BS 6604-1985 Code of practice for safe operation of starter batteries《起动器蓄电池安全操作实用规程》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED SEPTEMBER1993 BS 6604:1985 Code of practice for Safe operation of starter batteries UDC 621.43.044.7:621.355.2+621.355.8BS6604:1985 This British Standard, havingbeen prepared under thedirection of the Light Electrical Engineering StandardsCommittee, was published under the

2、 authority ofthe Board of BSI and comesintoeffect on 28 June 1985 BSI 12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference LEL/12 Draft for comment 82/22903 DC ISBN 0 580 14518 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British

3、 Standard was entrusted by the Light Electrical Engineering Standards Committee (LEL/-) to Technical Committee LEL/12 upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Manufacturers Allied to the Electrical and Electronic Industry(BEAMA Ltd.) British Battery Makers Society British Ind

4、ustrial Truck Association British Railways Board British Telecommunications Electric Battery Manufacturers Association Electric Vehicle Association of Great Britain Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Health and Safety Executive Institute of Wastes Management London

5、 Transport Executive Ministry of Defence Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Coopted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS6604:1985 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 1. General 1 Scope 1 2

6、Definitions 1 Section 2. Aspects of safety and conditions of use 3 Electrolyte 2 4 Electrical energy 2 5 Evolution of gases 2 6 Handling and installation 3 7 Routine checks 3 8 Charging 3 9 Recommendations covering the use of jump leads and jump starting 3 10 Repair 4 Publication referred to Inside

7、back coverBS6604:1985 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword BS 6604 has been prepared under the direction of the Light Electrical Engineering Standards Committee. It provides a guide for the user of starter batteries on health and safety aspects associated with the use of such batteries, It is intended to supplem

8、ent the battery manufacturers instructions. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligation

9、s. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the ins

10、ide front cover.BS6604:1985 BSI 12-1999 1 Section 1. General 1 Scope This code gives recommendations on safety and health aspects associated with the handling, usage and charging of batteries for starting internal combustion engines. It covers lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron types which ar

11、e divided into two groups as follows: a) lead-acid; b) alkaline electrolyte types (nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron). The code does not cover: 1) the design and construction of cells or batteries; 2) the health and safety aspects of cell and battery manufacture; 3) the use of batteries in potentially

12、explosive atmospheres. NOTEThe title of the publication referred to in this code is given on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply. 2.1 lead acid cell a cell in which the plates are made mainly of lead and the electrolyte is a

13、sulphuric acid solution 2.2 alkaline cell (nickel-cadmium or nickel-iron) a cell in which the electrolyte is an alkaline solution, usually potassium hydroxide 2.3 starter battery a battery principally used for starting, lighting and ignition on vehicles or plant employing internal combustion engines

14、 2.4 jump starting a technique used for assisting the starting of an internal combustion engine where a healthy and reasonably well charged battery is connected temporarily in parallel with an ailing or discharged battery of the same nominal voltage to provide additional cranking powerBS6604:1985 2

15、BSI 12-1999 Section 2. Aspects of safety and conditions of use 3 Electrolyte 3.1 General Electrolyte is corrosive and poisonous. It will cause burns and irritation if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes. 3.2 Precautions a) Handle batteries with care and keep them upright. b) Top up batteries

16、 to recommended level. Do not overfill. c) Always use eye protection when working on batteries. If there is a risk of contact with electrolyte wear protective clothing, e.g.gloves, aprons, etc. 3.3 Emergency action a) Lead-acid cells, Spillages should be neutralized with an alkali, e.g.soda ash, sod

17、ium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate. If none is available, dilute with copious quantities of water. b) Alkaline cells, Spillages should be neutralized with boric acid. If none is available, dilute with copious quantities of water. 3.4 First aid 1) If electrolyte comes in contact with the skin, wash of

18、f with water immediately. If an electrolyte splash in the eye has occurred, flood the eye immediately and copiously, using an eye wash bottle or, alternatively, mains tap water. The eye wash bottles should be disposable sterile eye irrigators or sterile saline solution bottles; they should be provid

19、ed in or adjacent to every place where topping up or maintenance is carried out. NOTEIt is necessary to ensure that the sterile solutions are changed on a regular basis in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, as the sterile security has a time limit, usually12 to18 months. Non-disposable

20、containers filled with mains water should not be used even if the water has sterilizing tablets dissolved in it. Algae will grow in water, particularly if the containers are translucent and the use of such water can set up serious infection of any electrolyte affected areas of skin or eyes. Followin

21、g irrigation of the eye medical advice should be sought immediately. If electrolyte is swallowed, get the patient to drink plenty of water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention immediately. 3.5 Topping up cells When topping up cells, only water of the specified purity should be used. The u

22、se of other substances may cause a dangerous reaction in the cells. 4 Electrical energy 4.1 General If a metal tool or other electrically conducting object short circuits the terminals of a cell or cells it will become hot and may cause burns. In addition sparks and molten metal may be ejected; thes

23、e may also ignite explosively any gases evolved from the battery (seeclause5). 4.2 Precautions a) Before working on a battery, remove any metallic items from hands, wrists and neck, together with any such items which may fall from pockets. b) Always use insulated tools. Spanners should be of the sin

24、gle ended type. c) Do not place tools or other conductive objects on the top of batteries. d) When disconnecting a battery from a vehicle always disconnect the frame (earth) terminal first and reconnect it last. e) As with all electrical equipment, suitable precautions, appropriate to the voltage of

25、 the installation, should be taken against electrical shock. NOTE 1The cell boxes of alkaline batteries, if metal, will be live. NOTE 2British legislation, e.g. Regulation 29 in the Electricity (Factories Act) Special Regulations 1908 requires a notice to be displayed giving instructions on the trea

26、tment of persons suffering from electric shock in all premises in which electrical energy is generated, transformed or used at a pressure (voltage) exceeding 125 V a.c. or 250 V d.c. Several suitable posters are commercially available. 5 Evolution of gases 5.1 General Hydrogen and oxygen gases are e

27、mitted from a battery when it is being charged and also at other times, particularly if it is moved or shaken. These gases may contain droplets of corrosive electrolyte. Hydrogen/air mixtures produce violent explosions if ignited and it should be assumed that this mixture is present in the immediate

28、 vicinity of the cell tops at all times. 5.2 Precautions a) Where the battery needs charging on or off the vehicle, this should be carried out in a well ventilated area. Ensure that the connections to the battery are firm before switching on the charger. 1) See booklet “HS(R)11 First Aid at Work”, p

29、ublished by the Health and Safety Executive and available from HMSO.BS6604:1985 BSI 12-1999 3 b) No smoking or naked flames should be permitted in the charging area or within1m of the top of an open battery in other locations. c) Avoid short circuits. d) When making or breaking connections to a batt

30、ery, e.g.charging or jump starting, first cover the vents of the battery with a damp cloth. e) Some battery locations are in poorly vented areas (such as under seats or in the boot) especially on caravans. Take special care here to disperse explosive gases before making or breaking any connections.

31、f) The use of high-rate battery testers will draw high currents from the battery and this will always result in sparks when the connection is made or broken. Take special care to disperse explosive gases before using these testers. Make and break the connections firmly and cleanly to minimize sparki

32、ng. 6 Handling and installation 6.1 General Batteries are generally very heavy. Care should be taken when handling to ensure that electrolyte is not spilled and that cells do not sustain mechanical damage. Batteries are normally fitted with labels giving safety and technical information. These shoul

33、d not be removed or obscured. 6.2 Precautions a) Ensure that all electrical equipment on the vehicle is switched off. b) Correct lifting methods and equipment should be used. c) Where metallic lifting equipment is used, take care not to short circuit the battery terminals. d) Ensure that the battery

34、 is correctly located inits position on the vehicle, and that any restraining devices are secured. Do not over-tighten. e) Observe the correct polarity when making connections to the battery terminals, these connections should be clean and secure. 7 Routine checks The following routine checks should

35、 always be made. a) Check electrolyte levels and top up with water in accordance with the battery manufacturers instructions where necessary. b) Check bolted connections for tightness and ensure that they are clean and efficient. c) Inspect cable insulation for wear or damage. Replace if necessary.

36、d) The battery top and carrier should be kept clean and dry and they should be examined periodically for corrosion damage. 8 Charging On premises where batteries are regularly charged, this should preferably be carried out in an area used exclusively for this purpose, where first aid and appropriate

37、 fire fighting equipment are readily accessible. Any area where charging takes place should be well ventilated; no smoking or naked flames should be allowed. Appropriate notices should be displayed. It is essential that the charger output is compatible with the voltage and capacity of the battery or

38、 batteries being charged. Observe the correct polarity when making connections, positive to positive and negative to negative. Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, vent plugs should be securely in place during charging. On no account attempt to charge, boost charge or jump start where it

39、 is suspected that the battery electrolyte may be frozen. If in doubt, thaw the battery out first, by allowing it to stand in an ambient temperature above10 C but below30 C for a period of at least12h. 9 Recommendations covering the use of jump leads and jump starting 9.1 General It is becoming incr

40、easingly common to start vehicle engines, etc. which have “flat” batteries by using jump leads. Unless carried out properly this can result in an explosion at one or other battery. These notes are provided to minimize this risk. The recommendations of this clause apply where the source of auxiliary

41、power is: a) a battery on another vehicle; b) a battery on its own; c) a boost charger. Do not attempt jump starting with batteries having different nominal voltages. 9.2 Initial procedure a) Check the frame (earth) return polarity of both acceptor and donor equipment; if this cannot be determined s

42、eek professional advice. b) If batteries are in vehicles ensure that the vehicles are not touching each other. c) Put vehicles in neutral (in “PARK” for vehicles with automatic transmission).BS6604:1985 4 BSI 12-1999 d) Apply hand brakes and switch off all accessories. e) Keep sparks and flame away

43、from both batteries. Do not smoke. 9.3 Procedure for cases where the systems have the same frame (earth) polarity a) Connect the live (non-earthed) terminal of the good battery to the live (non-earthed) terminal of the flat battery. b) Connect one end of the second lead to the frame (earth) terminal

44、 of the good battery. c) Connect the other end of the second lead to a suitable unpainted metal point on the chassis or engine of the other vehicle or equipment, away from the battery, carburettor, fuel lines or brake pipes. d) Ensure that leads and hands are well clear of any moving parts. e) Start

45、 the engine of the vehicle which has the good battery and allow to run for about1min, or switch on the boost charger for about1min. With this engine still running, operate the starter on the vehicle which has the flat battery and allow that to run for about1min. f) Disconnect the leads in reverse or

46、der as in9.3 c), 9.3 b) and then9.3 a). 9.4 Procedure for cases where the systems have opposite frame (earth) polarity a) Connect the frame (earth) terminal of the good battery to the live (non-earthed) terminal of the flat battery. b) Connect one end of the second lead to the live (non-earthed) ter

47、minal of the good battery. c) Connect the other end of the second lead to a suitable unpainted metal point on the chassis or engine of the other vehicle or equipment, away from the battery, carburettor, fuel lines or brake pipes. d) Ensure that leads and hands are well clear of any moving parts. e)

48、Start the engine of the vehicle which has the good battery and allow to run for about1min, or switch on the boost charger for about1min. With this engine still running, operate the starter on the vehicle which has the flat battery and allow that to run for about1min. f) Disconnect the leads in rever

49、se order as in9.4 c), 9.4 b) and then9.4 a). 10 Repair Having regard to the wide range of hazards which can occur in the repair of batteries, this work should only be carried out by suitably trained persons in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.BS6604:1985 BSI 12-1999 Publication referred to HS(R)11 First Aid at Work 2) 2) Published by the Health and Safety Executive and available from HMSO.BS 6604:1985 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. I