BS 6245-1-2001 Sampling tobacco and tobacco products - Method of sampling batches of raw material (general principles)《烟草和烟草制品的取样 原材料取批样的方法(一般原则)》.pdf

1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 6245-1:2001 ISO 4874:2

2、000 ICS 65.160 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Sampling tobacco and tobacco products Part 1: Method of sampling batches of raw material (general principles)This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sec

3、tor Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 January 2001 BSI 01-2001 ISBN 0 580 36810 6 BS 6245-1:2001 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 4874:2000 and

4、implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 6245-1:1982 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/40, Tobacco and tobacco products, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsi

5、ble European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secr

6、etary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standard

7、s Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages

8、This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4874 Secon

9、dedition 2000-11-01 Referencenumber ISO4874:2000(E) TobaccoSamplingofbatchesofraw materialGeneralprinciples Tabac chantillonnage des lots de matires premires Principes gnraux BS 6245-1:2001ii BS 6245-1:2001ISO847002:40)E(iii Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefed

10、erationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcom- mittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhasthe righttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governme

11、ntalandnon-governmental,inliai- sonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStand

12、ardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldr

13、esponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO4874waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC126, Tobacco and tobacco products. Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO4874:1981),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised. AnnexAofthisInternationalStandardisforinformationonly

14、. BS 6245-1:2001BS 6245-1:2001INRETNAITOANLSTNADDRA ISO847002:40)E(1 TobaccoSamplingofbatchesofrawmaterialGeneral principles 1Scope ThisInternationalStandardspecifiesthegeneralprinciplestobeappliedwhensamplingbatchesofrawtobaccoin ordertoassesseither themeanvalueofoneormoreofitscharacteristics,or th

15、eheterogeneityofoneormoreofitscharacteristics. NOTEIfitisnecessarytosampletobaccotakenfromcigarettes,theprocedureslistedin5.1ofISO8243:1991shouldbeused. Manufacturedtobaccoproducts,includingproductsintendedforsaleordistribution,arespecificallynotincludedinthescopeof thisInternationalStandard. ThisIn

16、ternationalStandardisapplicabletothesamplingofbatchesofrawtobaccoofthefollowingtypes: a)leaftobacco: 1)fluecured, 2)aircured, 3)suncured, 4)firecured; b)pretreatedrawtobacco: 1)whichhasundergonefermentation(inpackagesnotintendedforretailorwholesalesalesordistribution,in bulk,inchambers), 2)whichhasb

17、eenpartiallyorcompletelystemmed, 3)whichisintheformofstems, 4)whichisintheformofwasteandremnants, 5)whichhasbeenreconstitutedintheformofstrips. 2Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 2.1 characteristic physical,mechanical,dimensional,chem

18、ical,biological,botanicalororganolepticpropertyoftobacco 2.2 batch definitequantityoftobaccothatisproducedunderconditionsthatarepresumedtobeuniformwithrespecttooneor moreofitscharacteristics(forexample,leafposition,colour,ripeness,leaflength) NOTEThisnotionimpliesgenerallythatthebatchconsistsoftobac

19、cosofthesameoriginbelongingtothesamevariety. BS 6245-1:2001ISO:4784(0002)E 2 2.3 consignment quantityoftobaccodeliveredatonetime NOTETheconsignmentmayconsistofoneormorebatchesorpartsofbatches. 2.4 samplingunit unitpartoftheconsignment NOTE1Itisseparatelypackaged(bale,woodenorcardboardcase,basketorsa

20、ck). NOTE2Forbulktobacco,aconsignmentwithatotalmassof shouldbeconsideredtobecomposedof sampling units. NOTE3Thedefinitionoftheterm“samplingunit”asgiveninthisInternationalStandardisaspecialcaseofthegeneraldefini- tiongiveninISO3534-2,anditappliesonlytorawtobacco. 2.5 stratifiedsampling forapopulation

21、thatcanbedividedintodifferentsubpopulations(calledstrata),samplingcarriedoutinsuchaway thatspecifiedproportionsofthesamplearedrawnfromdifferentstrata 2.6 increment quantityoftobaccotakenatonetimefromasamplingunitinordertoformpartofasinglesample 2.7 singlesample basicsample sampleobtainedbycombining

22、incrementstakenfromasamplingunitsoastobeasrepresentativeaspossibleof thisunit 2.8 grosssample samplethatisacombinationofallsinglesamples 2.9 reducedsample samplethatistakenfromthegrosssampleandisrepresentativeofthegrosssample 2.10 laboratorysample sampleintendedforlaboratoryinspectionortestingandwhi

23、chisrepresentativeofthegrosssample. NOTEItmayconsistof a)oneormoresinglesamples; b) thegrosssample; c) areducedsampleofthegrosssample. 2.11 testsample sampleaspreparedfortesting,takenatrandomfromthelaboratorysample,representativeofthegrosssample mkg m=100 N BS 6245-1:2001ISO847002:40)E(3 3Contractua

24、larrangements Thecontractbetweentheinterestedpartiesshallstate: a)atwhatstagesofproductionanddeliverysamplingshallbecarriedout; b)thepartyorpartiesresponsibleforcarryingoutthesamplingandunderwhosecontrol; c)thecharacteristicstobedetermined; d)thelaboratoryorlaboratoriesthatwillperformtheanalyses; e)

25、themaximumintervaloftimeadmissiblebetweensamplingandanalysis.(Thisintervalshouldbeasshortas possible.) 4Sampling 4.1General Itisimportantthatthelaboratoryreceivearepresentativesamplewhichhasnotbeendamagedorchangedduring transportorstorage. 4.2Samplingequipment Theequipmentthatisusedforsamplingthetob

26、accoshallbeappropriateforthedeterminationofthecharacteristics thatarespecifiedinclause3c).Ifphysicalcharacteristicssuchasleafdimensionsorparticlesizedistributionareto bedetermined,thenthesamplingequipmentshallnotalterthesecharacteristics.Thesamplingequipmentshallbe cleananddry,andshallnotaffectanysu

27、bsequentdetermination. 4.3Containersforsamplesandstorageprecautions Thecontainersusedforcollectingthesamplesshallbemadeofachemicallyinertmaterial.Theyshallbeairtight andpreferablyopaque. Thesamplesshallbekeptinadryandcoolplaceprotectedagainstlight,andinanodour-freeenvironmentto preventcontamination,

28、microbialgrowth,infestationorothersituationswhichwouldaffectorganolepticproperties. 5Procedure 5.1General Theprocedureshallincludethefollowingsteps: a)labellingofsamplesforproperidentification; b)selectionofsamplingunits; c)extractionofincrementsandconstitutionofsinglesamples; d)constitutionofthegro

29、sssample; e)constitutionofreducedsamples; f) preparationofthelaboratorysample(s). NOTEIfheterogeneityisofinterestaswellasmeanvalues,analysesofseverallaboratorysampleswillbenecessary.Inthese circumstances,thelaboratorysampleswillusuallybetakenfromasinglesampleoragrosssamplecomprisingnotmorethantwo or

30、threesinglesamples. BS 6245-1:2001ISO:4784(0002)E 4 5.2Treatmentofdamagedsamplingunits Thetreatmentofdamagedsamplingunitsdependsontheaimoftheanalyses. a)Ifthedamagetothetobaccoisirrelevantwithrespecttothecharacteristicstobedetermined(forexample, diseasemarkingswhenassessingthelengthoftheleaf),sample

31、damagedunitsinthesamewayasundamaged units. b)Iftheassessmentmaybeaffectedbythedamage,thedamagedsamplingunitsshallbesampledseparatelyand arecordmade. c)Ifthedamagetothetobaccoissuchthatthetobaccoisunusablefortheassessmentofthecharacteristicstobe determined,donotsamplethatsamplingunit. Itmaybenecessar

32、ytogradethedamagetothetobaccointhedamagedsamplingunitsintoseveralclassesand obtainsufficientincrementsfromthedamagedsamplingunits. 5.3Selectionofsamplingunits Theselectionofsamplingunitsmaybecarriedoutbyrandomsamplingorbyperiodicsystematicsampling. Thechoiceofthemethodtobeemployeddependsonthenatureo

33、ftheconsignment.Ifthebatchesintheconsign- mentarenotidentified,randomselectionofthesamplingunitsisrecommended.Ifthebatchesintheconsignment aremarkedwithsuccessivenumbersindicatingaproductionorder,thenperiodicsamplingtoselectsamplingunits maybesuitable. a)Selectingthesamplingunitsatrandom Drawthesamp

34、lingunitsatrandomfromtheconsignmentinsuchamannerthateachunithasthesameproba- bilityofbeingselected.Repeatthisprocessuntiltherequirednumber()ofsamplingunitshasbeendrawn. b)Selectingthesamplingunitsbyperiodicsystematicsampling Ifthereare samplingunitsintheconsignmentandthesesamplingunitshavebeenidenti

35、fiedonasystematic basis(forexample,theorderofproduction)andnumberedfrom1to ,aperiodicsystematicsamplingof samplingunitsconsistsinthetakingof units: where and arewholenumberssatisfyingtherelationships with beinggenerallytakenatrandomfromthefirst wholenumbers. 5.4Extractionofincrementsandconstitutiono

36、fsinglesamples 5.4.1Composition Theminimumincrementshallbeconstitutedinaccordancewithoneofthefollowingspecifications,accordingtothe circumstances: a)threepacketsofleavestiedtogether(hands); b)fiftyleaves(forleavesnottiedtogetherbeforedelivery); c) oftobacco(orientaltobacco,threshedorcompletelystemme

37、dtobacco,stems,remnants,orreconstituted tobacco). n N Nn n h,h+k,h+2k,.,h+(n1)k hk nk6Nn(k+1)andh6k hk 500g BS 6245-1:2001ISO847002:40)E(5 5.4.2Numberofincrements Atleastthreeincrementsshallbetakenfromeachsamplingunit.Ifonlythreeincrementsaretaken,thefirstofthem shouldbetakenfromtheupperthirdofthesa

38、mplingunit,thesecondfromthemiddlethird,andthethirdfromthe lowerthird.Taketheincrementsinsuchawaythatnositesofremovalarecentredonthesameverticallinethrough theunit. Ifmorethanthreeincrementsaretaken,theyshouldbeevenlydistributedinthesamplingunit. 5.4.3Sizeofsinglesamples Eachsinglesampleiscomposedofa

39、llincrementstakenfromthesameunit. Thesizeandcompositionofthesamplesshallbeappropriateto a)thetypeoftobacco, b)thesizeofthesamplingunit,and c)thetypeandnumberofdeterminationstobecarriedout. NOTEExamplesoftypicalsamplesizesaregiveninannexA. 5.4.4Tobaccoinbulk Tobaccoinbulkshallbenotionallydividedintos

40、amplingunitsasindicatedinNote2in2.4.Thesenotionalunitsshall besampledasspecifiedin5.4.1to5.4.3. Inthiscase,itisalsonecessarytodrawupastratifiedsamplingplanappropriatetothedimensionsofthebulk sample. 6Samplingreport Thesamplingreportshallcontainthefollowinginformation: a)thetypeandoriginofthetobacco;

41、 b)theconsignmentnumberaswellasanybatchnumberornumbers; c)thetotalmassofthebatch; d)themethodofpacking; e)thenumberofpackagesandtheirunitmass,andwhetherthemassisnetorgross; f) thenumberofdamagedpackagesandtheirunitmass,andwhetherthemassisnetorgross; g)theappearanceofthetobacco; h)thepurposeofthesamp

42、lingandthecharacteristicstobedetermined; i) thenumberofunitssampled; j) thenumber,natureandoriginalpositionoftheincrements; k)thedescriptionofthesinglesamples(kind,consistency,unitmass); l) thenumberofsinglesamples; m)ifapplicable,thecompositionofthegrosssampleanditsmass; n)ifapplicable,themethodofr

43、educingthegrosssampleaswellasthecompositionofthereducedsampleandits mass; BS 6245-1:2001ISO:4784(0002)E 6 o)thecompositionandthemassofthelaboratorysample(s)andthemethodbywhichtheyhavebeenobtainedand conserved; p)thenamesandsignaturesoftheparty/partieswhocarriedoutthesampling; q)dateofsampling. BS 62

44、45-1:2001ISO847002:40)E(7 AnnexA (informative) Examplesofsampling A.1Tobaccoinhands Aconsignmentof in bales(foratotalof500bales). Numberofunitssampled:15bales. Singlesample:9hands(minimum). Grosssample:135hands(minimum). A.2Threshedtobacco Aconsignmentof in hogsheads(foratotalof20hogsheads). Numbero

45、funitssampled:4hogsheads. Singlesample: (minimum). Grosssample: (minimum). 100t 200kg 10t 500kg 1,5kg 6kg BS 6245-1:2001ISO:4784(0002)E 8 Bibliography 1ISO3534-1, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms. 2ISO3534-2, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2

46、: Statistical quality control. 3ISO8243:1991, Cigarettes Sampling. BS 6245-1:2001BS 6245-1:2001 ISO 4874:2000 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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