BS 6483-1-1984 Fertilizer distributors - Methods of evaluating performance under laboratory and field conditions《化肥撒肥机 第1部分 在实验室和田间条件下性能评估方法》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6483-1: 1984 ISO 5690-1: 1982 Fertilizer distributors Part 1: Methods of evaluating performance under laboratory and field conditions ISO title: Equipment for distributing fertilizers Test methods Part 1: Full width fertilizer distributors UDC 631.333BS6483-1:1984 This British St

2、andard, having been prepared under the directionof the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Committee, was published under the authority ofthe Board of BSI and comesintoeffect on 30 March 1984 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee referenc

3、e AGE/27 Draft for comment 81/73933 DC ISBN 0 580 13773 2 Committees responsible The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Committee (AGE/-) to Technical Committee AGE/27 upon which the following bodies were represented: Agricultura

4、l Engineers Association British Agricultural and Garden Machinery Association Ltd. British Agrochemicals Association Health and Safety Executive Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union National Institute of Agricultural Engineering United Kingdom Agricultural Supply Trade

5、Association Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS6483-1:1984 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope and field of application 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions 1 4 General test Conditions 1

6、5 Mandatory tests 2 6 Results 4 7 Test report 5 Annex A Determination of physical properties of fertilizers 8 Annex B Optional tests 8 Annex C Example of a test report on a full width fertilizer distributor 9 National appendix A 14 Figure 1 Example of a fertilizer collecting container for fertilizer

7、 distributor tests 6 Figure 2 Example of arrangement of a protective net over the containers to protect against ricochet 7 Figure 3 Example of schematic showing evenness of transverse distribution 7 Figure 4 Example of flow test schematic 7 Table Programming of mobile tests 4 Publications referred t

8、o Inside back coverBS6483-1:1984 ii BSI 12-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Committee. It is identical with ISO5690-1:1982 “Equipment for distributing fertilizers Test methods Part 1: Full width

9、fertilizer distributors” published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as a British Standard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not

10、identical with those used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following. The comma has been used as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker. Wherever the words “this part of ISO5690” appear, referr

11、ing to this standard, they should be read as “this Part of this British Standard”. The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO339-0, ISO3789, ISO5698, ISO5699 and ISO7424, to which reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this

12、 standard. There is no corresponding British Standard for ISO565, but BS410 “Specification for test sieves” is related. Additional information. The proposed text of an amendment to Annex A is given inNational appendix A. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of

13、a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International Standards Corresponding British Standards ISO 500:1979 BS 5861:1980 Specification for rea

14、r-mounted power take-offs on agricultural tractors (Technically equivalent) ISO 3534:1977 BS 5532:1978 Statistics Vocabulary and symbols (Identical) ISO 3944:1980 BS 5551 Fertilizers Part 3.1:1981 Method for the determination of bulk density (loose) (Identical) Summary of pages This document compris

15、es a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6483-1:1984 BSI 12-199

16、9 1 0 Introduction The aim of this part of ISO5690 is to harmonize testing of full width solid fertilizer distributors first to fix the variable conditions of laboratory testing, and second to give guidance for the field testing conditions. The laboratory test will describe the influence of forward

17、speed, flow rate, fertilizer level in hoppers, bumps and transverse tilting. Optional field tests (seeAnnex B) will complete the laboratory tests by describing the influence of slope and the condition of the ground as well as the wind. 1 Scope and field of application This part of ISO5690 specifies

18、a test method for equipment for full width distribution of solid fertilizers and applies to agricultural full width fertilizer distributors. NOTEEquipment designed for distributing microgranular pesticides or herbicides is excluded. Part 2 of ISO 5690 deals with distributors of fertilizers in lines.

19、 (See ISO 3339-0 for the classification.) 2 References ISO 500, Agricultural tractors Power take-off and drawbar Specification. ISO 565, Test sieves Woven metal wire cloth, perforated plate and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openings 1) . ISO 3339-0, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and

20、forestry Classification and terminology Part 0: Classification system and classification. ISO 3534, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols. ISO 3789, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Location and method of operation of operators controls Part 1: Common c

21、ontrols 2) Part2:Controls for agricultural tractors and machinery 2) . ISO 3944, Fertilizers Determination of bulk density (loose). ISO 5698, Agricultural machinery Hoppers Manual loading height. ISO 5699, Agricultural machines, implements and equipment Dimensions for mechanical loading with bulk go

22、ods. ISO 7424, Agricultural wheeled tractors and rear mounted implements Code numbering system. 3 Definitions The definitions relating to the distribution of fertilizers will be covered in ISO3339-5. For the purpose of this part of ISO 5690, the following definition applies. application rate (of fer

23、tilizer) the quantity, expressed as mass or volume, of fertilizer distributed per unit length or unit area 4 General test conditions NOTEThe manufacturer or his representative shall be entitled to be present at the tests. 4.1 Fertilizer distributor 4.1.1 Selection The fertilizer distributor to be su

24、bmitted to testing may be selected by the representative of the test station in agreement with the manufacturer. The fertilizer distributor shall, in every regard, be strictly in accordance with the specifications which the manufacturer is required to send to the test station in writing. The test re

25、port (seeAnnex C) shall specify how the distributor to be tested has been selected. 4.1.2 Manufacturers instructions The distributor shall be used in accordance with the instructions given in the manufacturers users handbook, to avoid in particular the use of fertilizers which are specified as not s

26、uitable for the machine. Any restrictions of this kind should be specified in the test report. 4.1.3 Checking of specifications During the checking of specifications, the distributor shall rest on a solid horizontal surface. 4.2 Fertilizer 4.2.1 Types of fertilizer used for the tests Carry out, unle

27、ss indicated otherwise by the manufacturer of the machine (comment in the test report), each of the performance tests with the following types of fertilizer: type a: a powdered fertilizer; type b: a granular fertilizer; type c: a crystalline or prilled fertilizer; type d: optionally, any other ferti

28、lizer which the test station considers of sufficient importance and whose physical properties differ from those of the fertilizers mentioned above. 1) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of ISO 565:1972.) 2) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of ISO 3789:1976.)BS6483-1:1984 2 BSI 12

29、-1999 4.2.2 Physical properties of the fertilizer Determine the physical properties of the fertilizer used in the tests: particle size, (loose) bulk density, water content, angle of repose. (SeeAnnex A.) These values shall be noted in the test report. 4.3 Filling of distributor Insert the fertilizer

30、 in accordance with the specifications of the manufacturer of the distributor into the hopper immediately prior to testing so that there is no time for settling or consolidation. 4.4 Execution of tests The tests shall be carried out on an even, horizontal and hard surface, either indoors or out of d

31、oors. In the case of outdoor testing, for mandatory tests, the wind speed shall not exceed2m/s; for optional tests, the wind speed shall not exceed7m/s. If the tests are carried out on concrete or on the ground, precautions shall be taken to avoid ricochet. The p.t.o. rotational frequency shall be t

32、hat for which the distributor is designed. The p.t.o. rotational frequency on the tractor shall be in accordance with ISO500. If the manufacturer provides differing instructions, the rotational frequency used shall be mentioned in the test report. Prior to testing, check the p.t.o. rotational freque

33、ncy. The forward speed at which runs are made shall be constant. The forward speeds for testing are8km/h or15km/h according to the choice of the manufacturer, except for tests on the effect of forward speeds. The distributing mechanism shall be at the same height, above the fertilizer collecting rec

34、eptacles (for example the upper edge of the containers), as that recommended by the manufacturer for work above ground or crop. 4.5 Distributing application rates a) powdered fertilizers: 600kg/ha and maximum and minimum quantities currently used in agricultural practice for this type of fertilizer;

35、 b) granular fertilizer: 400 kg/ha and maximum and minimum quantities currently used in agricultural practice for this type of fertilizer; c) crystalline or prilled fertilizer: 150kg/ha and maximum and minimum quantities currently used in agricultural practice for this type of fertilizer. The transv

36、erse tests for evenness shall be carried out at rates a), b), c), and with the maximum quantity and the minimum quantity as shown by the manufacturer in the features of the equipment. The longitudinal tests shall also be carried out with rates a), b), and c). 4.6 Devices for receiving fertilizer The

37、 collecting containers shall have external dimensions of either1000mm 250mm, or500mm 500mm and shall have a minimum depth of150mm. However, for full width distributors only containers of1000 250mm shall be used. Measures shall be taken to avoid spillage by ricochet out of the containers, such as int

38、erlocking inserts for dividing the containers into cells of dimensions50mm 50mm with a height not exceeding half the height of the container (seeFigure 1); net (seeFigure 2) unstretched and draped over the containers. 5 Mandatory tests 3) 5.1 Evenness of transverse distribution 5.1.1 Arrangement of

39、containers Containers (see4.6) placed side by side with their edges parallel to the ground surface shall cover the total distributing width so that their longitudinal axis is parallel to the forward axis of the distributor. If it is necessary to allow spaces between the containers for the passage of

40、 tractor wheels, these shall be as small as possible and shall be a multiple of the width of a container. 5.1.2 Procedure Carry out the test at8km/h or15km/h with a half-full hopper but with a quantity of fertilizer not exceeding2t. Distribute each quantity envisaged (see4.5) in at least two runs wi

41、thout intermedial weighing so as to eliminate the influence of lengthwise distribution unevenness. The number of runs shall be sufficient so that the amount collected by a container allows weighing with a minimum accuracy of1%(0,1gper10g). Successive runs shall be perfectly coincident with each othe

42、r. The number of runs and the quantities distributed shall be mentioned in the test report. Weigh the fertilizer collected in each container. 5.1.3 Tilt (to simulate transverse imbalance) Repeat the previous test in the case of trailed equipment by mounting one of the wheels of the distributor, on t

43、o moving rollers raised100mm; 3) For the optional tests, seeAnnex B.BS6483-1:1984 BSI 12-1999 3 in the case of mounted equipment, by mounting one of the wheels of the tractor on to moving rollers in order to give a lateral inclination of7% (in the case of adjustable track widths, use the maximum set

44、ting). 5.2 Evenness of longitudinal distribution 5.2.1 Arrangement of containers 5.2.1.1 Case of full width distributors Arrange the containers side by side in five rows10m long so that their longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the forward axis of the distributor. These five rows are arranged as f

45、ollows: one on the axis of the distributor; two to the right and two to the left of the axis so that the outer edge of the outer row is located at the end of the theoretical working width given by the manufacturer and the middle row is at the same distance from the outside row as from the centre row

46、. In order to limit the number of containers to be used, each side may be tested in succession. With trailed distributors with a small spacing between wheels, the centre row can be dispensed with. The two intermediate rows are then placed as close as possible to the run of the outer edges of the tyr

47、es. 5.2.1.2 Case of centrifugal distributors A single row of containers is necessary. This row is located between the wheels of the distributor and/or of the tractor, or, in the case of a narrow-tracked trailed distributor, on the outside of the wheels but as near as possible to the run of the outer

48、 edges of the tyre. 5.2.2 Procedure Distribute each quantity envisaged (see4.5) in a single run. 5.2.3 Effect of forward speed Carry out this test for distributors fitted with a dispersing mechanism which is land-wheel driven. Perform the test at8km/h or15km/h, and at the maximum speed shown by the

49、manufacturer, using the opening adjusted to the quantities envisaged (see5.5) and a half-filled hopper but with the quantity of fertilizer not exceeding2t. 5.2.4 Effect of bumps (mandatory for trailed distributors and optional for mounted distributors) Repeat the test conditions (see5.2.3) with only the speeds of8km/h or15km/h and maximum. Place in the path of the trailer, or the tractor if the equipment is mounted, and perpendicular to the axis of displacement, an obstacle200mm long, and80mm high prec