Greater use is being made of insulation in new construction as a consequence of changes in buildi

17、ng regulations. The committee has therefore taken recent studies into account. The use of urea-formaldehyde (UF) foam has proved to be an effective means of providing higher standards of thermal insulation in buildings of cavity wall construction having inner and outer masonry or concrete leaves, an

18、d having an external cavity wall of maximum height12 m. This British Standard indicates criteria for the selection of suitable buildings and defines the procedures and precautions to be followed to provide for the satisfactory injection of a foam system into the cavity wall. Evidence strongly sugges

19、ts that water penetration is more related to the quality of the design, workmanship in construction and the presence of defects such as cracks, than to the type of masonry units used in the wall cavity. Attention is drawn to BS8208-1 which is the basis of the assessment of suitability used in this s

20、tandard. It is believed that the suitability selection procedure has been improved with the introduction of more recent information. A new appendix has been introduced to give guidance on the quality of the installed foam, and another to introduce a new method of determining driving-rain index which

21、 may, in future, succeed the present method if proven to be an improvement in the assessment of suitability. Yet another has been introduced to give methods of ascertaining cavity width. The procedural advice and the controls needed on site have been strengthened. BS5617 specifies suitable (UF) foam

22、 systems and gives the tests to be carried out at all stages of the foam system preparation to ensure that the requirements for successful injection of the foam system and its performance in situ are achieved when the practices described in this standard are applied. The recommendations concerning t

23、he performance in storage of urea-formaldehyde resin were amended in1989. It is strongly recommended that an independent surveillance authority (e.g.the British Standards Institution) should carry out random surveys to ensure that the installation contractor follows this British Standard. The maps i

24、n this British Standard are based on the Building Research Establishment Report “Driving-rain index” (1976) by R E Lacy, BSc (Eng), FRMetS, by courtesy of the Director, BRE. The maps have been revised with additional contour lines, and have been reproduced (with a photograpic reduction of10%) from t

25、he Ordnance Survey1:625 000 Map with the permission of the Controller of Her Majestys Stationery Office, Crown copyright reserved. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Comp

26、liance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1to56, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have h

27、ad amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS5618:1985 BSI 04-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard code of practice describes recommendations for the installation of urea-formaldehyde (UF) foam systems which are dispensed on site, to fill the c

28、avities of suitably situated and constructed external walls of maximum height12 m, which have masonry or concrete inner and outer leaves, thereby providing additional thermal insulation to such walls. It defines what are suitably situated and constructed external walls and indicates essential proced

29、ures and precautions for the filling process. Walls built of random rubble are not covered by this code. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this code are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 2.1 cavit

30、y an air space between two leaves of an external wall 2.2 urea-formaldehyde (UF) foam an infusible cellular matrix of cured urea-formaldehyde resin insoluble in water and other common solvents 2.3 urea-formaldehyde (UF) foam system a mixture of urea-formaldehyde resin, hardener, surfactant, water, a

31、ir and water additives 2.4 hardener a chemical additive that causes the UF resin to polymerize and change to a water-insoluble solid 2.5 surfactant a chemical added to a liquid that has the effect of lowering the surface tension of the liquid and thus enabling it to form a foam 2.6 indicator stick a

32、 rod, typically5 mm diameter and250 mm long, inserted through an injection or sight hole in the leaf of a wall into the cavity to monitor the movement of the UF foam system in the wall at that point during the filling process 2.7 installation contractor a company or organization that undertakes the

33、insulation of building structures to improve their thermal insulation by injecting a suitable urea-formaldehyde (UF) foam system 2.8 independent surveillance authority an independent body that monitors the quality of service provided by an installation contractor 2.9 recessed joints joints where the

34、 mortar line has been deliberately formed or cut back to leave the top surface of the brick exposed 2.10 sight hole an additional hole drilled through either leaf of a wall into the cavity, used only to check that the foam system has reached that point in the cavity 2.11 unit area plan a method of d

35、ividing up the exterior walls of the building to show the sequence of foaming through the injection holes 2.12 damp proof course (d.p.c.) a layer of impermeable material so placed in the building that the passage of moisture between the parts it separates is negligible 2.13 cavity closer a building

36、feature closing a cavity around an opening in the wall NOTEExamples are a sill or a lintel. 2.14 stop end a vertical cavity closer, such as a reveal block, which limits the horizontal travel of a foam system during injection 2.15 vapour check a surface within a building structure which has a very hi

37、gh resistance to the movement of water vapour through it 2.16 masonry walling constructed of natural stone, reconstituted stone, brick, concrete, breeze block or any combination of these materialsBS5618:1985 2 BSI 04-1999 3 Suitability of cavity walls for insulation 3.1 General The thermal conductiv

38、ity of cavity walls is substantially reduced by the presence of UF foam in the cavity. Experience has shown that the presence of UF foam is compatible with the weather-resisting function of external walls provided that due allowance is made for the construction and the exposure to wind-driven rain.

39、It is essential that only if the installation contractor considers the building to be suitable or capable of being made suitable, should installation be carried out (see3.2). 3.2 Determination of suitability BS8208 covers all aspects which should be taken into account when assessing the general suit

40、ability of cavity walls for insulation. The particular factors and the appropriate suitability criteria relevant for the purposes of this standard are as follows. a) The cavity walls to be filled should be structurally sound. Rectification of obvious defects should form part of the contract. Cavity

41、wall insulation cannot make up for defects in the existing construction and may accentuate existing faults (see Appendix A). b) To minimize the chance of significant quantities of water crossing the cavity, the materials of construction and the degree of exposure of the external walls to wind-driven

42、 rain should be within the limits stated (seeAppendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix E and Appendix F). c) Where a cavity is being used as a source of combustion air or as a flue, it is essential not to fill it until suitable trunking or other devices have been installed (seeA.8). d) It is esse

43、ntial that the foam system is not installed between vapour barriers, because it cannot then dry out. e) To contain the foam system, and any gas which might evolve from it, within the cavity, the internal leaf should be checked for continuity (seeAppendix G). f) It is essential that the upper boundar

44、y of the foam is physically protected from water ingress. If this is not done, the top surface of the foam could act as a bridge for water to cross the cavity. g) Where a vapour check has been installed on the cold side of the foam, condensation can form in cold weather conditions on the inside surf

45、ace of the vapour check (see A.1.7 andA.5). In the case of new construction allowance should be made for this in the design of the building. 4 Material composition It is essential that the insulating material used in the filling process is a urea-formaldehyde foam system that complies with BS5617. 5

46、 Thermal performance of installed foam For design purposes an effective thermal conductivity value for UF foam installed in masonry cavity walls should be taken to be0.04 W/(mK) (seeAppendix J). 6 The filling process 6.1 General Aqueous resin and hardener solutions and compressed air are supplied se

47、parately to foam system generating equipment either from pressurized pots or from a pump system. The compressed air should previously have been passed through an oil separator. The foam system is mixed in the system generating equipment and is fully expanded before injection into the wall cavity. Th

48、e foam system is injected into the cavity wall through a series of holes, drilled in a predetermined pattern, in the wall. The extent of the foam system travel in a wall should be monitored by the use of indicator sticks in adjacent holes. The foam system which is fluid at the time of injection, set

49、s shortly afterwards. It then dries by evaporation through the fabric of the building to form an inert cellular matrix. NOTEBecause foam can be difficult to remove when cured, particularly from glass, any spillage should be cleaned up as soon as it occurs. 6.2 Performance in storage of urea-formaldehyde resin 6.2.1 If the resin is stored at temperatures below20 C it should remain usable for a period of at least three months from the date of quality control release testing stated by the foam system supplier for each container. Durin