BS 6574-1985 Guide to training of mechanics concerned with the operation and maintenance of earth-moving machinery《有关运土机械的操作和维护技术培训指南》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED FEBRUARY1993 BS 6574:1985 ISO 8152:1984 Guide to Training of mechanics concerned with the operation and maintenance of earth-moving machinery ISO title: Earth-moving machinery Operation and maintenance Training of mechanics UDC 624.132:621.878/.879:658.386BS6574:1985 This

2、British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Road EngineeringStandards Committee, was published underthe authority of theBoardofBSI and comesintoeffecton 31January1985 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference RDB/21 Draft f

3、or comment 83/14428 DC ISBN 0 580 14277 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Road Engineering Standards Committee (RDB/-) to Technical Committee RDB/21, upon which the following bodies were represented: Associated Offices Te

4、chnical Committee Construction Industry Training Board Construction Plant-hire Association Department of Trade and Industry (Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Division) Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes Health and Safety

5、Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Highways and Transportation Ministry of Defence National Coal Board Coopted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS6574:1985 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National fo

6、reword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope and field of application 1 2 References 1 3 Structure of training programmes 1 4 Basic training First year (or as appropriate) 2 5 General training Second and third years (or as appropriate) 4 6 Optional advanced training Fourth year (or as appropriate) 5 7 Further

7、 career development and refresher courses 6 8 Certification of completion of training course 6 9 Training monitoring record chart 6 Annex A Typical training monitoring record chart Power train skills inventory (wheeled machines) 7 Publications referred to Inside back coverBS6574:1985 ii BSI 10-1999

8、National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Road Engineering Standards Committee and is identical with ISO8152:1984 “Earth-moving machinery Operation and maintenance Training of mechanics” published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

9、 Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as a British Standard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following.

10、 Wherever the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “British Standard”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance

11、with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International Standards Corresponding British Standards ISO 4510:1976 BS 5485:1977 Specification for maintenance and adjustment tools for earth-moving machinery (Identical) ISO 6012:1982 BS 5635:1982

12、Recommendations for service instrumentation of earth-moving machinery (Identical) ISO 6165:1978 BS 5718:1979 Glossary of terms for basic types of earth-moving machinery (Identical) ISO 6750:1984 BS 6228:1985 Guide to format and content of manuals on operation and maintenance for earth-moving machine

13、ry (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment tabl

14、e on the inside front cover.BS6574:1985 BSI 10-1999 1 0 Introduction This International Standard is intended as a guide to the training of mechanics. It has been assumed that candidates for training possess a sufficiently sound general education with suitable bias towards workshop practice and the u

15、se of tools, and that they are sufficiently mature to benefit from the training. In selecting potential trainees account needs to be taken not only of ability, but also of physical and mental toughness, since the maintenance of machinery is arduous and skilful work, which, particularly when carried

16、out in poor site conditions, can require a high degree of medical fitness. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard describes the training of mechanics appropriate for earth-moving machinery. It does not specify any procedure for assessing proficiency or competence, since these f

17、actors are usually covered by local and national practices and regulations. This International Standard is not intended to override any applicable national regulations or standards. It applies to all earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO6165. 2 References ISO 4510, Earth-moving machinery Maintena

18、nce and adjustment tools. ISO 6012, Earth-moving machinery Service instrumentation. ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Vocabulary. ISO 6750, Earth-moving machinery Operation and maintenance Format and content of manuals. 3 Structure of training programmes 3.1 General The minimum normal tra

19、ining period should be relevant to national practice and local conditions, but preferably should not be less than three years, with an optional fourth year when appropriate for more advanced or specialized training. It is often an advantage, in deciding the training for an individual trainee or grou

20、p of trainees, if the length of the course can be decided before training commences, particularly relative to the nature and content if a fourth year of training is contemplated. 3.2 Safety Throughout training, it must continually be emphasized that one of the most important aspects of machine opera

21、tion and servicing is safety. Safety precautions must be integrated into every aspect of the training course and should include the understanding and application of local and national safety regulations; responsibilities in connection with safety measures, accident prevention, fire hazards and perso

22、nal hygiene, together with the necessity of using machinery guards and shields, and personal protective equipment and safety clothing for eyes, head, ears and feet; precautions to be observed when operating earth-moving equipment and attachments, and the safe and proper handling of all hydraulic too

23、ls, air tools, special tools and equipment; safe methods of lifting by hand and the use of mechanical and hydraulic handling equipment; safe handling and storage of liquids and solvents (particularly those which are flammable), including oils, fuels, and acids; location of master switches and method

24、s of immobilizing machinery, including all types of earth-moving base machines and equipment; dangers associated with high pressure systems; safe method of dismantling wheels and the use of a protective cage during inflation of tyres and hydro-inflation, etc. 3.3 Periods of training In accordance wi

25、th3.1, the periods of training described below should be regarded only as typical, and the actual durations should be chosen to conform to national practice and local conditions. 3.3.1 Selection and probationary period Selection should be made from candidates who have received a sound general educat

26、ion, including a practical background in the elementary use of hand tools. Theoretical attainment during their education should be adequate to enable them to undertake the technical instruction inherent in the training course. The initial three months of the first year of training should, wherever p

27、ossible, be regarded as a probationary period. 3.3.2 Basic training (suggested duration: oneyear) (see clause4) Basic training should include use of hand tools and simple machine tools as applied to maintenance and servicing requirements, elementary metrology and the interpretation of simple drawing

28、s.BS6574:1985 2 BSI 10-1999 3.3.3 General training (suggested duration: two years) (see clause 5) This period provides the main general training and should include the necessary more advanced instruction in machine operation, scheduled servicing, routine repairs and maintenance on sites, for the com

29、mon groups of earth-moving machinery. Instruction in simple report writing, sketching, etc., should be given. 3.3.4 Optional advanced training (suggested duration: one year) (see clause6) This optional further period of training should only be undertaken following successful completion of the basic

30、and general periods of training. It should cover more detailed and advanced instruction on one or more groups of machines to improve the trainees ability and level of knowledge, so that he may be capable of carrying out major site and workshop repairs and overhauls. Where it is known that a trainee

31、undertaking a general period of training intends, and is capable of, undertaking an advanced period of training, it may be appropriate to bias his general training accordingly. 3.3.5 Further career development and refresher courses (see clause7) The further development of maintenance abilities can o

32、nly be achieved from the experience gained by working under normal site conditions and under adequate supervision. This is a continuing process and most training experience must, of necessity, fall within this activity. No specific programme is included in this International Standard, since it must

33、depend upon local conditions and requirements. In addition, specialized courses on a “module” basis (see clause7) should be made available for attendance by maintenance personnel throughout their working life. 3.4 Method of training and location The categories of workshop referred to in this Interna

34、tional Standard are as follows: a) training workshop, devoted solely to basic training in initial skills to enable the trainee to gain maximum benefit while working in a normal operational workshop; b) depot (or repair) workshop, permanently established to carry out major repairs and servicing on ma

35、chinery, as a support base for any number of independent sites; c) site maintenance workshop (or field workshop), established on an operational site to provide local servicing and first aid repair facilities appropriate to the scale of operations on that site. On large, long-term sites, these worksh

36、op facilities may approach the scale of a depot workshop. Wherever possible, all, or a proportion of, the first year training syllabus should be carried out in a recognized training workshop. Where this is not possible, the training should be undertaken in a depot or suitable site maintenance worksh

37、op under the direct control of recognized training supervisors. Training beyond the first year should normally be carried out on site or in a repair workshop. Technical training should be coordinated with, and given at, a recognized technical college or school, by attendance equivalent to preferably

38、 not less than40 working days per year during each year of the course (but not necessarily during the optional fourth year). 4 Basic training First year (or as appropriate) The scope of training during the first year is intended to introduce the candidate to the industry, with particular reference t

39、o mechanical machinery to familiarize him with the basic aspects and develop his interest to continue with benefit the subsequent years of instruction. The training content should be suitably balanced between lectures/demonstrations and practical work which may be carried out in a training establish

40、ment or, under suitable supervision, in a depot or site maintenance workshop. The actual training methods or training aids to be used are not specified in this International Standard, due to variation in local conditions and availability of equipment. The initial three months of training (and where

41、possible a longer period) should normally be regarded as a probationary period to establish the candidates aptitude for employment in the maintenance of earth-moving machinery. The content should, typically, include the following aspects, which are not listed in any sequential order of importance or

42、 timing.BS6574:1985 BSI 10-1999 3 4.1 Safety during maintenance Safe practices and accident prevention must be a constant feature during all instruction. This instruction should emphasize the concept of safety not only during the actual maintenance operation, but also the importance of that maintena

43、nce operation being carried out to a high standard, to ensure that the machine is safe during actual production operation. Particular care must be taken to discourage the adoption of unsafe habits during the initial training. Emphasis should be given to the various machine manuals, particularly thos

44、e relative to maintenance and operation, regarding safety messages and data, and attention should be drawn to safety signs on the machine, especially where recognized International Standards and/or symbols are used. The importance of maintenance of all safety devices, and visual and audible alarms,

45、in a high state of operational efficiency at all times, should be fully explained. 4.2 Familiarization with machinery The trainee should gain a general knowledge of as wide a range of types of machinery as possible, including their use and limitations (see ISO6165). He should also become acquainted

46、with operation of machinery relative to maintenance requirements and should watch skilled operators at work. He should also be introduced to the operator manual (see ISO6750). 4.3 Principles of basic mechanisms Elementary instruction in the working of basic mechanisms such as engine, transmission, g

47、ears, cooling and hydraulic systems, etc., should be given as soon as practicable, to enable the trainee to appreciate the significance of the maintenance and servicing instruction which he will be given during the first year of training. 4.4 Servicing machinery Full instruction should be given and

48、appropriate experience gained in general servicing of machinery with particular reference to the use of common types of lubricating devices and tools (see ISO4510), and the manufacturers special tools or aids. The trainee should become fully familiar with the following aspects: servicing procedures

49、and practices; machine operation; maintenance schedules and records; lubrication charts; use of maintenance and lubrication manuals (see ISO6750); correct and safe practices during maintenance and to ensure subsequent accident-free operation, for example, the necessity to exercise care when using flammable solvents such as cleaning fluids, etc., and the danger of welding on or near oil containers and pipes or greasy surfaces. Particular examples of the results of bad or inadequate servicing should be given. 4.5 B