1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6405:1984 Specification for Non-calibrated short link steel chain (grade30) for general engineering purposes: class 1 and 2 UDC 672.61:669.14.018.295.2BS6405:1984 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee, was
2、 published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes into effecton 31 January 1984 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MEE/12 Draft for comment 82/77634 DC ISBN 0 580 13450 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The prepa
3、ration of this British Standard was entrusted by the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee (MEE/-) to Technical Committee MEE/12 upon which the following bodies were represented: Associated Offices Technical Committee British Chain Manufacturers Association British Ports Association and the Nat
4、ional Association of Ports Employers British Railways Board Chain Testers Association of Great Britain Corporation of Trinity House Department of Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Department of Trade (Marine Division) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and M
5、aterials Users Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Federation of Wire Rope Manufacturers of Great Britain Health and Safety Executive Ministry of Defence National Association of Drop Forgers and Stampers National Co
6、al Board Coopted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS6405:1984 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Dimensions 1 4 Material and manufacture 5 5 Mechanical properties 6 6 Marking 6 7 Test
7、 certificate 8 Appendix A Recommendations for use, care and maintenance of chains 9 Appendix B Proof force test 9 Appendix C Calculation of minimum breaking force, proof force and maximumservice load 9 Appendix D Static tensile test 10 Figure 1 Material and weld tolerances 4 Figure 2 Chain and link
8、dimensions 5 Figure 3 Measurement of ultimate permanent elongation at fracture 11 Table 1 Dimensions 2 Table 2 Sulphur and phosphorus content of steel 5 Table 3 Breaking force, proof force and maximum service load 7 Table 4 Size of mark for class 1 chain 7 Table 5 Calculation of test forces and maxi
9、mum service load 9 Table 6 Gauge lengths 10 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS6405:1984 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Mechanical Engineering Standards Committee to meet the needs of industry for a standard to replace BS590:1949,
10、which is withdrawn. This standard deals with non-calibrated short link steel chain of grade30 for general engineering purposes and provides for two qualities, class1 quality chain for arduous duties such as lashing or load binding and class2 quality chain for general duties. Notwithstanding the usag
11、e permitted by the withdrawn BS590, chain produced to this standard is not considered suitable for lifting purposes. This recognizes the lack of suitable compatible connecting components, such as hooks, and the trend, in lifting operations, towards the use of higher tensile strength steels for chain
12、 and other components as reflected by international standards and British Standards. Calibrated chain has not been included in this standard because of the wide variation in the design of pocketed wheels for use with this grade of chain, which makes it impractical to standardize the proportions of t
13、he chain links. For chain for lifting applications, reference should be made to BS4942-1 to BS4942-6. In view of the purposes for which chain complying with the requirements of this standard may be used and the importance of reliability, the opportunity has been taken to update some requirements, in
14、cluding those for material and heat treatment in such a way that the chain maker may best benefit from technological advances in steel-making and chain production. For example, no precise steel specification is given but, in accordance with the philosophy on performance standards of the internationa
15、l committee ISO/TC111, Round steel link chains, lifting hooks and accessories, responsibility for the choice of steel is vested in the chain maker, subject only to certain general requirements and the restriction of the use of rimming steels to the manufacture of class2 chain only. It should also be
16、 noted that, in defining the mechanical properties of the finished chain, the ratio of maximum service load to proof force to minimum breaking force of 1:2:4, used in international standards and British Standards for lifting chain of grade M (4) and higher, has been adopted for the heat-treated and
17、tested class1 chain. In the case of class2 chain which may, at the discretion of the chain maker, be supplied in the non-heat-treated condition, the corresponding ratio1:2:5 previously specified in BS590 has been retained. Only class1 chain is to be marked with the quality grade mark “30”. Attention
18、 is drawn to Appendix A which gives recommendations for the use, care and maintenance of chains. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard doe
19、s not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. Th
20、is will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6405:1984 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for non-calibrated electrically welded round steel short link chains, grade30, for general engineering purposes in a range of sizes from5.5mm to40mm. T
21、wo classes of chain are covered, i.e. class 1: for arduous duties class 2: for general duties Chain produced to this standard is not considered suitable for lifting applications. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For th
22、e purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 2.1 size (d n ) nominal diameter of the steel wire or bar from which the chain is made 2.2 material diameter (d) diameter of the material in the chain link, as measured 2.3 proof force (F e ) force to which, after processing (see2.
23、7), the whole of the chain is subjected, as specified in4.4 2.4 breaking force (F m ) maximum force that the chain withstands during the course of a static tensile test to destruction (see5.1) 2.5 maximum service load maximum tensile load to which the chain is to be subjected in service 2.6 ultimate
24、 permanent elongation extension at the point of fracture of the chain, expressed as a percentage of the gauge length (see5.2) 2.7 processing any treatment of the chain subsequent to welding, e.g.heat treatment, polishing or protective coating 2.8 lot specified length of chain from which a test sampl
25、e is selected (seeD.2) 3 Dimensions 3.1 Size. The size of chain, d n , shall be one of the sizes given in Table 1. 3.2 Material diameter. The material diameter, d, of any section of a finished link, which shall comply with the size given in Table 1 within stated tolerances, shall be the mean of two
26、measurements of the section at right angles in the same plane. The measurements shall be made away from the weld. 3.3 Tolerances 3.3.1 Tolerance on material diameter. For sizes up to18mm the diameter, d, of the material in the finished link shall nowhere differ from the nominal diameter by more than
27、%, except at the weld. For sizes18mm and over, the diameter, d, of the material in the finished link shall nowhere differ from the nominal diameter by more than 5%, except at the weld. 3.3.2 Tolerances at the weld. The dimension of the steel at the weld, d wand G, shall nowhere be less than the diam
28、eter d of the steel adjacent to the weld, or exceed it by more than the following tolerances in the directions given (see Figure 1 and Table 1): a) type 1: 10% of the nominal diameter in any direction; b) type 2: 20% of the nominal diameter in any direction; c) type 3: 20% of the nominal diameter in
29、 the direction perpendicular to the plane of the link and35% in other planes. NOTEType 1 weld eliminates functional problems such as kinking or locking by severely limiting the weld oversize to10% of the nominal diameter. Both types2 and3 welds ensure freedom from these hazards by limiting the overs
30、ize beyond the10% allowed under type1 to certain areas of the link only (see Figure 1) thus providing clearance where required. 3.3.3 Area affected dimensionally by welding. The area affected dimensionally by welding (designated e in Figure 1) shall not extend by more than0.6d non either side of the
31、 centre of the link (see Figure 1) for types1 and3 welds, and by more than0.3d nfor type2 welds. 3.4 Length and width. The length and width of the links shall be as given in Table 1 and as designated in Figure 2.2 + 6 BS6405:1984 2 BSI 07-1999 Table 1 Dimensions (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) N
32、ominal size, d n Diameter tolerance, (d d n ) Maximum tolerance at the weld Outside link length, l, limits Outside link width away from weld, w, max. (3.5d n ) Inside link width away from weld, w 1 , min. (1.25d n ) Type 1 (d w d) Types 2 and 3 (d w d) Type 3 (G d) Max. (5d n ) Min. (4.75d n ) 5.5 0
33、.55 1.1 1.95 28 26 19 6.9 6 0.6 1.2 2.1 30 28 21 7.5 6.5 0.65 1.3 2.3 33 31 23 8.2 7 0.7 1.4 2.45 35 33 25 8.8 7.5 0.75 1.5 2.65 38 36 26 9.4 8 0.8 1.6 2.8 40 38 28 10 8.5 0.85 1.7 3.0 43 40 30 10.7 9 0.9 1.8 3.15 45 43 32 11.3 9.5 0.95 1.9 3.35 48 45 33 11.9 10 1.0 2.0 3.5 50 47 35 12.5 10.5 1.05 2
34、.1 3.7 53 50 37 13.2 11 1.1 2.2 3.85 55 52 39 13.8 11.5 1.15 2.3 4.05 58 55 40 14.4 12 1.2 2.4 4.2 60 57 42 15 12.5 1.25 2.5 4.4 63 59 44 15.7 13 1.3 2.6 4.55 65 62 46 16.3 14 1.4 2.8 4.9 70 66 49 18 15 1.5 3.0 5.25 75 71 53 19 16 1.6 3.2 5.6 80 76 56 200.11 + 0.33 0.12 + 0.36 0.13 + 0.39 0.14 + 0.4
35、2 0.15 + 0.45 0.16 + 0.48 0.17 + 0.51 0.18 + 0.54 0.19 + 0.57 0.20 + 0.60 0.21 + 0.63 0.22 + 0.66 0.23 + 0.69 0.24 + 0.72 0.25 + 0.75 0.26 + 0.78 0.28 + 0.84 0.30 + 0.90 0.32 + 0.96 BS6405:1984 BSI 07-1999 3Table 1 Dimensions (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Nominal size, d n Diameter tolerance,
36、(d d n ) Maximum tolerance at the weld Outside link length, l, limits Outside link width away from weld, w, max. (3.5d n ) Inside link width away from weld, w 1 , min. (1.25d n ) Type 1 (d w d) Types 2 and 3 (d w d) Type 3 (G d) Max. (5d n ) Min. (4.75d n ) 17 1.7 3.4 5.95 85 81 60 22 18 0.90 1.8 3.
37、6 6.3 90 85 63 23 19 0.95 1.9 3.8 6.65 95 90 67 24 20 1.0 2.0 4.0 7.0 100 95 70 25 22 1.1 2.2 4.4 7.7 110 104 77 28 24 1.2 2.4 4.8 8.4 120 114 84 30 26 1.3 2.6 5.2 9.1 130 123 91 33 28 1.4 2.8 5.6 9.8 140 133 98 35 30 1.5 3.0 6.0 10.5 150 142 105 38 32 1.6 3.2 6.4 11.2 160 152 112 40 34 1.7 3.4 6.8
38、11.9 170 161 119 43 36 1.8 3.6 7.2 12.6 180 171 126 45 38 1.9 3.8 7.6 13.3 190 180 133 48 40 2.0 4.0 8.0 14.0 200 190 140 50 NOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres. NOTE 2For explanation of symbols, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2.0.34 + 1.02 BS6405:1984 4 BSI 07-1999 Figure 1 Material and weld tole
39、rancesBS6405:1984 BSI 07-1999 5 4 Material and manufacture 4.1 Quality of material 4.1.1 General. The steel used shall be produced by the open hearth or electric process or by the oxygen blown process. In its finished state as supplied to the chain maker, the steel shall be in accordance with Table
40、2, as determined by check analysis on the rod, wire or finished link. NOTEIt is the responsibility of the chain maker to select steel of reliable welding quality and such that the finished chain meets the mechanical properties specified in this standard. Table 2 Sulphur and phosphorus contentofsteel
41、 4.1.2 Class 1. Class 1 chain shall be manufactured from killed steel. 4.1.3 Class 2. Class 2 chain shall be manufactured from any type of steel but if a rimmed steel is used, it shall have a maximum nitrogen content of0.007% to allow the manufacture of chain stabilized against strain age embrittlem
42、ent during service. 4.1.4 Analysis. The chain maker shall be prepared to supply a copy of the steel makers cast analysis. NOTE 1The cast analysis will only be supplied when specifically requested by the purchaser. The chain maker shall be prepared to supply a check analysis of the steel. When such a
43、n analysis is carried out, it shall be made from cuttings taken from a complete transverse section of a link selected from a length tested to destruction. NOTE 2This check analysis will only be supplied when specifically requested by the purchaser. NOTE 3When comparing an analysis of the steel in th
44、e chain (check analysis) with the steel makers analysis, allowance should be made for the heterogeneity of the steel. 4.2 Heat treatment NOTESee also D.2 concerning heat treatment of test samples. 4.2.1 Class 1. Class 1 chain shall, before being subjected to the proof force (see4.4), be normalized b
45、y heating to a temperature within50 C above the upper critical point of the steel used followed by air cooling. 4.2.2 Class 2. Class 2 chain shall be supplied either heat-treated as specified in4.2.1 or without heat treatment. 4.3 Manufacture 4.3.1 Workmanship. The weld, or welds, shall be either sm
46、ooth (types 1 and 2) or asymmetric (type 3) and shall be positioned in the centre of one or both legs of the link (see Figure 1). The weld metal shall nowhere be displaced so as to undercut the contours of the link. 4.3.2 Finish 4.3.2.1 Smooth welded chain. Any fins produced during manufacture shall
47、 be removed and the weld shall be smoothly finished all round. 4.3.2.2 Asymmetric welded chain. Any fins produced during manufacture shall be removed from the outside of the link surface, leaving the projection on the inside and thus forming a smooth exterior asymmetric weld. Figure 2 Chain and link
48、 dimensions Cast analysis, max. Check analysis, max. % % Sulphur Phosphorus 0.045 0.040 0.050 0.045BS6405:1984 6 BSI 07-1999 4.4 Proof force. After heat treatment, if any, and complete processing, the chain shall be subjected to the appropriate proof force given in Table 3 in accordance with the met
49、hod described in Appendix B and shall then articulate freely when manipulated and shall still comply with the dimensional requirements of clause3. Any faulty links shall be replaced (see4.5). 4.5 Links inserted in the course of manufacture. Any links that have been inserted shall be processed using the methods applied to the remainder of the chain to ensure that every link in the finished chain is in a uniform condition. Where links have been inserted after proof loading (see4.4), th
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