BS 5671-1979 Guide for commissioning operation and maintenance of hydraulic turbines《水轮机交付使用、操作与维修指南》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5671:1979 IEC 545:1976 Guide for Commissioning, operation and maintenance of hydraulic turbines UDC 621.224.004BS5671:1979 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee, was published underthe authority of the Exe

2、cutive Board on 31January1979 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MEE/125 Draft for comment78/74947 DC ISBN 0 580 10561 X Cooperating organizations The Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standar

3、d was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Associated Offices Technical Committee Department of the Environment Association of Consulting Engineers* Department of Trade (Marine Division) Association of Hydraulic

4、Equipment Electricity Supply Industry in England and Manufacturers Wales* Association of Mining Electrical and Engineering Equipment Users Association Mechanical Engineers Federation of Manufacturers of Construction British Compressed Air Society Equipment and Cranes British Electrical and Allied Ma

5、nufacturers Health and Safety Executive Association (BEAMA) Institution of Gas Engineers British Gas Corporation Institution of Mechanical Engineers British Gear Manufacturers Association Institution of Plant Engineers British Internal Combustion Engine Institution of Production Engineers Manufactur

6、ers Association Lloyds Register of Shipping* British Pump Manufacturers Association London Transport Executive British Steel Corporation Machine Tool Trades Association British Steel Industry Ministry of Defence British Valve Manufacturers Association National Coal Board Chartered Institution of Bui

7、lding Services Process Plant Association Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Railway Industry Association of Great Britain Administrations Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Department of Industry (Mechanical Limited Engineering) Telecommunication Engineering and Department of Industry

8、(National Manufacturing Association (TEMA) Engineering Laboratory)* Water-tube Boilermakers Association The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Instit

9、ution of Civil Engineers North of Scotland Hydro-electric Board Institution of Electrical Engineers Power Generation Association (BEAMA) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS5671:1979 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover National fo

10、reword ii Chapter I. General 1 Scope and object 1 2 Terms and definitions 1 3 Data on operating conditions 2 Chapter II. Commissioning 4 General 3 5 Test co-ordinator 3 6 Pre-start tests 3 7 Initial run 4 8 Test runs 4 Chapter III. Operation 9 General 6 10 Test service period 6 11 Commercial service

11、 7 Chapter IV. Maintenance 12 General 8 13 Basis for maintenance activities 8 14 Restoration to optimum condition 9 15 Re-starting 9 Appendix Measurements 10 Figure 1 Measurements during erection horizontal unit 11 Figure 2 Measurements during erection vertical unit 12 Figure 3 Application to a reac

12、tion turbine 13BS5671:1979 ii BSI 10-1999 National foreword This British Standard was prepared under the direction of the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee and is identical with IEC Publication545:1976 “Guide for commissioning, operation and maintenance of hydraulic turbines”. Terminology a

13、nd conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication, without deviation, as a BritishStandard. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is especially drawn to the following. The comma ha

14、s been used as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker. Wherever page numbers are quoted in connection with references to figures in this publication they are IEC page numbers (shown in brackets at the foot of each page)

15、. Cross-references. At present there are no corresponding British Standards for the International Standards referred to. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance wit

16、h a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 14 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated.

17、This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5671:1979 BSI 10-1999 1 Chapter I. General 1 Scope and object The purpose of this guide is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures for commissioning hydraulic turbines and associated equipment, and to indicate how

18、such turbines and equipment should be operated and maintained. It is understood that a publication of this type will be binding only if, and to the extent that, both contracting parties have agreed upon it. The guide excludes matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably bound up

19、with the conduct of commissioning, operation and maintenance. The guide applies to impulse and reaction turbines of all types, and especially to large turbines directly coupled to electric generators. It applies also to pump-turbines when operating as turbines. The guide is not concerned with water

20、conduits, gates, valves, drainage pumps, cooling-water equipment, generators, etc., except where they cannot be separated from the turbine and its equipment. Wherever the guide specifies that documents, drawings or information shall be supplied by a manufacturer (or by manufacturers), each individua

21、l manufacturer shall be required to furnish the appropriate information for his own supply only. 2 Terms and definitions 2.1 commissioning testing of new equipment to check its conformity with contractual specifications, as well as operation of the equipment until formally accepted by the purchaser

22、2.2 operation utilization of the equipment to produce energy, or a state of readiness for such production 2.3 maintenance activity on the equipment directed to its conservation in a state of optimum operating condition 2.4 pre-start tests test between completion of erection of the equipment and init

23、ial run 2.5 initial run first movement of rotating parts after erection 2.6 test run operation to obtain one set of data for a specific test 2.7 test operation utilization of the equipment for testing purposes 2.8 test operation period test period following initial run and followed by test service.

24、It includes no-load runs for checking power plant equipment, as well as load runs and load rejection tests 2.9 test service operation of the equipment for an agreed period, during which the manufacturer is generally responsible for the way in which it is operated 2.10 commercial service operation of

25、 the equipment, under the purchasers responsibility, to produce energy, or a state of readiness for such operation 2.11 commercial service period period starting after acceptance and including service periods, as well as periods when the equipment may be out of operation for maintenance, inspection,

26、 repairs, etc. 2.12 guarantee period time, extending through an agreed part of the commercial service period, during which the manufacturer has commercial obligations to correct defects in his equipment in order to bring it into conformity with the contract. For this purpose, tests in accordance wit

27、h the appropriate parts of Sub-clause11.1.4, shall be performed 2.13 inspection check on the condition of equipment 2.14 maintenance inspection inspection at regular intervals, often combined with incidental repairs 2.15 repair restoration after wear or damageBS5671:1979 2 BSI 10-1999 2.16 modificat

28、ion change intended to improve performance 2.17 overhaul complete inspection with necessary repairs and/or modifications intended to bring the unit or part of it to, or nearly to, the optimum functioning condition 3 Data on operating conditions 3.1 A fundamental requirement for proper operation and

29、maintenance is a satisfactory knowledge of the turbine and its accessories by the purchasers personnel. The manufacturer (manufacturers) shall deliver to the purchasers responsible representatives all necessary documents, instructions and information. They shall include: general drawings and data; m

30、aterial lists, descriptions and test certificates for main parts; function diagrams; instructions for operation, inspection and maintenance of his supply and tables of measurements as given in the Appendix; assembly and dismantling instructions and/or exploded view of the parts; safety instructions;

31、 list of original spare parts, as stated in the contract. These documents, even in a preliminary form, shall be given to the purchasers representatives as soon as required and, in any case, before the initial run. 3.2 The documents submitted by the manufacturer (manufacturers) shall include the foll

32、owing data, some of which may be amended according to experience gathered during commissioning. 1) Diagram (such as a hill diagram) relating heads, tailwater elevations, flow and output, wicket-gate openings and operating limits; also, where applicable, runner blade or deflector position. 2) Stateme

33、nt of similitude of model and prototype, according to IEC Publication193, International Code for Model Acceptance Tests of Hydraulic Turbines, if appropriate; 3) Information on turbine inlet and outlet gates, valves and pressure relief valves. 4) Wicket-gate opening (or needle opening of impulse tur

34、bines) for no-load, starting and cavitation limits, as functions of head and tailwater levels also, where appropriate, runner blade or deflector position. 5) Turbine governor and servomotor characteristics. 6) Adjustment of overspeed protection device. 7) Characteristics of the fluids for the govern

35、ing system. Filter specifications and information on purification frequency and method. 8) Maximum steady-state runaway speed and maximum momentary speed and pressure variations at various operating heads. 9) Minimum continuous operating speed for initial run (depending on design of thrust bearing a

36、nd other bearings). 10) Description of lubrication systems, stating amount and characteristics of lubricants and frequency of replacement. 11) If applicable, data on jacking system for rotating parts and maximum time after shut-down before re-start without operating the jacking system. 12) Speed lim

37、its below which operation of the thrust beating oil injection system is necessary. 13) If applicable, maximum and minimum speeds for brake operation. 14) Intermediate oil levels and pressures at which pumps and compressors should be started or alarms given; also data for automatic signalling and eme

38、rgency devices. 15) Maximum and minimum temperatures in bearings, seals and in the oil or fluid pressure circuits (alarm and shut-down values). 16) Maximum and minimum pressures, flows and levels in oil or fluid pressure systems and bearings, according to control system (alarm and shut-down values).

39、 17) Maximum and minimum pressures and flows in coolers (alarm and shut-down values). 18) Maximum water levels in drainage pits (alarm and shut-down values). 19) Data on electric motors, pumps and other accessories. 20) Safety instructions for test and operating staff. 21) Other data of importance w

40、hich are considered necessary by either purchaser or manufacturer for safe operation of the equipment or for instruction of personnel.BS5671:1979 BSI 10-1999 3 3.3 The manufacturer(s) shall give appropriate instructions to the purchasers staff and provide the information stated in Sub-clause3.2 on o

41、perating the equipment during the final stage of erection, initial run, test runs and test service period, particularly for all items not previously used by the purchaser. During the final stage of erection, the start, the test runs and test service, the purchaser shall make his staff available to t

42、he manufacturer for instruction and training in order that they may be capable of operating properly the turbine and associated equipment. 3.4 During the guarantee period, the equipment shall not be operated outside the limits stated in the contract without agreement with the manufacturer. Chapter I

43、I. Commissioning 4 General 4.1 Commissioning occurs after first erection of a new unit. Similar procedures may also be utilized with or without formal acceptance after repair or overhaul. 4.2 The operating requirements given in Clause3 shall be complied with during commissioning. If the operating co

44、nditions of the power station prevent commissioning within these requirements, the purchaser and manufacturer shall agree on the commissioning procedure. 4.3 For correct interpretation and determination of the causes of any unexpected phenomena, it will be advantageous to make simultaneous recording

45、s of significant parameters on a recording instrument. Each recording shall mention the time and date. 4.4 It is the purchasers responsibility to obtain from all the authorities concerned, agreements on specified conditions (flow, grid, etc.) for test operation. 5 Test co-ordinator A test co-ordinat

46、or shall be chosen by the purchaser, the main contractors and the manufacturers. He is in charge o drawing up the programme of commissioning. His programme shall be checked and approved by the purchaser, the main manufacturers and contractors before and during the tests if changes appear to be neces

47、sary. He shall conduct the tests and check the results. The test co-ordinator is responsible for the execution of all tests up to the beginning of the test service period. Operating and commissioning personnel shall report to the co-ordinator on all operations performed on the equipment. 6 Pre-start

48、 tests 6.1 Prior to filling waterways Before the turbine casing is filled with water, the generator, as well as auxiliary and stand-by equipment, shall be checked. At least the following items shall be checked and results recorded by the test co-ordinator. 1) Inspection of all the turbine waterways

49、and removal of all foreign or loose objects (these might cause damage). If required, the measuring sections and pressure taps for future turbine acceptance tests shall be checked and confirmed as satisfactory and dimensions recorded as appropriate. 2) Calibration of scales for wicket-gate openings and, where applicable, for runner blades, needles and deflectors, including their cam relationships; also measurement of clearances. 3) Operation of pressure oil units, hydraulic shut-off valves, pressure relief valves, governors, automatic and manual