BS 5908-1-2012 Fire and explosion precautions at premises handling flammable gases liquids and dusts Code of practice for precautions against fire and explosion in chemical plants .pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 5908-1:2012Fire and explosionprecautions at premiseshandling flammable gases,liquids and dusts Part 1: Code of practice forprecautions against fire andexplosion in chemical pl

2、ants,chemical storage and similarpremisesPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 77876 6ICS 13.220.20; 71.020The fol

3、lowing BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference EXL/23Draft for comment 12/30258579 DCPublication historyFirst published as BS 5908 May 1980Second edition May 1990First published as BS 5908-1 December 2012Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 5908-1:20

4、12 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3Section 1: Fire risk assessments 54 Fire risk assessment and fire precautions 5Section 2: Site layout and design 75 Selection of site and layout 76 Access for firefighting 87 Water supplie

5、s 88 Drainage and pollution control 99 Prevention of escalation 10Section 3: Buildings and structures 1110 Fire resistance 1111 Compartmentation 1112 Fire detection and fire alarm systems 1213 Open air and unenclosed plant 1314 Materials of construction 1415 Ventilation 1516 Means of escape 1517 Lig

6、hting 1618 Space heating 16Section 4: Precautions against ignition followed by an explosion 1819 General 1820 Prevention of bursting of a pressure vessel caused by excess internalpressure 1821 Prevention of bursting of process equipment caused by a chemicalreaction 1822 Prevention of ignition of a m

7、ixture of air and gas or vapour inside processequipment or a storage vessel 1823 Prevention of ignition of a cloud of dust suspended in air inside processequipment or a storage vessel 1924 Prevention of ignition of a mixture of air and gas/vapour released from aprocess into a building 1925 Preventio

8、n of ignition of a cloud of dust raised into suspension within abuilding, following some initiating primary explosion 2026 Prevention of ignition of a mixture of air and gas/vapour into a partiallyconfined (congested) area of a process plant 2027 Prevention of ignition of a mixture of air and gas in

9、 the open air 2028 Prevention of bursting of a pressure vessel holding flammable liquids orliquefied gases, followed by sudden ignition of the released material 20Section 5: Storage and movement of chemicals 2129 General 2130 Storage of chemicals 2130.1 Packaged goods external: separation distances

10、2130.2 Bulk liquids tanks for flammable liquids 2230.3 Tanks for LPG and similar 2530.4 High-pressure gases, cylinders or larger static containers 2530.5 Storage of powdered products in bulk 2530.6 Underground storage 2730.7 Storage in buildings: flammable liquids 2730.8 Chemical warehousing 2831 De

11、livery by road and rail 3131.1 Tankers 31BRITISH STANDARD BS 5908-1:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 i31.2 Rail 33Section 6: Design of process plant 3532 Design of process plant to control ignition hazards 3533 Process vessels 3634 Pumps and heat transfer systems 3734.1 Hydraulic oil syst

12、ems 3734.2 Heat-transfer systems 3735 Compressors 3736 Fired heaters 3937 Ovens and driers 4038 Dust-handling process plant 4039 Instrumentation 41Section 7: Operation of process plant 4340 Human factors 4341 Emergency procedures 44Section 8: Maintenance of process plant 4642 Maintenance 4642.1 Gene

13、ral 4642.2 Plant isolation 4742.3 Gas-free testing 4742.4 Permits to work 4743 Hot work 48Section 9: Fire prevention 4944 General fire prevention 4945 Hazardous area classification study 4945.1 Gases and vapours 4945.2 Dusts 5045.3 Equipment selection 5046 Static electricity 51Section 10: Works fire

14、 brigades and fixed fire protection 5247 Works fire brigades 5248 Fixed fire protection 52AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Classification of chemicals 54Annex B (informative) Ignition sources 56Annex C (informative) Hazards from smoke 59Annex D (informative) Approaches to hazardous area classification 5

15、9Bibliography 61List of tablesTable A.1 Categories for flammable liquids 54Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 66, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 5908-1:2012ii The British Standards Institution 2012ForewordP

16、ublishing informationThis part of BS 5908 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 December 2012. Itwas prepared by Technical Committee EXL/23, Explosion and fire precautions inindustrial and chemical plant. A list of orga

17、nizations represented on thiscommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.SupersessionBS 5908-1:2012 supersedes BS 5908:1990, Code of practice for fire precautions inthe chemical and allied industries, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other documentsThis part of BS 5908 is intended to b

18、e used with BS 5908-2, which gives guidanceon the legislation and standards applicable to onshore industrial premises thathandle significant quantities of flammable gases, liquids or dusts.Presentational conventionsAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommenda

19、tions. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.C

20、ontractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARD BS 5908-1:2012 The British Sta

21、ndards Institution 2012 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 5908-1:2012This page deliberately left blankiv The British Standards Institution 20121 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations and guidance for the control of fireand explosion risks on sites at which chemicals are stored or processed insignific

22、ant quantities.NOTE 1 These precautions may extend well beyond those required under the firesafety legislation applicable to places of work, because of the wider range of risks.Additional legal requirements arise largely from the Dangerous Substances andExplosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 1, 2

23、, and the Health and Safety atWork legislation 3, 4.NOTE 2 Annex A gives guidance on the classification of chemicals, while Annex Bdiscusses ignition sources and Annex C covers hazards from smoke. Annex D givesguidance on the approaches to hazardous area classification.The precautions recommended by

24、 this British Standard also address risks on andoff site, within and external to buildings, that arise from the release of toxicmaterials, ejection of chemical containers from a fire, flowing fires where liquidproducts are handled, and special firefighting techniques.The recommendations of his code

25、of practice cover location, plant layout anddesign, separation distances, particular types of plant and facility with specialfire hazards and other issues. Particular precautions might be relevant topreserving life safety or the health of persons on or off site; to propertyprotection; and to protect

26、ion of the environment.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.BS 799-5

27、, Oil burning equipmentBS 5908-2, Fire and explosion precautions at premises handling flammable gases,liquids and dusts Part 2: Guide to applicable standards and regulationsBS 9999:2008, Code of practice for fire safety in the design, management anduse of buildingsBS EN 54-2, Fire detection and fire

28、 alarm systems Part 2: Control and indicatingequipmentBS EN 671, Fixed fire fighting systems Hose systemsBE EN 976-1, Underground tanks of glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) Horizontalcylindrical tanks for the non-pressure storage of liquid petroleum based fuels Part 1: Requirements and test methods fo

29、r single wall tanksBS EN 1012-1, Compressors and vacuum pumps Safety requirements Part 1: Air compressorsBS EN 1127-1, Explosive atmospheres Explosion prevention and protection Part 1: Basic concepts and methodologyBS EN 1539, Dryers and ovens, in which flammable substances are released Safety requi

30、rementsBS EN 1598, Health and safety in welding and allied processes Transparentwelding curtains, strips and screens for arc welding processesBS EN 1991-1-2, UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-2: General actions Actions on structures exposed to fireBRITISH STANDARD BS 5908

31、-1:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 1BS EN 12094, Fixed firefighting systems Components for gas extinguishingsystems (all parts)BS EN 12259, Fixed firefighting systems Components for sprinkler and waterspray systems (all parts)BS EN 12285-1, Workshop fabricated steel tanks Part 1: Horizon

32、tal cylindricalsingle skin and double skin tanks for the underground storage of flammableand non-flammable water polluting liquidsBS EN 12285-2, Workshop fabricated steel tanks Part 2: Horizontal cylindricalsingle skin and double skin tanks for the aboveground storage of flammableand non-flammable w

33、ater polluting liquidsBS EN 12416, Fixed firefighting systems Powder systemsBS EN 12845, Fixed firefighting systems Automatic sprinkler systems (all parts)BS EN 12573, Welded static non-pressurized thermoplastic tanksBS EN 12921-3, Machines for surface cleaning and pre-treatment of industrialitems u

34、sing liquids or vapours Part 3: Safety of machines using flammablecleaning liquidsBS EN 13463-1, Non-electrical equipment for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres Part 1: Basic method and requirementsBS EN 13463-5, Non-electrical equipment intended for use in potentiallyexplosive atmospheres Part

35、 5: Protection by constructional safety cBS EN 13480, Metallic industrial piping (all parts)BS EN 13565-1, Fixed firefighting systems Foam systems Part 1: Requirementsand test methods for componentsBS EN 13565-2, Fixed firefighting systems Foam systems Part 2: Design,construction and maintenanceBS E

36、N 13575, Static thermoplastic tanks for the above ground storage ofchemicals Blow moulded or rotationally moulded polyethylene tanks Requirements and test methodsBS EN 14015, Environmental management Environmental assessment of sitesand organizationsBS EN 14122, Safety of machinery Permanent means o

37、f access to machineryBS EN 14491, Dust explosion venting protective systemsBS EN 14797, Explosion venting devicesBS EN 14994, Gas explosion venting protective systemsBS EN 15004, Fixed firefighting systems Gas extinguishing systemsBS EN 61511-1, Functional safety Safety instrumented systems for the

38、processindustry sector Part 1: Framework, definitions, system, hardware and softwarerequirementsBS EN 61511-2, Functional safety Safety instrumented systems for the processindustry sector Part 2: Guidelines for the application of IEC 61511-1DD CEN/TS 14816, Fixed firefighting systems Water spray sys

39、tems Design andinstallationAPI 620, Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage TanksAPI 650, Welded Tanks for Oil StorageAPI 2000, Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks: Nonrefrigeratedand RefrigeratedBRITISH STANDARDBS 5908-1:20122 The British Standards Institution

40、2012API RP 2021, Management of Atmospheric Storage Tank FiresOFS T200, OFTEC standard for steel storage tanks3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations3.1 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1.1 boiling liquid vapour cloud explosion

41、(BLEVE)event that follows the sudden failure of a vessel containing a liquefied gasunder pressure after fire engulfmentNOTE A fireball and associated pressure wave occur.3.1.2 dangerous goodsarticles or materials capable of posing significant risk to people, health, propertyor environment when trans

42、ported in quantityNOTE This term is defined in the European Agreement concerning the InternationalCarriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) 5 and other international transportlegislation, and goods are classified as dangerous depending on results from tests setout in the legislation.3.1.3 dangerous

43、substancea) substance or preparation which meets the criteria in the approvedclassification and labelling guide for classification as a substance orpreparation which is explosive, oxidizing, extremely flammable, highlyflammable or flammable, whether or not that substance or preparation isclassified

44、under the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging forSupply) (CHIP) Regulations 6, 7; orb) substance or preparation which because of its physico-chemical or chemicalproperties and the way it is used or is present at the workplace creates ahazard, not being a substance or preparation falling with

45、in a); orc) dust, whether in the form of solid particles or fibrous materials orotherwise, which can form an explosive mixture with air or an explosiveatmosphere, not being a substance or preparation falling within a) or b)(adapted from Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations2002

46、1, 2)3.1.4 deluge systemsystem of fixed fire protection designed to release water from a large numberof nozzles at the same time in response to manual or automatic activation inthe event of fire3.1.5 explosiblecapable of being exploded or liable to explodeNOTE This term is used to describe a dust th

47、at is capable of creating an explosion ifa dense cloud in air is ignited. It distinguishes dust which requires air for combustionfrom explosive materials, which can decompose rapidly and violently in the absenceof air.BRITISH STANDARD BS 5908-1:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 33.1.6 fire

48、-resisting constructionability of an element of construction to maintain its load-bearing capability, orprovide a barrier to the passage of smoke, heat or flames for a stated periodNOTE This term comes from the Building Regulations 8, 9, 10. In the context ofpremises which store and use chemical pro

49、ducts with a range of special properties,the usual construction methods might not provide the anticipated fire-resistancetime (see Clause 14).3.1.7 hazardous areasite in which an explosive atmosphere might occur in such a quantity as torequire special precautions to protect the health and safety of the workersNOTE This definition is taken from DSEAR 1, 2, but hazardous areas may also beassigned where the occupancy is very low but the risk from fires or explosions issignificant.3.1.8