BS 5643-1984 Glossary of refrigeration heating ventilating and air-conditioning terms《制冷、采暖、通风与空调术语词汇》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5643:1984 Glossary of Refrigeration, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning terms UDC 001.4:621.56 + 697BS 5643:1984 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Committee, was published under the a

2、uthority of the Board of BSI on 29 February 1984 BSI 08-1999 First published February 1979 First revision February 1984 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RHE/1 Draft for comment 82/71045 DC ISBN 0 580 13735 X Committees responsible for this British

3、 Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning Standards Committee (RHE/-) to Technical Committee RHE/1 upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers British Gas Corporation British Refrigera

4、tion and Air Conditioning Association Building Services Research and Information Association Chartered Institution of Building Services District Heating Association Domestic Solid Fuel Appliances Approval Scheme Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Heating and Ventilating Contractors Ass

5、ociation Hevac Association Institute of Refrigeration Institution of Gas Engineers Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS 5643:1984 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Glossary 1BS 5643:1984 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This rev

6、ised British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Refrigeration, Heating, and Air Conditioning Standards Committee. It includes a number of terms additional to those in the 1979 edition which is superseded and withdrawn. The guiding principles during preparation of the glossary have

7、 been: a) to include all technical terms that are commonly used in the refrigeration, heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning industries to form a comprehensive and self-contained document; b) to provide definitions that are concise and definitive rather than descriptive; c) to rely on establishe

8、d definitions and those from other British Standards and from International Standards wherever possible. In applying these principles, terms of very narrow application (such as those relating only to a point of detail in a piece of specialized equipment) have been omitted. Some commonplace terms hav

9、e been included, however, where the technical meaning is narrower than, or differs from, the dictionary definition. An overlap with other British Standard glossaries occurs with certain terms that are widely used both in this field and in other industries, examples being boiler plant, controls, fans

10、, and valves. In these cases: a) overlap terms have been included only to the extent that they are in common use in the refrigeration, heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning industries; b) the definitions in this glossary relate to the usage in the field which the glossary covers and they may di

11、ffer from the usage in other fields; c) for more comprehensive or alternative definitions of these overlap terms, reference should be made to the British Standard glossary for the particular industry. Terms are in alphabetical order throughout. With terms comprising a noun and an adjective, the list

12、ing is generally under the noun with the adjective following so that related terms appear together. In a few cases the relationship is through the adjective rather than the noun, and these are listed under the first word. These cases are cross-indexed to facilitate ready reference. As the definition

13、s are not descriptive it will in some cases be necessary to refer to standard technical guides for practical applications or for statements of current practice. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for t

14、heir correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to 86 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and

15、may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS 5643:1984 BSI 08-1999 1 Term Definition absolute humidity see humidity, absolute. absolute roughness see roughness, absolute. absorber In an absorption refrigerating system, the part in w

16、hich refrigerant vapour is absorbed. absorption A taking up of the molecules of a fluid by capillary, osmotic, chemical or solvent action. absorption, sound see sound absorption. absorption coefficient, solar The value of solar absorptivity for a surface. absorption coefficient, sound see sound abso

17、rption coefficient. absorption refrigerating system see refrigerating system, absorption. absorptivity The fraction of the incident radiation that is absorbed by a surface on which it falls. absorptivity, solar The ratio of the amount of solar radiation absorbed by a surface to that falling on the s

18、urface. accelerated control see control, accelerated. access door A door providing access to an installation for maintenance or inspection purposes. acclimatization Becoming accustomed to a particular climate or environment. accumulator, hot water A vessel in which heat is stored as hot water for us

19、e as required. accumulator, refrigerant A vessel in the low pressure side of a system to contain liquid refrigerant. accumulator, steam Vessel in which heat is stored as steam for use as required. acid dewpoint The temperature at which vapour in flue gases condenses when acid products of combustion

20、are present. acoustics The science of sound waves including the properties of production and propagation. activated carbon filter see air filter, activated carbon. actuator A device which, on receipt of an electrical or pressure signal, produces a mechanical movement capable of regulating energy or

21、fluid flow. adiabatic mixing The mixing of substances without the addition or removal of heat. adiabatic process A thermodynamic process in which there is no addition or removal of heat. adiabatic saturation The extent to which a gas can take up liquid without a change in heat content. adiabatic sat

22、uration temperature see temperature of adiabatic saturation. adjustable flow rate (air) diffuser see air diffuser, adjustable flow rate. adjustable grille see grille, adjustable. adjustable pattern (air) diffuser see air diffuser, adjustable pattern. adjustable pitch fan see fan, axial flow, adjusta

23、ble pitch. admittance The measure of the ability of a surface to smooth out temperature variations.BS 5643:1984 2 BSI 08-1999 adsorber In an adsorption refrigerating system, the part in which refrigerant or water vapour is adsorbed. adsorption A process whereby a solid takes up a fluid by surface ad

24、hesion. adsorption refrigerating system see refrigerating system, adsorption. after cooler a) A heat exchanger designed to treat air as the final cooling process in a system. b) A heat exchanger for the removal of heat from a fluid as the final cooling process in a system. after filter see air filte

25、r, after. after heater A heat exchanger designed to treat air as the final heating process in a system. agitator A device for causing turbulent motion in a fluid. air, dry see dry air. air, excess see excess air. air, exhaust Air flow leaving the treated space. air, extract Exhaust air that is disch

26、arged to atmosphere. air, fresh Air from free atmosphere that is sufficiently uncontaminated to be used for ventilation. air, make-up see make-up air. air, primary a) Air for combustion purposes admitted directly to or with the fuel. b) Air introduced into a ventilation or air conditioning system fr

27、om outside. c) In an induction system, air supplied to the terminal units from a central plant. air, recirculation Exhaust air returned to the air treatment system. air, relief Exhaust air which is allowed to escape from the treated space if the pressure in the space rises above a specified level. a

28、ir, return Air exhausted from a conditioned space and returned to central plant for recirculation or discharge to waste. air, secondary a) Combustion air admitted in proximity to the fuel for the purpose of completing the combustion. b) Room air entrained and set in motion by air discharge from a gr

29、ille. air, supply Air flow entering the treated space. air, transfer Exhaust air which passes from the treated space to another treated space. air assisted pressure jet oil burner see oil burner, steam (or air) assisted pressure jet. air blast freezer see freezer, air blast. air bottle A container f

30、or collecting air, for example from a high point of a hot water heating system. air change rate The replacement of the volume of air in an enclosure in unit time. air cock see cock, air air compressor see compressor (air). Term DefinitionBS 5643:1984 BSI 08-1999 3 air-conditioner, room see room air-

31、conditioner. air-conditioning A form of air treatment whereby temperature, humidity, ventilation, and air cleanliness are all controlled within limits determined by the requirements of the air-conditioned enclosure. air-conditioning, air-water system see system, air-water. air-conditioning, all air

32、system see system, all air. air-conditioning, comfort Air-conditioning to satisfy the comfort requirements of the occupants of the air-conditioned enclosure. air-conditioning, complete Air-conditioning in which the temperature and humidity are independently controlled. air-conditioning, full The app

33、lication of air-conditioning to all the usable spaces in a building other than transit areas, stores, toilets and the like. air-conditioning, partial The application of air-conditioning to some, but not all, of the usable areas in a building. air-conditioning, year round system A complete system whi

34、ch ventilates, heats and humidifies in winter, cools and dehumidifies in summer, the air in the spaces under consideration and provides the desired degree of air cleanliness and motion. air-conditioning convector (deprecated) see convector, air-conditioning. air cooled condenser see condenser, air c

35、ooled. air cooler see cooler, air. air cooler battery see battery, air cooler. air curtain A stream of air that creates a barrier between two spaces which are at different conditions. air cushion A quantity of air deliberately collected at a point in a heating circuit to minimize variations in press

36、ure with temperature. air cycle refrigerating system see refrigerating system, air cycle. air diffuser A supply air terminal device usually placed in the ceiling and generally of circular, square or rectangular form and composed of divergent deflecting members. air diffuser, adjustable flow rate An

37、air diffuser incorporating a device for varying air flow rate without affecting the direction of the air jets. air diffuser, adjustable pattern An air diffuser that incorporates an integral device by means of which the direction of the air jets can be varied. air diffuser, ceiling An air diffuser su

38、itable only for ceiling mounting. air diffuser, fully adjustable An air diffuser that invorporates independent devices to achieve the following: a) variation of the direction of the air jets without alteration of the air flow rate; and b) variation of the air flow rate without alteration of the dire

39、ction of the air jets. air diffusion The distribution of the air in a space by means of air terminal devices. Term DefinitionBS 5643:1984 4 BSI 08-1999 air distribution The transportation of a specified air flow to or from the treated space or spaces, generally by means of ducts. air filter A device

40、 for removing particulate contaminants from an air stream. air filter, activated carbon A carbon pack filter. air filter, after A filter used to collect particulate matter downstream of another filter. air filter, automatic roll A time-controlled rotary screen, or panel viscous filter. air filter, c

41、leanable A filter of which the medium can be washed or wiped. air filter, coarse An air filter used to remove the largest particles of dust. air filter, dry A filter with a processed foam plastic or brush type fabric. air filter, electrostatic An air filter that applies an electric charge to the dus

42、t particles in the airstream, and collects, precipitates or builds up the particles on plates of opposite charge. air filter, fabric A filter using a fabric medium panel construction with a filter medium of fabric. air filter, graduated density An automatic dry type of filter in which advancement of

43、 various grades of filter media is normally controlled by a pressure differential switch. air filter, grease A washable filter normally located within the hood over kitchen appliances. air filter, high efficiency A filter that can remove a high proportion of all particle sizes. air filter, impingeme

44、nt An all metal construction viscous filter with a high dust-loading capacity. air filter, mechanical A filter that depends on dynamical principles. air filter, panel An air filter in which the medium is constructed on one or more frames to facilitate withdrawal. air filter, pre- A filter used to re

45、move coarse particles and some initial dust load from the air before it passes to other filters. air filter, replaceable media A non-cleanable filter in which the filter medium, when dirty, is discarded and replaced by a new one. air filter, rotary viscous A time-switch controlled rotary screen or r

46、otary panel viscous type filter. air filter, self-cleaning A moving curtain dry or viscous impingement type of filter. air filter, terminal A filter located in ductwork close to the outlet grille from the same duct. air filter, throw-away A filter comprising one or more panels which, when used, are

47、replaced by new ones. air filter, viscous An air filter comprising a number of wetted surfaces for collecting dust from the airstream. air filter, wet Air washers that act as air cleaning devices. air filter blow-off Collected dust inadvertently blown from a filter into the airstream. air filter cel

48、l An interchangeable frame containing a filtering material. Term DefinitionBS 5643:1984 BSI 08-1999 5 air filter dust holding capacity The mass of dust which a filter can retain at rated air flow during an increase in resistance from that under “clean” conditions to the resistance at some arbitraril

49、y chosen value. It is usually twice the value of the pressure drop at clean conditions. air filter efficiency The measure of the ability of a filter to remove dust from the air. air filter life The duration before the efficiency of filtration falls to an unacceptable level. air filter medium The material forming the operative part of a mechanical filter. air filter resistance The drop in pressure across a filter at some specified condition of the filter itself. air filter resistance, final The drop in pressure across a filter at the end of a specified period and conditions o