BS 5672-1991 Specification for designation of the direction of rotation and of cylinders and valves in cylinder heads and definition of right-hand and left-hand in-line engines and.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS5672:1991 ISO1204:1990 Specification for Designation of the direction of rotation and of cylinders and valves in cylinder heads, and definition of right-hand and left-hand in-line engines and locations on an engine for reciprocating internal combustion enginesBS 5672:1991 This Bri

2、tishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 31May1991 BSI12-1999 First published January1979 Second edition May1991 The following BSI references relat

3、e to the work on this standard: Committee referenceMCE/14 Draft for comment89/75585DC ISBN 0 580 19638 0 Committees responsible for this BritishStandard The preparation of this BritishStandard was entrusted by the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee (MCE/-) to Technical Committee MCE

4、/14, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers British Railways Board Ministry of Defence Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Assoc

5、iation of British Generating Set Manufacturers BEAMA Ltd. Health and Safety Executive Marine Engine and Equipment Manufacturers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 5672:1991 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword i

6、i 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions of locations on an engine 1 3 Direction of rotation 2 4 Position of the observer 2 5 Designation of direction of rotation 3 6 Designation of the cylinders 3 7 Designation of the valves 6 8 Definition of right-hand and left-hand in-line engines 8 Figure 1 Locations on an eng

7、ine 1 Figure 2 Direction of rotation 2 Figure 3 Position of the observer 2 Figure 4 Position of observer for in-line engine 2 Figure 5 Position of observer for V-engines 3 Figure 6 Examples of the designation of cylinders of in-line engines 4 Figure 7 Typical multibank engine 4 Figure 8 Examples of

8、the designation of cylinders of engines with morethanone bank 5 Figure 9 Vertical crankshaft X-engine 6 Figure 10 Inlet valves near to observer, exhaust valves away from observer 6 Figure 11 Inlet valves at right, exhaust valves at left of observer 6 Figure 12 Examples of the application of the valv

9、e designation method 8 Figure 13 In-line engines with vertical cylinders 9 Figure 14 In-line engines with cylinders other than vertical 10 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS 5672:1991 ii BSI 12-1999 National foreword This BritishStandard has been prepared under the direction of the Machi

10、nery and Components Standards Policy Committee and is identical with ISO1204:1990 “Reciprocating internal combustion engines Designation of the direction of rotation and of cylinders and valves in cylinder heads, and definition of right-hand and left-hand in-line engines and locations on an engine”,

11、 published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This revision of BS5672 supersedes BS5672:1979, which is withdrawn. This revision also incorporates the content of BS5673:1979, BS5674:1979 and BS5675:1979, each of which is withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to incl

12、ude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages

13、i andii, pages1 to10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS 5672:1991 BSI 12-1999 1 1 Scope This InternationalStandard specifies m

14、ethods of designating the direction of rotation and the cylinders of reciprocating internal combustion engines and of designating a specific valve in a cylinder head when the cylinder head is mounted on the engine or dismantled. It defines right-hand and left-hand in-line reciprocating internal comb

15、ustion engines and locations on a reciprocating internal combustion engine so that the position of equipment on the engine can be described. It applies to reciprocating internal combustion engines for land, rail-traction and marine use, excluding engines used to propel agricultural tractors, road ve

16、hicles and aircraft. It may by applied to engines used to propel road-construction and earth-moving machines, industrial trucks and for other applications where no suitable InternationalStandard for these engines exists. 2 Definitions of locations on an engine For the purposes of this InternationalS

17、tandard, the following definitions apply (seeFigure 1). NOTE 1For the position of the observer, seeclause4. 2.1 driving end the portion of the engine which is substantially nearest to the observer 2.2 free end the portion of the engine which is substantially most remote from the observer 2.3 left si

18、de the portion of the engine which is substantially on the left of the engine as viewed by the observer 2.4 right side the position of the engine which is substantially on the right of the engine as viewed by the observer 2.5 top the portion of the engine which is substantially at the top of the eng

19、ine as viewed by the observer 2.6 bottom the portion of the engine which is substantially at the bottom of the engine as viewed by the observer NOTE 2In the case of an engine with a vertical driving shaft, it is not possible to determine the left side, right side, top and bottom. The definition of d

20、riving end only may be used and other locations must be described by the manufacturer by reference to easily identifiable components. 2.7 operating side the portion of the engine where the engine is started, controlled during the operation and stopped 2.8 exhaust side the portion of the engine where

21、 the exhaust manifold is located Figure 1 Locations on an engineBS5672:1991 2 BSI 12-1999 3 Direction of rotation The direction of rotation is illustrated in Figure 2. NOTE 3The direction of rotation of a reciprocating internal combustion engine is the direction of rotation of the shaft which provid

22、es the engine driving shaft extremity, as viewed from the position of the observer defined in4.1.1. 4 Position of the observer 4.1 Designation of direction of rotation and of cylinders The position and direction of view of the observer when designating the direction of rotation and the cylinders, an

23、d when defining in-line engines as right-hand or left-hand and the locations on an engine shall be as given in4.1.1 to4.1.3. 4.1.1 The position of the observer in relation to an engine is considered to be a extension of the axis of the shaft which provides the driving extremity, the observer directi

24、ng his view towards this shaft extremity along the arrowV (seeFigure 3). This position applies equally to an engine with an integral (built-in) reversing gear with or without speed variation, and to an engine with an integral (built-in) gear with or without speed variation. The position of the obser

25、ver shall be determined relative to the visible driving shaft extremity. 4.1.2 The position of the observer relative to an engine with more than one bank of cylinders shall, in accordance with4.1.1, be determined relative to the main shaft through which (inside the engine) the total power of all cyl

26、inders is transmitted. 4.1.3 If the engine has more than one driving shaft extremity, the manufacturer shall state which shaft extremity is referred to when designating the direction of rotation and the cylinders, and when defining in-line engines as right-hand or left-hand and the locations on an e

27、ngine. 4.2 Designation of valves in cylinder heads The position and direction of view of the observer when designating the valves in cylinder heads shall be as given in4.2.1 to4.2.3. 4.2.1 For in-line engines, the position of the observer is considered to be to the side of the cylinder bank opposite

28、 to the side on which the exhaust manifold is located, the observer directing his view towards the valves of one cylinder (seeFigure 4). 4.2.2 For V-, twin-bank and opposed-cylinder engines, the position of the observer is considered to be to that side of any one cylinder bank opposite to the side o

29、n which the exhaust manifold is located, the observer directing his view towards the valves of one cylinder in the cylinder bank nearest to him (seeFigure 5). Figure 2 Direction of rotation Figure 3 Position of the observer 1)See clause7 for the designation of valves Figure 4 Position of observer fo

30、r in-line engineBS 5672:1991 BSI 12-1999 3 4.2.3 Engines with a vertical crankshaft, inclined engines and horizontal engines shall be given an imaginary rotation until the crankshaft is horizontal and the engine in a vertical position with the cylinders above the shaft which provides the driving ext

31、remity. On opposed-cylinder engines, after rotation into an imaginary vertical position to bring the crankshaft horizontal, the observer is considered as directing his view towards the cylinders above the crankshaft when standing facing the bottom side of the engine. 5 Designation of direction of ro

32、tation 5.1 The direction of rotation shall be designated as clockwise or counter-clockwise (seeFigure 2) from the position described in clause4 for a hypothetical observer giving the description. 5.2 If the engine can rotate in either direction, the manufacturer shall state the preferred direction,

33、if any. 6 Designation of the cylinders It is assumed that in all the mechanisms described below, the cylinders are of identical design. Each individual cylinder of a reciprocating engine shall be designated by a number (numbering consecutively1,2,3,etc.) or by a combination of a capital letter (lett

34、ering consecutivelyA,B,C,etc.) and a number. 6.1 In-line engines Each individual cylinder of an in-line (single bank) engine shall be designated by numbers only, starting with number1 for the cylinder nearest the observer (seeclause4), then number2 for the next cylinder,etc. seeFigure 6a), Figure 6b

35、) and Figure 6c). The cylinder of a single-cylinder engine shall be designated by the number1. 6.2 Engines with more than one bank 6.2.1 Individual cylinders of an engine with more than one bank (seeFigure 7) shall be designated by combinations of a capital letter and a number, for exampleA1,B6,D6.

36、The letters shall be allocated by taking an imaginary semi-planeP centred upon the axis of the driving crankshaft. (This crankshaft is assumed to be in a horizontal position.) The semi-planeP is imagined to be rotating in a clockwise direction. The starting position of this semi-plane shall be horiz

37、ontal and to the left (i.e.in the9oclock position) of the observer (seeclause4). The first bank through which this clockwise-rotating semi-plane moves, including a bank at the starting position, shall be designated by the capital letterA, the following bank by the capital letterB,etc. seeFigure 8a)

38、to Figure 8h). 1)See clause7 for the designation of valves Figure 5 Position of observer for V-enginesBS5672:1991 4 BSI 12-1999 6.2.2 Each individual cylinder shall be designated by a combination of a capital letter (as determined in6.2.1) followed by a number (as determined in6.1 for in-line engine

39、s). A single-row engine shall be designatedA1,B1,C1,etc. seeFigure 8d). 6.2.3 For multi-crankshaft engines with more than one bank, the axis of rotation of the semi-plane shall be the central line between all the crankshafts, i.e.the line that coincides with the line of the arrowV seeFigure 8e) to F

40、igure 8h). Figure 6 Examples of the designation of cylinders of in-line engines Figure 7 Typical multibank engineBS 5672:1991 BSI 12-1999 5 Figure 8 Examples of the designation of cylinders of engines with more than one bankBS5672:1991 6 BSI 12-1999 6.2.4 In the case of an engine with a vertical cra

41、nkshaft, it is not possible to determine the9oclock position of the rotating semi-plane. The clockwise lettering of the banks of this type of engine shall start from the position of any readily identifiable component chosen by the manufacturer, for example the fuel control. The cylinder numbers shal

42、l be determined as described in6.1 for in-line engines (seeFigure 9). 7 Designation of the valves According to the position and direction of view of the observer, the valves are designated1,2 or3, exhaust or inlet valve, depending on the design arrangement and counting from left to right or from fro

43、nt to back (seeFigure 4 and Figure 5). Individual cylinder heads or, if required, cylinder banks shall be designated in accordance with clause6. NOTE 4The method covers engines with poppet valves and with no more than two cylinder banks. NOTE 5If required, the following abbreviations may be used and

44、 each valve may be marked accordingly (seeFigure 10 and Figure 11): X: exhaust I: inlet NOTE 6If required, a mark may be placed on each cylinder head to show the observers direction of view and to indicate the exhaust side. For example, this could be an arrow pointing in the observerss direction of

45、view, placed at the side of the cylinder head where the exhaust valves are located. It is recommended that the mark be on that face of the cylinder head which carries the mechanism operating the valves (seeFigure 10 and Figure 11). Examples of the designation of valves are shown in Figure 12. Figure

46、 9 Vertical crankshaft X-engine Figure 10 Inlet valves near to observer, exhaust valves away from observer (example for valves side-by-side, exhaust manifold inside V-engine) Figure 11 Inlet valves at right, exhaust valves at left of observer (example for valves in row, exhaust manifold inside V-eng

47、ine)BS 5672:1991 BSI 12-1999 7BS5672:1991 8 BSI 12-1999 8 Definition of right-hand and left-hand in-line engines The location of the exhaust pipes is the deciding factor in defining right-hand and left-hand in-line engines. NOTE 7The exhaust pipes are used as the datum for this designation only when

48、 there is one single set of exhaust pipes, the centreline of which does not lie in the plane which contains the cylinder centres. (The figures show one exhaust pipe only.) NOTE 8The definition of right-hand and left-hand in-line engines is determined in relation to the position of an observer, and o

49、nly applies where the exhaust pipes are on one side of the engine. 8.1 In-line engines with vertical cylinders located above the shaft which provides the driving extremity 8.1.1 Right-hand in-line engine A right-hand in-line engine is any engine with the exhaust pipes located to the right of the plane which contains the cylinder centres, as viewed from the observers position described in4.1.1 seeFigure 13a) and Figure 13c). 8.1.2 Left-hand in-line engine A left-hand in-line engine is an engine with the exh