1、BRITISH STANDARD BS7044-2.2: 1990 Artificial sports surfaces Part 2: Methods of test Section2.2 Methods for determination of person/surface interactionBS7044-2.2:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee, was published
2、 underthe authority of the Board ofBSI and comes into effect on 31October1990 BSI02-1999 First published November1989 Second edition October1990 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCM/14 Draft for comment89/35514 DC ISBN0580185834 Committees respons
3、ible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/14, upon which the following bodies were represented: Birmingham City British Amateur Athletic Board British Amateur Weight
4、 Lifters Association British Association of Advisers and Lecturers in Physical Education British Leather Confederation British Sports and Allied Industries Federation Central Council of Physical Recreation City of Glasgow Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of the Environment (Building Resea
5、rch Establishment) Department of Trade and Industry (Consumer Affairs Division) English Basketball Association Home Office Institute of Trading Standards Administration Ministry of Defence Physical Education Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Recreation and Leisure Trade Association S
6、ports Council The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: standard, through subcommittees and panels: Association of District Councils British Floor Covering Manufacturers Association British Plastics Federation Institute of Leisure and Amenity Management RAPRA Technology Ltd.
7、Sports Turf Research Institute Textile Institute Textile Research Council Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS7044-2.2:1990 BSI 02-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Method 1. Determination of traction 1 3 Method 2.
8、 Determination of sliding distance 1 4 Method 3. Determination of slip resistance 3 5 Method 4. Determination of peak deceleration 6 Figure 1 Traction apparatus 2 Figure 2 Foot assembly and trolley 4 Figure 3 Inclined plane and track 5 Table 1 Properties of rubber slider 3 Publications referred to I
9、nside back coverBS7044-2.2:1990 ii BSI 02-1999 Foreword This Section of BS7044 has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee and forms part of a comprehensive British Standard on artificial sports surfaces. A classification and general introduction is
10、given in Part 1. This Section supersedes BS7044-2.2:1989which is withdrawn. This edition introduces an additional method but does not reflect a full review or revision of the standard which will be undertaken in due course. This Section of BS7044 describes four methods of test. Method1 is based on t
11、he method of test for traction described by Canaway and Bell (1986). Method2 is based on the method of test for sliding resistance given in the1985 Sports Council report, “Artificial Grass Surfaces for Association Football”. Method3 is largely based on the method of test for friction given in the Sp
12、orts Council Specification for Artificial Sports Surfaces,1984. In method4 the apparatus is similar to that given in the Sports Council Specification for Artificial Sports Surfaces,1984, for measuring severity index but it has been modified to be equivalent to that specified in BS7188. In the Sports
13、 Council Specification, the severity index was measured, i.e.a mathematical integration of the area under a plot of deceleration versus time for the entire impact event. In this standard the peak deceleration is measured because, whereas the concept of severity index is well established as a meaning
14、ful assessment of a surface in relation to head injuries, the committee does not consider that such a relationship has been established for the impacts of various parts of the body which may occur in sports. WARNING NOTE. These methods do not necessarily detail all precautions necessary to meet the
15、requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc.Act1974. Attention should be paid to any appropriate safety precautions and the methods should be operated only by trained personnel. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standard
16、s are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard
17、 has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.BS7044-2.2:1990 BSI 02-1999 1 1 Scope This Section of BS7044 describes methods of test for the determination of traction, sliding distance, slip res
18、istance and peak deceleration of artificial sports surfaces. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Method 1. Determination of traction 2.1 General This method is suitable for testing all types of artificial sports surfaces, both on tes
19、t pieces in the laboratory and surfaces installed on site. The result obtained gives a measure of the resistance of movement of the players foot on the surface. 2.2 Principle A weighted foot is rotated from a stationary position against a surface and the force required to cause movement is measured.
20、 2.3 Apparatus 2.3.1 A rigid disc, of diameter1502mm centrally weighted to give a total mass of462kg and having a central shaft to which can be attached a torque wrench (seeFigure 1). To the bottom of the disc is bonded a piece of sports shoe sole material of diameter1502mm. NOTEThe type and pattern
21、 of the sports shoe sole material is not specified but may be agreed between the interested parties. 2.3.2 Dial indicating torque wrench, calibrated in increments of2.0 Nm with a maximum indicating pointer. 2.4 Test piece A piece of surface of minimum width1m and minimum length1m in combination with
22、 the substrate to be used in service shall be tested. The surface and the substrate shall be attached using the recommended method of attachment in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. NOTELoose laid test pieces should be anchored at the edges. 2.5 Conditioning For tests in the laboratory
23、, condition the test piece for a minimum duration of3h at the test temperature of23 2 C. Tests on site shall be made at ambient temperature. 2.6 Procedure Place the weighted disc (2.3.1) on the test piece(2.4). Gradually apply an increasing force to the torque wrench (2.3.2) until the disc starts to
24、 slip, ensuring that the disc remains parallel to the surface. Note the torque reading at the point of slipping. Repeat the test to obtain five readings of torque using a new area of surface for each measurement. NOTEProcessing aids on new materials may contaminate the sports shoe sole material and
25、affect the results. It is recommended that the sole be cleaned between each test. 2.7 Calculation and expression of results The median traction coefficient shall be given by the following expression: where 2.8 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) complete identific
26、ation of the surface tested including manufacturers reference, type of substrate and method of attachment and previous history; b) a reference to this method, i.e.method1 of BS7044-2.2:1990; c) identification of the sports shoe sole material used; d) the temperature of test and relative humidity, if
27、 required; e) the condition of the surface at time of test, i.e.wet or dry; f) the median traction coefficient; g) the individual test results, if required; h) details of any deviation from the procedure. 3 Method 2. Determination of sliding distance 3.1 General This method is suitable for testing a
28、ll types of artificial sports surfaces, both on test pieces in the laboratory and surfaces installed on site. The result obtained gives a measure of the resistance to the players foot sliding on the surface. 3.2 Principle A weighted trolley with a sliding foot in a trailing position travels down a r
29、amp on to the surface and the distance it travels is measured. Median traction coefficient= T is the median value of torque (in Nm); w is the applied force (in N); D is the diameter of disc (in m). 3T wD -BS7044-2.2:1990 2 BSI 02-1999 3.3 Apparatus 3.3.1 A trolley, of total mass45 2kg with a foot as
30、sembly as shown inFigure 2. The foot is a steel plate of nominal length85mm and nominal width60mm. To the bottom of the foot is bonded a piece of sports shoe sole material of nominal length75mm and nominal width60mm. NOTEThe type and pattern of the sports shoe sole material is not specified but may
31、be agreed between the interested parties. 3.3.2 An inclined plane, i.e.a ramp, comprising two parallel tracks mounted to a rigid frame together with two horizontal tracks of minimum length1.5m (seeFigure 3). NOTEThe horizontal track is constructed such that the foot assembly comes into contact with
32、the test piece. 3.4 Test piece A piece of surface of minimum length3m and minimum width1m in combination with the substrate to be used in service shall be tested. The surface and the substrate shall be attached using the recommended method of attachment in accordance with the manufacturers instructi
33、ons. NOTELoose laid test pieces should be anchored at the edges. 3.5 Conditioning For tests in the laboratory, condition the test piece for a minimum duration of3h at the test temperature of23 20C. Tests on site shall be made at ambient temperature. Figure 1 Traction apparatusBS7044-2.2:1990 BSI 02-
34、1999 3 3.6 Procedure Place the ramp (3.3.2) and horizontal track on the test surface. Place the trolley (3.3.1) on the track such that the trailing foot is5.01mm above the surface under test at a point just before the front wheels of the trolley drop off the inclined section of track. Position the t
35、rolley on the ramp such that the average velocity of the trolley, once parallel to the surface and measured across a distance of100mm as shown inFigure 3, is2.0 0.02m/s. Release the trolley and when it has come to rest measure the distance from the front of the foot assembly to the point where the t
36、rolley left the inclined section of track. Repeat the test to obtain three readings of sliding distance. If the surface has any form of directional pattern, for example the lay of the pile in artificial grasses, or is laid with a slope for drainage, repeat the test such that a set of readings is obt
37、ained in directions giving maximum and minimum values of sliding distance. 3.7 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the median measurement (in mm) for a given direction. 3.8 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) complete identification of the surface test
38、ed including manufacturers reference, type of substrate and method of attachment and previous history; b) a reference to this method, i.e. method2 of BS7044-2.2:1990; c) identification of the sports shoe sole material used; d) the temperature of test and relative humidity, if required; e) the condit
39、ion of the surface at the time of test, i.e. wet or dry; f) the median sliding distances for each direction tested; g) the individual test results if required; h) details of any deviation from the procedure. 4 Method3. Determination of slip resistance 4.1 General This method is suitable for testing
40、all types of artificial sports surfaces both on test pieces in the laboratory and surfaces installed on site. However, it is not recommended for use on non-sand filled grass surfaces because of uncertainty in the length of the contact path. 4.2 Principle A rubber foot (slider) attached to the arm of
41、 a pendulum is allowed to slide over the surface for a set distance and the energy absorbed is measured. 4.3 Apparatus 4.3.1 Pendulum friction apparatus, complying with the apparatus described in BS812-3 except that the rubber slider 1)shall comply withTable 1. 4.4 Test piece A piece of surface of m
42、inimum length300mm and minimum width300mm shall be tested. NOTELoose laid test pieces may be bonded to the substrate on which the apparatus rests. 4.5 Conditioning For tests in the laboratory, condition the test piece for a minimum duration of3h at the test temperature of23 2 C. Tests on site shall
43、be made at ambient temperature. Table 1 Properties of rubber slider 1) For information on the availability of a suitable rubber slider, apply to Enquiry Section, BSI, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6LE, enclosing a stamped addressed envelope for reply. Property Test procedure Physical requirement
44、 Resilience BS903-A8 21 2 % at5C 24 2 % at23 C 28 2 % at40C Hardness BS903-A26 962IRHD at23 2 CBS7044-2.2:1990 4 BSI 02-1999 Figure 2 Foot assembly and trolleyBS7044-2.2:1990 BSI 02-1999 5 4.6 Procedure NOTEIf the apparatus is placed directly on the test piece, as is necessarily the case for site me
45、asurements, there is a need to prevent its feet from sinking into the surface during the test. This arises from the increased downward force on the apparatus feet caused by the swinging pendulum and gives a false path length. 4.6.1 Adjust the base of the apparatus (4.3.1) until it is level in all di
46、rections. Adjust the height of the pendulum mechanism until the slider assembly is in contact with the test piece(4.4) over a distance of Execute three conditioning swings of the pendulum but do not record the indicated readings. Execute a swing of the pendulum and note the slip resistance as indica
47、ted by the graduated scale. 4.6.2 Repeat the procedure detailed in4.6.1 to obtain five readings of slip resistance. If the surface has any form of directional pattern, for example the lay of the pile in artificial grasses, or is laid with a slope for drainage, repeat the test such that a set of read
48、ings is obtained in directions giving maximum and minimum values of friction. 4.7 Calculation and expression of results For surfaces of uniform pattern calculate the arithmetic mean of the values of friction measured. For surfaces with directional pattern calculate the arithmetic means of the direct
49、ions giving maximum and minimum values of friction. Calculate the percentage variation using the following expression: where NOTEThere are no precision data currently available. 4.8 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) complete identification of the surface tested including manufacturers reference, type of substrate and method of attachment and previous history; b) a reference to this method, i.e.method3 of BS7044-2.2:1990; c) the temperature of test and relative humidity, if require
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