1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6388-3: 1996 ISO 5630-3: 1996 Accelerated ageing for paper and board Part 3: Method for moist heat treatment at 80 C and 65 % relative humidity ICS 85.060BS 6388-3:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Board forMaterials and Chemicals,
2、waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15 October 1996 BSI 11-1998 First published August 1977 Second edition October 1996 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PAI/11 Draft for comment 94/342053 DC ISBN 0 580 26
3、412 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Apparel and Textile Confederation British Carton Associat
4、ion British Fibreboard Packaging Association British Printing Industries Federation Envelope Makers and Manufacturing Stationers Association Her Majestys Stationery Office Ministry of Defence Paper Federation of Great Britain University of Manchester (Institute of Science and Technology) Amendments
5、issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 6388-3:1996 BSI 11-1998 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Principle 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Sampling 1 6 Preparation of test specimens 2 7 Heat treatment 2 8 P
6、reconditioning and conditioning 2 9 Property testing 2 10 Expression of results 2 11 Test report 2 Annex A (informative) Apparatus for moist heat treatment 3 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 5 Figure A.1 Schematic diagram of moist heat treatment apparatus 3 Figure A.2 Typical apparatus for moist h
7、eat treatment 4 List of references Inside back coverBS 6388-3:1996 ii BSI 11-1998 National foreword This Part of BS 6388 has been prepared by Technical Committee PAI/11 and is identical to ISO 5630-3:1996 Paper and board Accelerated ageing Part3:Moisture heat treatment at 80 C and 65 % relative humi
8、dity, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It supersedes BS 6388-3:1987 which is withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Complianc
9、e with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard ISO 186:1994 BS EN ISO 186:1996 Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality (Identical) ISO 187:1990 BS EN 20187:1993 Paper, board an
10、d pulps. Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standa
11、rd has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS 6388-3:1996 BSI 11-1998 1 Introduction Exposure of paper or board to a hostile environment, such as some types of radiation, elevated temperatu
12、re, or chemical attack over a period of hours, may provide information concerning the natural changes that may occur in the material over a period of years. 1, 2 Hostile environments that have been used include dry heat, heat and moisture, visible and ultraviolet radiation, and sulfur dioxide gas. P
13、roperties compared before and after such exposure include mechanical, chemical and optical properties. It has been determined that the degradation of cellulose is very sensitive to moisture. 3, 4The rate of degradation increases about 25 % when the relative humidity increases from 60 % to 70 %. In o
14、rder to be representative of natural conditions in many countries where conditions of high humidity, and perhaps high temperature, are common, it is desirable that in an accelerated ageing atmosphere paper should have the same moisture content as in a natural ageing atmosphere. 5, 6For this reason,
15、after studying the ageing of many papers under different conditions of temperature and relative humidity, 80 C and 65 % relative humidity have been selected 5, 6for tests of accelerated ageing. 1 Scope This part of ISO 5630 specifies a procedure for moist heat treatment of paper or board and the gen
16、eral approach for testing properties of the heat-treated materials. This method is based on work on printing and writing papers, but may be used with discretion for other types of paper and board. The procedure is not recommended for papers such as resin-impregnated or varnish-treated papers, which
17、increase in physical strength on heating. The procedure is not applicable to certain electrical insulating papers, for which different conditions apply (see ISO 5630-4). This part of ISO 5630 does not specify the tests to bemade on the paper or board. It is left to the interested parties to determin
18、e which tests are appropriate for the type of paper or board being evaluated. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 5630. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All st
19、andards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 5630 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 186:19
20、94, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality. ISO 187:1990, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples. 3 Principle Test specimens of paper or board are heated for a specified time at 80
21、 C and 65 % relative humidity. Agreed properties of the test specimens are compared before and after this moist heat treatment. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Ageing vessels, capable of being maintained at a temperature of (80 0,5) C and (65 2) % relative humidity. The temperature and relative humidity may be main
22、tained either by the use of climatized cabinets and automatic control of temperature and humidity or by the use of constant-temperature baths (see annex A). NOTE 1Graminski et al. 3, 4have shown that the rate of degradation of folding endurance and of zero-span tensile strength can be increased by c
23、hanging the relative humidity at elevated temperatures. Therefore, for maximum precision, the temperature should be closely controlled, to within 0,5 C or better, in order to hold the relative humidity variation to within2%. 4.2 Test equipment, relevant to the property tests agreed by the interested
24、 parties, complying with the relevant International Standard test method, if any, or with another appropriate standard test method. 4.3 Desiccator, or other preconditioner, maintained at 10 % to 35 % relative humidity. 5 Sampling When possible, sampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 18
25、6.BS 6388-3:1996 2 BSI 11-1998 6 Preparation of test specimens Select and prepare five sets of test specimens in accordance with the relevant International Standard, if any, or another standard method relevant to the required test. Protect the test specimens from light. Avoid handling the specimens
26、with bare hands and avoid their undue exposure to the atmosphere of a chemical laboratory. NOTE 2It is convenient to cut the test specimens over-size and then cut them to their correct size after ageing has been completed. 7 Heat treatment Treatment shall be carried out in the dark. Without bending
27、or folding, suspend four of the five sets of test specimens (clause 6) in ageing vessels (described in 4.1) in the oil bath, or in a climatized cabinet. Circulate air at the rate of (50 25) ml/min at (80 0,5) C and (65 2) % relative humidity through each of the ageing vessels immersed in the constan
28、t-temperature bath. Remove a set of test specimens after (24 0,25) h, (48 0,5) h, (72 0,75) h and(144 1,5) h exposure to heat treatment. NOTE 3By agreement between vendor and purchaser, all of these specified exposure times may be used and the data plotted, or the data from only one exposure time ta
29、ken and compared with the control. NOTE 4The ageing vessel or cabinet should not contain more than one type of paper at any time, in order to prevent possible contamination by distillation or sublimation of products. NOTE 5A suitable rack, made for example of stainless-steel wire, may be used to sus
30、pend the test specimens in the ageing vessels. By this means, two tiers of test specimens may be suspended in ageing vessels of the size suggested in annex A. While this treatment is being carried out, keep a fifth set of untreated test specimens in the dark. 8 Preconditioning and conditioning 8.1 O
31、n completion of the moist heat treatment in accordance with clause 7, precondition the treated and untreated sets of test specimens as prescribed in ISO 187, and store in a desiccator (4.3) until tested. 8.2 On completion of the preconditioning treatment(8.1), transfer both the treated and untreated
32、 sets of test specimens to an atmosphere in accordance with ISO 187 and condition for atleast4h, and preferably overnight. 9 Property testing Test each of the specimens for the properties previously determined to be appropriate for the type of paper or board being evaluated (see clause 1). Use the r
33、elevant International Standard, if any, or any other appropriate standard method. 10 Expression of results The following are some of the ways that the data may be presented. a) Record the means and standard deviations of the test data for the aged and unaged test specimens. b) Where the units of mea
34、surement allow, calculate the retention of the property, expressed as a percentage of the unaged value. Retentions may be plotted. NOTE 6When the fold test is used as a measure of the resistance to ageing, it is recommended that the percentage retention be calculated from the number of double folds
35、recorded before and after ageing and not the folding endurance (logarithm to the base 10 of the fold number). c) A statistical test for significance of change in property due to accelerated ageing may be made. 11 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to th
36、is part of ISO 5630, i.e.ISO5360-1:1996; b) reference to the International Standard, if any, or any other standard test method used to determine the properties of the material; c) all the indications necessary for complete identification of the sample; d) the time, temperature and relative humidity
37、of the ageing treatment; e) the mean value and standard deviation of the test results of the relevant property determinations of the untreated test specimens; f) the mean value and standard deviation of the test results of the relevant property determinations of the treated test specimens; g) any ot
38、her treatment of data agreed upon between vendor and purchaser; h) any deviation from the relevant International Standards or other standards used, or any circumstances or influences which might have affected the test results; i) date and place of testing.BS 6388-3:1996 BSI 11-1998 3 Annex A (inform
39、ative) Apparatus for moist heat treatment This apparatus allows a high degree of control of temperature and relative humidity and is therefore the preferred system. Two oil baths are required. An immersion heater in each bath, controlled by a relay box and thermoregulator, is used to maintain the te
40、mperature within 0,1 C of the required value. NOTE 7The required relative humidity is deemed to have been achieved if the temperature can be shown to have been maintained to within 0,1 C. The oil should be continuously circulated in each bath by means of an immersion-type pump to ensure uniform temp
41、erature. In the first bath, which is maintained at 69,7 C (thevapour pressure of water at 69,7 C is 65 % of the vapour pressure at 80 C), air is saturated with water vapour in tandem fritted glass bubblers. This air is passed through a heated (to prevent condensation) glass or stable plastic tube to
42、 an ageing vessel in the second bath maintained at80C. The air should be passed through a coil of glass tubing in the bath held at 80 C, preferably wrapped around the ageing vessel, in order to ensure the air has reached 80 C before entering the ageing vessel. Humidifying vessels of height 250 mm an
43、d diameter60 mm have been found to be satisfactory. Ageing vessels of height 300 mm and diameter60mm with a standard 60/50 taper joint have been found suitable, but vessels of any convenient size may be used. The system is shown schematically in Figure A.1. Figure A.2 shows a typical apparatus. Figu
44、re A.1 Schematic diagram of moist-heat-treatment apparatusBS 6388-3:1996 4 BSI 11-1998 Figure A.2 Typical apparatus for moist heat treatmentBS 6388-3:1996 BSI 11-1998 5 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 1 CARDWELL, R.D. Ageing of paper, Doctoral thesis, NY State College of Forestry, Syracuse, NY, U
45、SA,1973. 2 LUNER, P. Paper permanence. Tappi, 52, 1969:796-805. 3 GRAMINSKI, E.L., PARKS, E.J. and TOTH, E.E. The effects of temperature and moisture on the accelerated ageing of paper. ACS Symposium Series No. 95, Durability of Macromolecular Materials, R.K. Eby (Ed.), 1979. 4 GRAMINSKI, E.L., PARK
46、S, E.J. and TOTH, E.E. The effects of temperature and moisture on the accelerated ageing of paper. NBSIR 78-1443, Report to the National Archives and Records Service. Available from: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA 22151, USA. 5 BANSA, H. and HOFER, H.H. Die Ausagekraf
47、t einer knstlichen Alterung von Papier fr Prognosen ber seine Benutzbarkeit. Restaurator, 6 (1, 2), 1984:21-60. 6 BANSA, H. and HOFER, H.H. Die Beschreibung der Benutzbarkeitsqualitt gealterter Papiere in Bibliotheken und Archiven. Das Papier, 34 (8), 1980:348-355.6 blankBS 6388-3:1996 BSI 11-1998 L
48、ist of references See national foreword.BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
49、 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our produc
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