1、BRITISH STANDARD BS6200-2.1:1993Sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals Part2: Sampling and sample preparation Section2.1 Methods for iron and steelBS6200-2.1:1993This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee, w
2、as published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on15 July 1993 BSI 01-2000The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference ISM/18Draft for comment92/43621DCISBN 0 580 21527 XCommittees responsible for this British StandardThe preparat
3、ion of this British Standard was entrusted by the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to Technical Committee ISM/18, upon which the following bodies were represented:BCIRABritish Steel IndustryDepartment of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist)Ferro Alloys and Metal
4、s Producers AssociationMinistry of DefenceAmendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsBS6200-2.1:1993 BSI 01-2000 iContentsPageCommittees responsible Inside front coverForeword iiiSubsection 1. General1.1 Scope 11.2 References 11.3 Definitions 11.4 Quality systems 2Subsection 2. Require
5、ments for sampling and sample preparation2.1 General 32.2 Sample 42.3 Selection of a sample 52.4 Preparation of a sample 52.5 Safety precautions 7Subsection 3. Liquid iron for steelmaking and pig iron production3.1 General 83.2 Spoon sampling 83.3 Probe sampling 83.4 Preparation of a sample for anal
6、ysis 9Subsection 4. Liquid iron for cast iron production4.1 General 104.2 Spoon sampling 104.3 Probe sampling 114.4 Preparation of a sample for analysis 114.5 Sampling and sample preparation for the determinationof oxygen and hydrogen 12Subsection 5. Liquid steel for steel production5.1 General 135.
7、2 Spoon sampling 135.3 Probe sampling 135.4 Preparation of a sample for analysis 145.5 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of oxygen 145.6 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of hydrogen 15Subsection 6. Pig irons6.1 General 166.2 Increment sampling 166.3 Preparati
8、on of a sample for analysis 16Subsection 7. Cast iron products7.1 General 197.2 Sampling and sample preparation 19Subsection 8. Steel products8.1 General 218.2 Selection of a preliminary sample or a sample foranalysis from a cast product 218.3 Selection of a preliminary sample or a sample for analys
9、isfrom a wrought product 218.4 Preparation of a sample for analysis 238.5 Sampling of leaded steel 238.6 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of oxygen 24BS 6200-2.1:1993ii BSI 01-2000Page8.7 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of hydrogen 24Annex A (informative) S
10、ampling probes for use with liquid iron and steel 26Annex B (informative) Sampling probes for use with liquid steel for the determination of hydrogen 32Figure 1 Sequence of sampling and sample preparation for liquid iron andsteel, and cast iron and steel products 3Figure 2 Combination-type vertical
11、mould used for sampling liquid ironintended for cast iron production 8Figure 3 Sampling positions for pig irons 17Figure 4 Sampling positions for steel sections 22Figure A.1 Examples of immersion sampling probes filled byferrostatic pressure 27Figure A.2 Examples of disc-and-pin samples 28Figure A.3
12、 Example of an immersion sampling probe filled by gravity 29Figure A.4 Example of an immersion probe used for samplingliquid iron from a blast furnace 30Figure A.5 Example of a sublance probe assembly showing the samplechamber 30Figure A.6 Examples of stream sampling and suction sampling probes 31Fi
13、gure B.1 Examples of probes used for sampling liquid steel for the determination of hydrogen 33Table 1 Minimum number of pigs to be taken as incrementalsamples from a consignment of pig iron 16List of references 34BS 6200-2.1:1993 BSI 01-2000 iiiForewordThis Section of BS6200 has been prepared under
14、 the direction of the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee.BS6200 is a British Standard series covering all aspects of the sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals. A general introduction is given in BS6200-1:1991, which lists the contents of all the existing and projected
15、Parts, Sections and Subsections.BS6200-2 supersedes BS1837:1970, which is withdrawn. Methods of sampling identical to those given in BS1837 were included in BSI Handbook No.19:1970, which has also been withdrawn.This Section of BS6200 describes methods for the sampling and sample preparation of iron
16、 and steel; BS6200-2.2:1993 describes methods for use with ferroalloys and other alloying additives used in the manufacture of iron and steel.This Section of BS6200 takes account of international recommendations ISO377-2:1989 and Euronorm18:1979 for the selection and preparation of samples and test
17、pieces for the determination of chemical composition. It also takes account of BSEN10001:1991 which defines and classifies pig irons and specifies methods for sampling and sample preparation, and a method which is in course of preparation as a European Standard for the preparation of steel samples f
18、or oxygen determination.In addition, information was obtained from ASTM standard practices for sampling iron and steel 1,2 and from BCIRA recommended practices for sampling cast iron3,4.Standard methods for sampling and sample preparation of direct reduced iron are being prepared as International St
19、andards by ISO/TC102 and will be published in due course.This Section of BS6200 calls for the use of substances and/or methods that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to he
20、alth and safety at any stage.It has been assumed in the drafting of this Section of BS6200 that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.Assessed capability. Users of this British Standard are advised to consider the desirability of quality syste
21、m assessment and registration against the appropriate Part of BS5750 by a third party certification body.A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.Compliance with a British Stand
22、ard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages1to34, an inside back cover and a back cover.This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. T
23、his will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS6200-2.1:1993 BSI 01-2000 1Subsection 1. General1.1 ScopeThis Section of BS6200 describes methods for sampling and sample preparation for the determination of the chemical composition of pig iron, cast iron and steel. M
24、ethods are described for use with both liquid and solid metal.1.2 References1.2.1 Normative referencesThis Section of BS6200 incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publica
25、tions are listed on page34. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this Section of BS6200 only when incorporated in it by updating or revision.1.2.2 Informative referencesThis Section of BS6200 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance.
26、Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of the standard are listed page34, but reference should be made to the latest editions.1.3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Section of BS6200, the following definitions apply.1.3.1 chemical method of analysismethod for the determination
27、of chemical composition in which the sample is submitted to chemical reaction1.3.2 physical method of analysismethod for the determination of chemical composition in which the determination of composition is carried out without submitting the sample to chemical reaction, for example an optical emiss
28、ion spectrometric method, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method1.3.3 thermal method of analysismethod for the determination of chemical composition in which the sample is submitted to a process of heating, combustion or fusion1.3.4 meltliquid metal from which a sample is removed1.3.5 spoon samp
29、lingmethod in which the sample is taken from the melt, or during the pouring of the melt, using a long-handled spoon, and cast into a small mould1.3.6 spoon samplesample taken from the melt using a spoon and cast into a small mould1.3.7 probe samplingmethod in which the sample is taken from the melt
30、 using a proprietary sampling probe inserted into the melt1.3.8 immersion samplingmethod of probe sampling in which the probe is immersed in the melt where the sample chamber in the probe fills by ferrostatic pressure or gravity1.3.9 stream samplingmethod of probe sampling in which the probe is inse
31、rted into a stream of liquid metal where the sample chamber in the probe fills by force of metal flow1.3.10 suction samplingmethod of probe sampling in which the probe is inserted into the melt where the sample chamber in the probe fills by aspiration1.3.11 probe samplesample taken from the melt usi
32、ng a proprietary sampling probe1.3.12 cast productitem of iron or steel which has not been subject to deformation, for example, an ingot, a semi-finished product obtained by continuous casting, a shaped casting1.3.13 wrought productitem of steel which has been subject to deformation by rolling, draw
33、ing, forging or some other method, for example, a bar, a billet, a plate, a strip, a tube, a wire1.3.14 sample productspecific item of iron or steel selected from a supplied quantity for the purpose of obtaining a sampleBS6200-2.1:19932 BSI 01-20001.3.15 preliminary samplesufficient quantity of meta
34、l selected from the sample product for the purpose of obtaining one or more samples for analysis1.3.16 sample for analysispart of the sample product, or part of the preliminary sample taken from the sample product, or part of the sample taken from the melt, brought to a required condition for submis
35、sion to analysisthe sample for analysis may comprise the sample product itself or the sample taken from the meltNOTEThe following categories of sample for analysis are distinguished: sample in the form of a solid mass; sample that has been remelted; sample in the form of chips obtained by machining;
36、 sample in the form of fragments obtained by comminution; sample in the form of powder obtained by comminution.1.3.17 test portionpart of the sample for analysis, or part of the sample taken from the melt, actually submitted to analysis. In certain cases, the test portion may be selected from the sa
37、mple product itselfNOTE 1The following special types of test portions in the form of a solid mass obtained from a probe sample are distinguished: test portion in the shape of a small disc, commonly described as a slug, obtained by punching; test portion in the form of a small appendage, commonly des
38、cribed as a lug; test portion in the form of a small-diameter rod, commonly described as a pin, obtained by cutting.NOTE 2When the sample for analysis is in the form of chips or powder, or when a sample in the form of a solid mass is analysed by a thermal method, the test portion is obtained by weig
39、hing. In the case of a physical method of analysis, the part actually analysed will constitute only a small mass of the sample for analysis. In an optical emission spectrometric method, the mass of metal consumed in an electrical discharge is about 0.5mg to1mg; in an X-ray fluorescence spectrometric
40、 method, the characteristic radiation is produced from a very thin surface layer of the sample.1.3.18 grindingmethod of preparing a sample of metal for a physical method of analysis in which the surface of the sample for analysis is abraded using an abrasive wheel1.3.19 linishingmethod of preparing
41、a sample of metal for a physical method of analysis in which the surface of the sample for analysis is abraded using a flexible rotating disc or continuous belt coated with an abrasive substance1.3.20 consignmentquantity of metal delivered at one time1.3.21 incrementquantity of metal obtained by sam
42、pling at one time from a consignment1.4 Quality systemsSampling methods have to provide adequate protection for the purchaser, it being recognized that any sampling method has limitations.For the purpose of demonstrating the fulfilment of contractual requirements the supplier is obliged to provide v
43、alid confidence that the required quality will be achieved.NOTERequirements for quality systems are specified in BS5750-2:1987 for use when a contract requires demonstration of a suppliers capability1) to control the processes that determine the acceptability of the product supplied.BS5750-3:1987 sp
44、ecifies requirements for use when a contract requires demonstration of capability to detect and control the disposition of any product nonconformity during final inspection and test.1) See foreword.BS6200-2.1:1993 BSI 01-2000 3Subsection 2. Requirements for sampling and sample preparation2.1 General
45、This subsection considers the general requirements for the sample, and for the sampling and sample preparation of iron and steel. Special requirements apply to each category of liquid and solid metal and these requirements are considered in the relevant subsection.The sequence of sampling and sample
46、 preparation of liquid iron and steel, and cast iron and steel products is shown in Figure 1. Special considerations apply to pig irons (see subsection6).Figure 1 Sequence of sampling and sample preparation for liquid iron and steel,andcastiron and steel productsBS6200-2.1:19934 BSI 01-20002.2 Sampl
47、e2.2.1 QualitySampling practices shall be designed to provide a sample for analysis that is representative of the mean chemical composition of the melt or of the sample product.The sample for analysis shall be sufficiently homogeneous with respect to chemical composition such that inhomogeneity does
48、 not appreciably contribute to the error variability of the method of analysis. However, in the case of a sample taken from a melt, some variability in analysis, both within and between samples for analysis, may be unavoidable; this variability will form an inherent part of the repeatability and rep
49、roducibility of the analysis.The sample for analysis shall be free from surface coatings, and from moisture, dirt or other forms of contamination.So far as is possible the sample for analysis should be free from voids, cracks and porosity; and from fins, laps or other surface defects.Particular care shall be taken when selecting and preparing the sample for analysis where a sample taken from a melt is expected to be heterogeneous or contaminated in any way.A sample taken from a melt shall be cooled in such a manner that the chemical compos
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