1、BS 6349-8:2007Maritime structures Part 8: Code of practice for the design of Ro-Ro ramps, linkspans and walkwaysICS 47.020.99; 93.140NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this do
2、cument indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50203 3The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/525/11Draft for comment 06/30124387 DCPublication historyFirst published April 2007Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date
3、 Text affectedBS 6349-8:2007 BSI 2007 iBS 6349-8:2007ContentsForeword iii0 Introduction 11 Scope 32 Normative references 43 Terms, definitions and symbols 54 General recommendations 105 Types of structure 166 Geometry 247 Loads, movements and factors 388 Structural analysis and design 579 Furniture,
4、 finishes and corrosion protection 62AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Load combinations and partial safety factors 66Annex B (informative) Vehicle loadings 70Bibliography 71List of figuresFigure 1 Linkspan types 18Figure 2 Passenger walkways Type A Motorized carriage at ship entry, swivel at building 21
5、Figure 3 Passenger walkways Type B Motorized carriage at ship entry plus slave carriage and pod 22Figure 4 Passenger walkways Type C Traversing drawbridge on boarding pod 23Figure 5 Passenger walkways Type D Single tunnel supported on rail mounted gantry 23Figure 6 Roadway width and recommended edge
6、 clearance at raised kerbs 25Figure 7 Plan geometry of linkspans 26Figure 8 Interface diagrams 28Figure 9 Plan clearances for design 30Figure 10 Vertical geometry guidelines for normal circumstances 34Figure 11 Preferred transition geometry 37Figure 12 Extreme transition changes 37Figure 13 Axle wei
7、ght spacings 50Figure 14 Loading influence line 51Figure 15 Definition of primary support path for suspension system 61List of tablesTable 1 Minimum roadway widths 24Table 2 Suggested motions of moored Ro-Ro vessels in harbour 32Table 3 Maximum operational longitudinal gradients for articulated elem
8、ents (not including local slopes at ship ramp interface ends) 36Table 4 Vertical clearances 38Table 5 Values of factor fLfor superimposed dead loads 39Table 6 Values of factor fLfor dead loads from ship ramps and finger flaps 40Table 7 Wind on enclosed walkways 42Table 8 Values of factor fLfor snow
9、loads 43Table 9 Values of factor fLfor water current loading 44BS 6349-8:2007ii BSI 2007Table 10 Values of factor fLfor wave loading 44Table 11 Values of factor fLfor berthing loads 45Table 12 Values of factor fLfor mooring loads 45Table 13 Values of factor fLfor other ship-induced loads 47Table 14
10、Values of fLfor use with accidental damage to suspension system 47Table 15 Notional lanes 49Table 16 Standard vehicles 50Table 17 Values of factor fLfor design loads 54Table 18 Annual flow of road vehicles (valid for up to 30% HGVs only) 55Table 19 Loads on vehicle and pedestrian restraint systems 5
11、7Table A.1 Loads to be taken in each combination with appropriate value of fL66Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 72, an inside back cover and a back cover. BSI 2007 iiiBS 6349-8:2007ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 63
12、49 is published by BSI and came into effect on 30 April 2007. It was prepared by Subcommittee B/525/11, Maritime structures, under the authority of Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request t
13、o its secretary.BSI Committee B/525 takes collective responsibility for the preparation of this part of BS 6349. The Committee wishes to acknowledge the personal contribution of Paul Lacey C Eng, FICE, FI Struct E., FIHT, FRSA, Chairman of B/525 from 1986 to 2005.Relationship with other publications
14、This is a new part of the BS 6349 series. The other parts in the series are:Part 1: Code of practice for general criteria;Part 2: Design of quay walls, jetties and dolphins;Part 3: Design of dry docks, locks, slipways and shipbuilding berths, shiplifts and dock and lock gates;Part 4: Code of practic
15、e for design of fendering and mooring systems;Part 5: Code of practice for dredging and land reclamation;Part 6: Design of inshore moorings and floating structures;Part 7: Guide to the design and construction of breakwaters.This part of BS 6349 should be read in conjunction with BS 5400. When using
16、BS 5400 the word “bridge” should generally be read as “structure”. The various loads and load factors to be used when considering the ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state should be as given in Clause 8 of this part of BS 6349.An alternative approach to the design of Ro-Ro ramps, links
17、pans and walkways is given in the Lloyds Register Rules and regulations for the classification of linkspans (hereinafter referred to as Lloyds Rules). BS 5400 is an ultimate limit state code and Lloyds Rules is a working stress design code, and the treatment of load factors and vehicle impact factor
18、s is very different between the two codes. It is permissible to use both Lloyds Rules and BS 5400 in the design of the same structure, provided that the designer takes the full implications of each code into account.Both Lloyds Rules and BS 5400 can be used as the basis of structural design of links
19、pans, but only Lloyds Rules gives guidance on the structural design of floating structures.CIRIA report C518 1 gives an extensive discussion on the coverage and limitations of Lloyds Rules.BS 6349-8:2007iv BSI 2007Information about this documentAssessed capability. Users of this part of BS 6349 are
20、advised to consider the desirability of quality system assessment and registration against the appropriate standard in the BS EN ISO 9000 series by an accredited third-party certification body.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this part of BS 6349 takes the form of guidance and recommendati
21、ons. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading.Any user claiming compliance with this part of BS 6349 is expected to be able to justify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.I
22、t has been assumed in the preparation of this part of BS 6349 that the execution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) t
23、ype. Its recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does no
24、t purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Attention is drawn to the regulations listed in the Note to 4.4. BSI 2007 1BS 6349-8:20070Introduction0.
25、1 Design traditionsThe design of Ro-Ro linkspans and walkways has historically been carried out by two types of designers: highway bridge designers and naval architects. These two types of designers have historically used different types of design rules. Bridge designers have referred to bridge desi
26、gn codes, such as BS 5400. Naval architects have referred to Lloyds Rules.This part of BS 6349 includes recommendations for a number of issues that are not covered by either BS 5400 or Lloyds Rules. In particular:a) BS 5400 does not cover: pontoons or floating structures; overall hydrostatic stabili
27、ty; wave, current and ship-induced loadings; aluminium structures;b) Lloyds Rules does not cover: specific rules for upstanding plate girders with U-frame action; specific rules for dealing clearly with members in which lateral torsional buckling is likely; overall hydrostatic stability; concrete st
28、ructures.In addition to these differences, BS 5400 assumes a design life or return period of 120 years, whereas this part of BS 6349 deals with structures that have an anticipated design life of 30 years.0.2 Limit statesUltimate Limit State (ULS) and Serviceability Limit State (SLS) are terms define
29、d by BS 5400 and are not used in Lloyds Rules. If it is necessary to use these terms in conjunction with Lloyds Rules, the following interpretations can be made: the ULS is the load or effect combination causing the largest stresses for comparison with the allowable stresses permitted by the Rules;
30、the SLS is the load or effect combination causing the largest deflections or movements for comparison with the deflections or movements permitted by the Rules.The Ultimate Limit State (ULS) usually covers: overall failure by rupture or yielding; overall instability by overturning or sinking; collaps
31、e, loss or removal of support to elements, including linkspans, ship ramps, adjustable flaps, flaps, fingers and bearings; failure or malfunction of operating machinery; failure by fatigue.BS 6349-8:20072 BSI 2007The Serviceability Limit State (SLS) usually covers: excessive deflection, slip within
32、components, cracking of concrete, yielding, damage to finishes or protective coatings, all as defined by the various parts of BS 5400; grounding of vehicles causing damage or gross discomfort to users; excessive gaps, gradients, obstructions and other impediments to the safety of users of the facili
33、ty; loss of reliability or performance of operating machinery due to excessive wear, impact or other effect; traps/pinch points.0.3 Design conditions0.3.1 Operating conditionThis is when traffic is permitted on the facility and when traffic might travel between successive surfaces over joints where
34、relative articulation or movement can occur. The maximum range of water levels, sea state and wind effects appropriate to the operating condition of the facility will not necessarily encompass the maximum movement of loads for which the facility is to be designed. At both ultimate and serviceability
35、 limit state all traffic and pedestrian areas need to be loaded such as to cause the maximum detrimental effect.Additional SLS checks for clearances, movements, etc., need to be made with the associated live loading as appropriate. This is particularly the case with pontoon-supported linkspans becau
36、se the linkspans freeboard could vary as traffic traverses the pontoon or floating body.0.3.2 Extreme tidal conditionThis is when the facility is subjected to loads and/or movements arising from the most severe tidal and sea state conditions expected during its design life. Depending on operational
37、requirements, traffic and pedestrian loading might be excluded in these circumstances, except for emergency vehicle loading. The risk assessment in 4.2 is expected to identify whether the circumstances are such that only the ultimate limit state need be considered.0.3.3 Methods of adjustmentIn Metho
38、d I, the linkspan is supported by a system distinct from the lifting system. This support system ensures that the mass of the ramp and live loads are fully supported during boarding operations; and maintenance vehicles are fully supported during lifting system repair and replacement periods. Therefo
39、re the lifting system only supports permanent and environmental loads.In Method II, the lifting system supports the linkspan during boarding operations whether being adjusted or not.The systems of support include a floating pontoon or semi-submersible buoyant tank as well as mechanical lifting syste
40、ms. BSI 2007 3BS 6349-8:20070.3.4 Prevention of collapseThe ramp supporting system needs to be designed to prevent sudden or catastrophic failure of the ramp, taking into account both the ultimate limit state and the serviceability state.The risk assessment undertaken for the linkspan is expected to
41、 identify the conditions and loadings to which the linkspan and any machinery is likely to be subjected throughout its life.Appropriate measures need to be taken to ensure that these risks are mitigated. A linkspan with a suspension system requires particular consideration (see 8.8).0.3.5 Maintenanc
42、e conditionThis occurs during the time when the facility is not in use by vehicles or pedestrians, and is relevant to the design of spragging or parking facilities for the facility whilst being maintained, or stored out of use. Allowance needs to be made for specified maintenance vehicles and materi
43、als. The maximum range of water levels and sea state is appropriate to the extreme tidal and sea state condition.0.3.6 Design criteriaThe criteria for the operational conditions need to be agreed with the end user.1 ScopeThis part of BS 6349 gives recommendations for the design of roll-on/roll-off (
44、Ro-Ro) ramps, linkspans and walkways, used for the transfer of passengers and vehicles between shore and ship.It applies to the structural elements only and does not cover the design of any operational equipment, traffic control, mechanical or electrical equipment, heating, lighting, life saving or
45、rescue equipment other than as the structures forming a facility need to incorporate and/or support any of these features. Most geometrical aspects of fixed shore ramps are covered in this part of BS 6349, but recommendations for all other aspects are given in BS 6349-2.This part of BS 6349 does not
46、 apply to Ro-Ro facilities used by rail vehicles in that it does not give recommendations for railway loading and associated ramp gradients. However, many of its recommendations are applicable to rail Ro-Ro facilities and can be used in the absence of other guidance.NOTE This part of BS 6349 is gene
47、rally intended to cover facilities constructed in the British Isles. Although the majority of the contents are directly applicable elsewhere, local conditions might necessitate modifications, e.g. environmental effects and traffic loading.BS 6349-8:20074 BSI 20072 Normative referencesThe following r
48、eferenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.Standards publicationsBS 5400 (all parts), Steel, concrete and co
49、mposite bridgesBS 6349-1:2000, Maritime structures Part 1: Code of practice for general criteriaBS 6349-2:1988, Maritime structures Part 2: Design of quay walls, jetties and dolphinsBS 6349-4:1994, Maritime structures Part 4: Design of fendering and mooring systemsBS 6349-6:1989, Maritime structures Part 6: Design of inshore moorings and floating structuresBS 6399-2:1997,
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