1、BRITISH STANDARD BS585-2:1985 Wood stairs Part 2: Specification for performance requirements for domestic stairs constructed of wood-based materials UDC 692.622.2:692.625.1:691.11:674.11BS585-2:1985 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Timber StandardsCommittee, wasp
2、ublished under the authorityofthe Board of BSIandcomes into effect on 31January1985 BSI 06-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TIB/25 Draft for comment82/12649 DC ISBN 0 580 14298 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparatio
3、n of this British Standard was entrusted by the Timber Standards Committee (TIB/-) to Technical Committee TIB/25, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Woodworking Federation Builders Merchants Federation Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment Princes Risb
4、orough Laboratory) Department of the Environment (Housing and Construction Industries) Fibre Building Board Organization (FIDOR) Institute of Carpenters Joinery Managers Association Ltd. London Housing Consortium Royal Institute of British Architects Scottish Development Department Timber Research a
5、nd Development Association Timber Trade Federation Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS585-2:1985 BSI 06-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 2 3 Sizes 2 4 Materials 2 5 Workmanship 2 6 Pe
6、rformance requirements 2 Appendix A Test rig 4 Appendix B Test methods 5 Appendix C Requirements for blockboard and laminboard 8 Appendix D Recommended test method for vibration 8 Figure 1 Balustrade impact test 7 Table 1 Materials for stairs 2 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS585-2:1985
7、ii BSI 06-1999 Foreword This British Standard, which has been prepared under the direction of the Timber Standards Committee, is a revision ofBS585:1972in two Parts. BS585-1is a prescriptive specification applicable only to timber stairs, which may include plywood risers and/or edge-to-edge jointed
8、timber and/or glue-laminated wood components. This Part is a performance specification for stairs which may use the newer wood-based materials and/or non-traditional methods of construction or fixing of members. Since there is no satisfactory accelerated ageing test to assess durability of wood-base
9、d materials, the scope of the standard has been restricted to materials complying with British Standards. This has made it possible to reduce the number of performance criteria and associated test methods. The proper functioning and durability of a stair complying with this standard depend on care i
10、n handling during transportation to, and on site, as well as careful site storage, correct installation and temporary protection, and subsequent proper maintenance. Some general advice is given in BS5395-1. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Us
11、ers of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1to8, an inside back cover and a bac
12、k cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS585-2:1985 BSI 06-1999 1 0 Introduction 0.1 General To perform satisfactorily in use, a stair and its component parts have
13、to attain a specific level of performance for each of a number of relevant attributes. The main attributes to be considered are strength, deflection and vibration under dynamic load. Other attributes, such as slip resistance, wear resistance and resistance to wetting may be important, depending on t
14、he materials used in the stair construction or the particular end use. Performance requirements and acceptance levels are given for complete staircases and separately for balustrades, treads, nosings and risers. The acceptance levels relate to the test methods given in Appendix B which allow for var
15、ious forms of support for the stair strings simulating the fixing to be used in practice, i.e.top and bottom support only or an additional intermediate support for one string. In drawing up performance requirements for this Part ofBS585, acceptance levels have been based largely upon tests on domest
16、ic wood stairs known to be satisfactory in use. Consideration has also be given to mandatory requirements contained in building regulations, and the recommendations in BS5395-1and BS6399-1. 0.2 Stairs Tests for complete stairs (see clause6) are based on the application of concentrated loads, which a
17、re considered to be a more realistic representation of actual loading than the equivalent uniformly distributed loads. Information on user reaction to dynamic movement of stairs is limited. There is evidence of a relation between dynamic movement of stairs and their deflection under static load. To
18、enable further data to be obtained, a suitable test method has been given in Appendix D. A stair should be strong enough to carry normal loading with an acceptable margin of safety, and without excessive deflection that would impair its efficiency or the performance of adjacent components. Movements
19、 under dynamic load should not affect user comfort or safety. The stair should maintain these performance levels during its expected life. Stairs do not have to sustain loads over long periods of time. However, since certain materials are subject to creep, the inclusion of a24h load test in a future
20、 edition of the standard is under consideration. 0.3 Balustrades Balustrades act as a barrier to prevent accidents due to stumbling and falling. Their handrails are intended to assist in ascending or descending stairs or to act as a grab rail in case of falling by providing a firm handgrip which als
21、o provides a feeling of security. Thus it is essential to consider balustrades as structural elements designed to meet the appropriate strength requirements(see BS6180). The tests on balustrades described in Appendix B are intended to simulate a static loading condition and an impact loading conditi
22、on. 0.4 Treads and nosings Stair treads should be capable of carrying the concentrated static and impact loads that occur in use with safety and without excessive deflection that would cause a feeling of insecurity to users. Nosings of treads should be capable of carrying the impact loads they recei
23、ve in normal use without sustaining damage. This aspect of performance is particularly important where a tread material is known to be unsuitable for nosings and it is intended to superimpose a nosing of a higher performance material. The performance requirements for treads and nosings given in6.4 a
24、nd6.5 are based on those given for chipboard in BS5669. 0.5 Risers Risers should be capable of resisting the loads they receive in use. The main type of loading to be considered is the impact loads that can arise from the toes of shoes when a person goes up the stair. 1 Scope This Part of BS585speci
25、fies performance requirements for domestic stairs constructed from certain wood-based materials (see clause4). Itapplies to straight flight stairs and stairs with quarter and half landings, intended primarily for use inside one-family dwellings, but excludes stairs having flights with winder treads.
26、 NOTE 1For guidance on design of stairs with straight flights, see BS5395-1. NOTE 2Appendix D describes a recommended test method for vibration of stairs. Reference may be made to BRE Digest278 “Vibrations, buildings and human response” 1) . NOTE 3The titles of the publications referred to in this s
27、tandard are listed on the inside back cover. 1) Obtainable from Her Majestys Stationery Office (HMSO),49 High Holborn, London WC1.BS585-2:1985 2 BSI 06-1999 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS585, the definitions given in BS585-1, BS5395-1, BS5578-1 and BS6100-4apply. 3 Sizes Sizes of
28、stairs shall follow the recommendations in BS5395-1, provided that the overall width of a flight including strings does not exceed1 220mm and the total going of any one flight does not exceed3 800mm. 4 Materials 4.1 Stair components Materials for stair components shall comply with Table 1. 4.2 Adhes
29、ives Adhesives used for assembly of stairs shall be: a) synthetic resin gap-filling adhesives (phenolicand aminoplastic) complying with the requirements for type BR or type MR of BS1204-1; or b) one part polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesives complying with BS4071; or c) two part polyvinyl acetate emu
30、lsion adhesives in accordance with the recommendations ofDD74. 5 Workmanship The quality of workmanship shall comply with BS1186-2. NOTE 1The requirements in this clause apply to wood stairs for painting. When stairs are required with non-opaque finishes, reference should be made to the manufacturer
31、. NOTE 2Care should be taken in the handling of stairs, or stair components, before, during and after delivery to site. The site stacking area should be level, clean, and ventilated under cover and the components stacked so as to avoid bowing, twisting or buckling. After fixing, the stair should be
32、protected from damage until all other work has been completed and the final decoration applied. 6 Performance requirements 6.1 General 6.1.1 Type tests for the requirements specified in6.2 to6.6 shall be carried out to prove the design of whole stairs or flights and individual components. NOTEOther
33、considerations, such as slip resistance (see12.3.7 of BS5395-1:1977), wear resistance and the effect of wetting on treads and nosings, may be important in certain circumstances. The appropriate performance levels should be agreed between the specifier and the manufacturer. For straight flight stairs
34、, a whole stair shall be tested. For stairs with quarter or half landings, the longest complete flight shall be tested. 6.1.2 A pre-load test shall be carried out to establish a datum for deflection measurements (seeB.1). Thesubsequent tests shall follow the numerical order given in Appendix B. 6.1.
35、3 Test reports shall state the materials used in the construction of the stair, flight or element under test and the method of support used during the test (see Appendix A). 6.2 Stairs When the stair is tested as described inB.2, the deflection of the mid-point of the appropriate string(s) at right
36、angles to the string under design load shall not exceed0.002 the total rise. When the stair is tested as described inB.7, there shall be no visible signs of damage, pression creases, cracking, to any part of the stair. Table 1 Materials for stairs 6.3 Balustrades When tested as described in B.4, a b
37、alustrade, including the handrail, shall not show any damage, pression creases, cracking, after the period of15min at maximum load. When the balustrade is tested as described inB.5, the balustrade or handrail shall remain serviceable after three impacts. 6.4 Treads When the tread is tested as descri
38、bed inB.3, the deflection relative to the strings of the tread at mid-span shall not exceed0.004times the tread width measured inside the strings, and the residual deflection after unloading shall not exceed20% of the maximum deflection. Material Reference Grade Blockboard Appendix B Chipboard BS566
39、9 Types II/III and III Glue-laminated components BS1186-2 a Hardboard BS1142-2 Type TE Laminboard Appendix B Medium density fibreboard BS1142-2 Plywood BS6566-1 toBS 6566-8 Timber BS1186-1 Class3 or class2 for handrails more than2m long a Under revision.BS585-2:1985 BSI 06-1999 3 When the tread is t
40、ested as described inB.6, failure of the tread shall not occur at a height of drop of the loading rod of less than525mm. When the stair is tested as described inB.7, no visible damage of the tread, plete fracture, puncture, shall occur nor shall the tread be deformed6mm or more from its original pos
41、ition. 6.5 Nosings When the nosing is tested as described inB.8, the nosing material shall not fail at a height of drop of the loading rod of less than525mm and, for nosings planted on to treads, there shall be no separation of the joint between nosing and tread. 6.6 Risers When the riser or other i
42、nfill 2)between treads is tested as described inB.9, there shall be no failure of the riser material or separation of the riser from its fixing to treads, nor shall the riser deform by6mm or more from its original position. 2) Material inserted to reduce the gap to100mm or less.BS585-2:1985 4 BSI 06
43、-1999 Appendix ATest rig The test rig shall consist of a wall or a steel framework in accordance with the strength and deflection requirements of BS449or timber framework in accordance with the strength and deflection requirements of BS5268-2, on which the top and foot of the stair or flight can be
44、located and which can provide additional support for one or both strings where required, together with lateral support for newels to simulate installation conditions. The stair or flight shall be simply supported at the top and foot, the top butting against the framework or wall and the foot resting
45、 on the ground against a timber batten which locates and maintains the position of the stair. The stair shall be tested either with no additional support to the strings or with additional fixing of one or both strings to simulate the fixing to be used in practice. Lateral restraint of newels shall b
46、e provided to simulate the support to be provided in practice. Where it is intended to provide a balustrade for the stair in service, this shall be fixed to the stair or flight under test, using the same method of fixing as that to be used in production.BS 585-2:1985 BSI 06-1999 5 Appendix BTest met
47、hods 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ref. no. Description of test Reason for test Position in rig Test load(s) Test procedure B.1 Pre-load To establish a datum for subsequent deflection measurements See Appendix A 2 0.785=1.57kN Apply a pre-load of0.785kN to each of the centre two treads to seat the stair firmly in pos
48、ition in the test rig, the loads being placed on the centre line of the tread. Maintain this load for30min. Record the deflection of the stair15min after removing the preload and use as the datum for all subsequent deflection measurements. B.2 Deflection To establish the stiffness of the stair See A
49、ppendix A Either2.5kN applied on up to three centre treads or 0.94gd kN, whichever is the greater, where g is the total going of all treads in the stair (in m); d is the distance between strings (inm). Immediately following the pre-load test(seeB.1), load the stair in increments of approximately0.5kN by applying weights (orby other means) to the centre tread, or two or three centre treads where the load cannot be accommodated on one tread only. Measure the deflection of both strings (or the outer string only, where the wall string is
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