BS 6606-1987 Methods for sampling oilseed residues《榨油油渣的取样方法》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS6606:1987 ISO5500:1986 Methods for Sampling oilseed residues UDC 633.85:665.3:543.05BS6606:1987 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Food and Agriculture Standards Committee,was published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes intoeffecton 3

2、0 June 1987 BSI 12-1999 First published June 1985 First revision June 1987 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FAC/17 Draft for comment85/55530DC ISBN 0 580 15999 X Committees responsible for this BritishStandard The preparation of this BritishStanda

3、rd was entrusted by the Food and Agriculture Standards Committee (FAC/-) to Technical Committee FAC/17, upon which the following bodies were represented: AFRC Institute of Food Research British Food Manufacturing Industries Research Association Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Gov

4、ernment Chemist) FOSFA International Grain and Feed Trade Association International Association of Seed Crushers Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Overseas Development Administration (Tropical Development and Research Institute) Royal Society of Chemistry Rubber Grow

5、ers Association Seed Crushers and Oil Processors Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS6606:1987 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 0 Introduction 1 1 Scope and field of application 1 2 Definitions 1 3

6、 General 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Time and place of sampling and limitation of the size of lot 2 6 Method of taking samples 2 7 Sizes of samples 3 8 Packing and labelling of samples 4 9 Dispatch of samples 4 10 Sampling report 4 Annex A Examples of sampling apparatus 5 Annex B Sampling plan for lots compri

7、sing more than100sacks 6 Annex C Residues containing undesirable substances which are likely to be non-uniformly distributed, such as mycotoxins, castor-oil seed husks andpoisonous seeds 7 Figure 1 Sampling spear (open trier) 5 Figure 2 Hand-scoop 5 Figure 3 Divided sampling spear (open trier) 5 Fig

8、ure 4 Cylindrical sampler (divided bulk probe) 5 Figure 5 Running iron (sack-type trier) 5 Figure 6 Falling stream sampler (Pelican type) 6 Figure 7 Quartering irons 6 Table 1 Number of sacks to be sampled 2 Table 2 Sizes of samples of meals or agglomerates 4 Table 3 Sizes of samples of slab cakes 4

9、 Table 4 Sampling plan for lots comprising more than100sacks 7 Table 5 Number of bulk samples from sacks or containers 8 Table 6 Number of bulk samples from bulk 8BS6606:1987 ii BSI 12-1999 National foreword This BritishStandard has been prepared under the direction of the Food and Agriculture Stand

10、ards Committee. It is identical with ISO5500:1986 “Oilseed residues Sampling” published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and in the preparation of which the United Kingdom played a full part. It supersedes BS6606:1985, which is withdrawn and from which it differs in that i

11、t includes a procedure for sampling oilseed residues containing undesirable substances which are likely to be non-uniformly distributed, such as mycotoxins, castor-oil seed husks and poisonous seeds. Terminology and conventions. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable fo

12、r publication as a BritishStandard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in BritishStandards; attention is drawn especially to the following. The comma has been used as a decimal marker. In BritishStandards it is current practice to use a full

13、point on the baseline as the decimal marker. Wherever the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “BritishStandard”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible

14、 for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to8 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date)

15、and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS6606:1987 BSI 12-1999 1 0 Introduction Correct sampling is a difficult process and one that requires most careful attention. Emphasis cannot therefore be too strongly laid on the neces

16、sity of obtaining a representative sample of oilseed residues for analysis. Practically all oilseed residues are sold on the basis of the result of analysis of the samples, and disputes are invariably settled by reference to the sample, so that careless or inaccurate sampling could lead to misunders

17、tanding, delay and unwarranted financial adjustments. The procedures given in this International Standard are recognised as good practice and it is strongly recommended that they be followed whenever practicable. 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies methods of sampl

18、ing oilseed residues. It is applicable to all oilseed residues, regardless of their presentation, i.e.whether in the form of meals, agglomerates or slab cakes. Annex C gives a method, reflecting the present state of knowledge, of sampling oilseed residues containing undesirable substances which are

19、likely to be non-uniformly distributed, such as mycotoxins, castor-oil seed husks and poisonous seeds. 2 Definitions For the purpose of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 consignment the quantity of oilseed residues dispatched or received at one time and covered by a p

20、articular contract or shipping document. It may be composed of one or more lots or parts of a lot 2.2 lot a stated quantity of the consignment, of mass not exceeding500t, presumed to be of uniform characteristics, and which will allow the quality to be assessed 2.3 increment a small quantity of oils

21、eed residues taken at one time from a single position in the lot. A series of increments is taken from different parts of the lot, so that, when they are bulked, they are representative of the lot 2.4 bulk sample the quantity of oilseed residues formed by combining and blending the increments taken

22、from any one particular lot 2.5 reduced sample the quantity of oilseed residues obtained by successive divisions of the bulk sample and which will allow identical laboratory samples representative of the lot to be prepared 2.6 laboratory sample a sample representing the quality of the lot, obtained

23、from the reduced sample and intended for analysis or other examination 3 General 3.1 Samples shall be fully representative of the lots from which they are taken. For this purpose, each consignment shall be divided, actually or notionally, into lots of mass not exceeding500t and a number of increment

24、s shall be taken from each lot and carefully mixed to give a bulk sample from which laboratory samples are obtained by successive division. 3.2 Special care is necessary to ensure that all sampling apparatus is clean, dry, free from foreign odours and made from material which will not contaminate th

25、e oilseed residue. Sampling shall be carried out in such a manner as to protect the samples, the sampling instruments and the container in which the samples are placed, from adventitious contamination such as rain, dust, etc. Material adhering to the outside of the sampling instrument shall be remov

26、ed before the contents are discharged. 3.3 All sampling operations shall be carried out over a sufficiently short period of time, so as to avoid any alteration in the composition of the samples. If one of the sampling stages will require too long a period of time, the samples or intermediate samples

27、 shall be preserved in airtight containers. If samples are required for the determination of volatile hydrocarbons, it is particularly important that loss by evaporation be avoided. Plastics containers are not suitable. 4 Apparatus NOTEExamples of sampling apparatus are illustrated in Annex A. Many

28、different types and variations of apparatus are available, and the dimensions and designs given in the figures are included solely as a guide.BS6606:1987 2 BSI 12-1999 The apparatus required for sampling products other than slab cake falls under the following headings, examples being given in each c

29、ase. 4.1 Apparatus for sampling from bags: sack-type spears or triers, cylindrical samplers, conical samplers and hand-scoops. 4.2 Apparatus for sampling products in bulk: hand-scoops, cylindrical samplers, conical samplers, mechanical samplers and other apparatus for taking small, periodical increm

30、ents from a flow of oilseed residues. 4.3 Apparatus for mixing and dividing: dividing instruments, shovels and quartering irons. 5 Time and place of sampling and limitation of the size of lot 5.1 General Sampling is normally carried out, whether the consignment is in bulk or in sacks, during, and at

31、 the place of, loading into or discharge from the ship, barge, wagon or lorry or at the time of entry into or exit from the silo or depot, as agreed between the parties concerned. Each lot shall be of mass500t or part thereof. Special requirements for bulk transfer are given in5.2. 5.2 Bulk transfer

32、 It is generally advisable to use the following procedures in the case of the bulk transfer of residues from a ship or barge. 5.2.1 Transfer to lorries and wagons The increment should be taken either from the flow of product (preferred method) during loading or discharge (particularly for tanker-wag

33、ons where internal sampling is not possible), or in the lorry or wagon, as soon as possible after loading, by sampling at at least three or five different positions according to the size of the lorry or wagon (see6.2.1.2.3), for the purpose of providing one bulk sample per500t lot or part thereof. 5

34、.2.2 Transfer to barges The increments should be selected during loading by sampling from each hold, throughout the duration of loading, for the purpose of providing one bulk sample per500t lot or part thereof. 5.2.3 Transfer to silos or depots The increments should be taken from conveyor belts taki

35、ng into account the rate of movement of these belts, or preferably by means of an automatic sampler on the transfer circuit, again taking into account the rate of movement, for the purpose of providing one bulk sample per500t lot or part thereof. 6 Method of taking samples 6.1 General Sampling shall

36、 be carried out by sampling superintendents appointed by the parties concerned. As the composition of a lot is seldom, if ever, homogeneous, even in the case of undamaged lots, it is necessary to take a sufficient number of increments to provide a representative bulk sample. Parts of lots which are

37、sea-damaged or otherwise damaged in transit or out of condition, as well as loose 1)material and sweepings which have been recovered, shall be sampled separately from the sound material. Each type of damaged material shall be assessed by mass, sampled and separated from sound material. 6.2 Oilseed r

38、esidues in the form of meals or agglomerates 6.2.1 Taking of increments According to the circumstances, the increments shall be taken from products in sacks or in bulk by means of the sampling apparatus mentioned in4.1 and4.2, used as described in6.2.1.1 and6.2.1.2. If lumps (agglomerates) have form

39、ed, these shall be incorporated in the increments, in approximately the proportions present in the lot. 6.2.1.1 Products in sacks Increments shall be taken from the number of sacks specified in Table 1. Table 1 Number of sacks to be sampled 1) This term is used to designate material which has leaked

40、 from its original container, but is not unduly contaminated. Number of sacks in the lot to be sampled up to10 each sack 11 to100 10, sampled at random more than100 square root (approximately) of the total number, sampled at random according to a suitable sampling plan a a See, for example, Annex B.

41、BS6606:1987 BSI 12-1999 3 If the sacks are open, the increments may be taken using cylindrical samplers, conical samplers or other appropriate instruments. If the sacks (for example jute sacks) are closed, the increments may be taken using sack-type spears or triers. 6.2.1.2 Products in bulk 6.2.1.2

42、.1 When sampling takes place while the product is in motion, increments shall be taken across the whole section of the flow, perpendicular to the direction of flow, and at time intervals depending on the rate of flow. If automatic instruments are used, they shall have a slot opening which is at leas

43、t three times the size of the largest particles. 6.2.1.2.2 When bulk material is sampled in holds during discharge, the increments shall be taken from as many places as possible, excluding the run, and at intervals determined by the rate of discharge. 6.2.1.2.3 If sampling takes place from laden wag

44、ons or lorries, the increments shall be taken at three levels at least, with a cylindrical sampler or conical sampler, depending on the product, and at the following points: If the type of wagon or lorry does not allow samples to be taken in this manner, the method of sampling shall be as described

45、for products in motion, which, generally, shall be preferred. 6.2.1.2.4 The method to be applied for silos and depots depends necessarily on local conditions. 6.2.2 Preparation of reduced sample The bulk sample shall be mixed and reduced using the apparatus mentioned in4.3, until a reduced sample, t

46、he size of which depends on the required number of laboratory samples, is obtained. Any lumps shall be separately crushed and remixed with the bulk sample before reduction. Quartering is carried out as follows. After mixing, the product is divided into four parts, for example using a quartering iron

47、, and two diagonally opposite quarters are discarded and the remainder is mixed again. The dividing and discarding operations are repeated until the sample is reduced to the required size. 6.2.3 Preparation of laboratory samples The number of laboratory samples to be prepared, by division of the red

48、uced sample, for analysis and arbitration, shall be agreed between the parties concerned. In the absence of such an agreement, the number of laboratory samples should be at least five for each500t lot or part thereof. 6.3 Slab cakes 6.3.1 Taking of increments 6.3.1.1 Slab cakes in containers One cak

49、e shall be taken from each of a number of containers (sacks) selected at random, this number not being less than2% of the total number of containers in the lot. Care should be taken to avoid taking increment primary samples from the same part of each container. 6.3.1.2 Slab cakes in bulk Five slab cakes shall be selected at random from each500t lot. 6.3.2 Preparation of laboratory samples Each slab cake taken as specified in6.3.1 shall be broken into eight pieces of approximately equal size. Each laboratory sample shall be formed by taking one piec