1、BS 7000-10:2008Design management systems Part 10: Vocabulary of terms used in design managementICS 01.040.03; 03.100.01NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicat
2、es when the document was last issued. BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 58522 7The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference MS/4Draft for comment 07/30163148 DCPublication historyFirst published March 1995Second edition, March 2008Amendments issued since publicationAmd.
3、no. Date Text affectedBS 7000-10:2008 BSI 2008 iBS 7000-10:2008ContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Vocabulary structure 13 Vocabulary 2Bibliography 43Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 43 and a back cover.BS 7000-10:2008ii
4、 BSI 2008ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI and came into effect on 31 March 2008. It was prepared by Technical Committee MS/4, Design management systems. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Supersessi
5、onThis British Standard supersedes BS 7000-10:1995, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 7000 Design management systems, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Guide to managing innovation; Part 2: Guide to managing the design of manufactured products; Part 3: Guide to managin
6、g the design of services; Part 4: Guide to managing design in construction; Part 6: Managing inclusive design Guide; Part 10: Vocabulary of terms used in design management.Other parts may be added.Information about this documentThis 2008 edition of BS 7000-10 has a greatly expanded scope, covering t
7、he design management terminology in use across all sectors of industry, commerce, services and the public sector. It applies to all technical, services, software, production and design areas, and also recognizes the importance of intellectual and other rights.Presentational conventionsDetails of the
8、 structure, layout and presentational conventions used in this part of BS 7000 are given in Clause 2.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a Britis
9、h Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 2008 1BS 7000-10:2008IntroductionThis standard seeks to increase understanding of terms used when managing design and working with design professionals. Design activities normally involve individuals from different disciplines, as well as
10、 designers who specialize in different categories of design. Adopting a common terminology, while being aware of different usages of common terms, is important to ensure effective communication and smooth progress of work.This part collates all the terms and definitions incorporated in the other par
11、ts of the BS 7000 series, plus many others in common use in design practice and management. As such, it is a useful reference in all discussions in these fields.1 ScopeThis part of BS 7000 defines vocabulary used in design and its management, and includes those that may have particular meanings when
12、 used in different areas of industry and commerce. It has been prepared to assist those who have a responsibility for, or an interest in, design and its management. It will also assist those who are considering working with designers but are unfamiliar with the terminology that they are likely to us
13、e. It is recommended that organizations seeking to adopt this standard consider adopting the other standards in the BS 7000 series.In accordance with terminology used in BS EN ISO 9001, the term “product” is used throughout this standard to refer to products, services, facilities, processes, environ
14、ments, interfaces and business models.2 Vocabulary structure2.1 Most words in this vocabulary are accompanied by a letter which demonstrates the stage at which the term or word is most likely to be used in the design process:M market researchS specificationC concept designDD detail designMn manufact
15、ureSl sellingI implementationD disposal or terminationG general terms used in design managementO other useful terms associated with new products and services2.2 Bold words within a definition indicate terms that are defined elsewhere in this part of BS 7000. The exception to this are the terms “prod
16、uct” and “design” which have not been emboldened due to their frequency within the document.BS 7000-10:20082 BSI 20083Vocabulary3.1 3-Gen product: Glong-term product or service that becomes available, typically two generations after the generation currently being developed3.2 acceptance criteria: Sf
17、actors used to determine whether a design meets the specified and agreed requirements3.3 accessibility: Gphysical and sensory access to buildings, products, services and informationNOTE 1 May be via speaking browsers, sign language animations and Braille, for example.NOTE 2 Improved accessibility is
18、 required under the Disability Discrimination Act 2005 1 in the UK. 3.4 accessible design: Gdesign focused on principles of extending standard design to people with some type of performance limitation NOTE 1 Can be achieved by:a) designing products, services and environments that are readily usable
19、by most users without any modification;b) making products or services adaptable to different users (adapting user interfaces);c) having standardized interfaces to be compatible with special products for people with disabilities.NOTE 2 Terms such as “design for all”, “barrier-free design”, “inclusive
20、 design” and “trans-generational design” are used similarly but in different contexts.NOTE 3 Accessible design is a subset of universal design where products and environments are usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.3.5 added va
21、lue: Oincreased or additional benefit with regard to real and perceived worth, market value, desirability, merit or use3.6 aestheticsperception through the senses such as look and feel of a product that contribute to the attractiveness of a design3.7 analogyaid to creativity that compares a concept
22、with something that exists elsewhere3.8 artefact: Gtangible result from a design process NOTE Covers any product, process, communication or technique that has been designed.3.9 audience: SIgroup of people or organizations to be reached or taken into account BSI 2008 3BS 7000-10:20083.10 audit: Gsyst
23、ematic examination to measure conformity with predetermined requirementsNOTE See design audit.3.11 audit criteria set of policies, procedures or requirements used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared3.12 audit evidencerecords, statements of fact or other information which is relev
24、ant to the audit criteria and verifiableNOTE Audit evidence may be qualitative or quantitative 3.13 backcasting: G process by which attainment of a desired vision in the long-term future is plotted progressively back to the present through a series of milestone achievements which effectively map out
25、 the way forwardNOTE Could apply to markets, products, services, processes and organizations.3.14 bar chart: Ihistogram on which activities and their durations are represented by lines drawn to a common scale showing a sequence of operationsNOTE 1 A Gantt chart is a specific type of bar chart and sh
26、ould not be used as a synonym for bar chart.NOTE 2 See also cascade chart.3.15 baseline: Slstate of a product, formally established at a specific point in time, which serves as reference for further activities3.16 benchmarking: Msystematic comparison of methods, performance and processes, usually wi
27、th those in other organizations, in order to learn from them and improve ones own processes3.17 block model: Cbasic three-dimensional representation of a proposed design to provide a clearer impression of size, shape and volume without incorporating other detailsNOTE Also known as a soft model, foam
28、 model or space model.3.18 blueprinting: Dcustomer journey and parallel processes mapped out in sufficient detail to identify possible fail points and evaluate performance variables3.19 blue-sky thinking: Cunbounded exploration of ideas without concern as to their practicality, applicability or mark
29、etabilityNOTE Thinking that seems impractical and without application can trigger insights that lead to successful innovations.3.20 bottom-up approach: Gdesign method that starts from consideration of details and proceeds towards consideration of the wholeNOTE Opposite to a top-down approach.BS 7000
30、-10:20084 BSI 20083.21 brainstorming: Ccontrolled use of free expression in which people interact to produce new ideasNOTE See also lateral thinking, think tank.3.22 brand: Gdistinguishing visual or verbal representation of an organization or product3.23 brand architecture: Gmutually-reinforcing com
31、ponents that form the structure of a brand NOTE Also encompasses how different brands of a single organization relate to each other.3.24 brand attribute: S (D) functional or emotional association assigned to a brand by current and prospective customersNOTE Can be either negative or positive. 3.25 br
32、and DNA: G (D) collective and fundamental components of a brand NOTE Including attributes, character, benefits, differentiation and credibility.3.26 brand identity: Gexpression of attributes that describe the essence of a brand NOTE 1 An organizations brand identity seeks to encapsulate its vision,
33、values, philosophy and ways of doing business; a products encompasses the vision and values that provide its core characteristics.NOTE 2 A brands visual identity is the visual expression of its identity, normally conveyed by means of a symbol and/or the name rendered in a distinctive typographic for
34、m.3.27 brand logotype: Ddistinctive way in which a brand name is rendered, principally in typographic form3.28 brand values: Sl (D) core qualities associated with a brand 3.29 breadboard model: Citem constructed to investigate or evaluate the feasibility and practicality of a concept, device, circui
35、t or system in rough experimental form, without regard to the configurationNOTE See also design aid model.3.30 breakthrough innovationchange that breaches a previously perceived limit in configuration, performance or technologyNOTE Typically opens up important new options to deliver significant adva
36、nces in outcomes.3.31 bubble chart: Capproximate diagram with entities, ideas or activities inside circles and with lines linking the circles to show their interactionsNOTE Can be used as an aid to thinking or explanation, or as an overall display of a situation. BSI 2008 5BS 7000-10:20083.32 buildi
37、ng blocks: Icomponents that constitute a product from the users perspectiveNOTE For example, insights, segmentation, touch-points, channels, environments and journeys.3.33 build standard: Slisting of the drawings, schedules and other documents that constitute the technical description of a manufactu
38、red item, together with their issue number or modification status3.34 buy-in: Gacceptance of a proposal3.35 capacity: Mnmaximum level of value-added activity that an operation is capable of producing over a specified time period3.36 cascade chart: Dbar chart on which the vertical order of activities
39、 is such that each activity is dependent on activities higher in the list3.37 catalogue design: Gform of design that involves selection and assembly of proprietary items or deciding which of a particular set of existing design solutions would fit a given situationstructure, layout and presentation o
40、f reference material that sets out details of items offered for saleNOTE These are normally printed though they are increasingly presented in other archival formats such as microfiche and computer software.3.38 cause-effect diagram: Otechnique to identify root cause of a problem, requiring systemati
41、c questioningNOTE Also known as ishikawa or fishbone analysis.3.39 chain of custodyprocess whereby an organization monitors its products through every stage of the supply chain, including all stages of manufacturing, transportation and distribution3.40 change control procedure: Mnorganized procedure
42、 by which proposed design changes are described/evaluated, approved/rejected, and implemented3.41 change record: Mnformal reference documenting authorized changes, reasons why these were made, and their effect on other aspects of work and their outcomes 3.42 change team: C group of individuals broug
43、ht together, from within and possibly outside an organization, and given responsibility to effect a specific changeindividuals who work together to get a new idea adopted or act as catalysts within an organizationBS 7000-10:20086 BSI 20083.43 channels: Iways in which people can find or use products
44、and different ways by which organizations can deliver products3.44 collaborators: Gparties that agree to work together on a project3.45 combinationutilization of two or more existing design methods to reach a design solution3.46 company culture: O (D) companys shared values and behaviours that deter
45、mine what is valued and what is acceptable 3.47 commission: Ginstruction from a client requesting a design organization to provide a service within agreed constraints3.48 communication plan: Splan that establishes the communication procedures and authority for a specific project3.49 communities of p
46、racticepeople with shared expertise or experience that cross conventional organizational boundaries to build the capacity of all the organizations involved in order to innovate3.50 competitive advantage: Sl position or condition adopted in order to differentiate beneficially from other offers and ga
47、in favour with customers3.51 competitor analysis: Minvestigation into the merits of rival organizations and their offeringsNOTE Comparisons are made relative to, for example, price and quality.3.52 concept: Coutline idea for a designNOTE 1 Might be a possible design solution in outline or first orde
48、r terms.NOTE 2 Generally one of a number.3.53 concept assessment matrix: Cmethod for identifying the most viable concept of those that meet the specification3.54 concept design phase: Cpreliminary research and studies to establish design alternatives that merit further development3.55 concept scenar
49、io: Cidea for a new product communicated through a story3.56 conceptualization: Dgeneration of drawings, models and prototypes of a new product idea prior to committing to a final design BSI 2008 7BS 7000-10:20083.57 concurrent processing: Gmanagement approach that addresses certain activities in parallel by harnessing necessary skills and processes in an integrated manner from the earliest stages of the projectNOTE 1 Can encourage improved communication and teamworking between multi-disciplinary functions, leading to project stages being a
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