BS 7121-1-2016 Code of practice for safe use of cranes Part 1 General《起重机安全使用的实施规程 第1部分 总则》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 7121-1:2016Code of practice for safe useof cranes Part 1: GeneralPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2016Published by BSI Standards Limited 20

2、16ISBN 978 0 580 89630 9ICS 53.020.20The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference MHE/3/11Draft for comment 15/30320607 DCPublication historyFirst published as section one of CP 3010, November 1972 and as section 1 ofBS 5744, November 1979First published as BS

3、 7121-1 May 1989Second edition February 2006Third (present) edition January 2016Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 7121-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 24 Management of installation and lifting operations 65 Pla

4、nning of the lifting operation 146 Selection and duties of personnel other than the appointed person 207 Minimum attributes of personnel 238 Safety 279 Crane documentation 2910 Erection and dismantling 3011 Procedures and precautions 3212 Maintenance 3413 Operating conditions 3414 Multiple lifting a

5、nd lowering 3815 Weather conditions 4016 Slinging and handling of loads 4117 Signalling systems 4518 Thorough examination, including testing 4519 Ropes 4620 Special applications of cranes 51AnnexesAnnex A (normative) Training of appointed persons and crane supervisors forlifting operations 56Annex B

6、 (normative) Training of crane operators and slinger-signallers 63Annex C (normative) Contract lift or crane hire 73Annex D (informative) Effect of wind and down-rating 76Annex E (normative) Additional recommendations for operation of cranes on oradjacent to sites of exceptional hazards 78Annex F (n

7、ormative) Radio communication for lifting operations 92Bibliography 94List of figuresFigure 1 Adverse effect of a swinging load on load radius 4Figure 2 Relationship between complexity index and lift category 10Figure 3 Example crane signals 25Figure 3 Example crane signals 26Figure 4 Out of vertica

8、l lifting 35Figure 4 Out of vertical lifting 36Figure 5 Paying out rope 47Figure 6 Serving of ropes before cutting 48Figure7Transferring rope for reel to reel 49Figure C.1 Contract options 74Figure D.1 Simplified method for determining the maximum allowed windspeed for mobile cranes 77Figure E.1 Com

9、pound collapse radius 79Figure E.2 Crawler crane collapse radius 80Figure E.3 Saddle jib tower crane collapse radius 81Figure E.4 Luffing jib tower crane collapse radius 82Figure E.5 Wheeled mobile crane collapse radius 83Figure E.6 Example calculations of load collapse radius 84Figure E.7 Managemen

10、t of cranes leading indicator audit 91BRITISH STANDARD BS 7121-1:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 iList of tablesTable 1 Example load and environmental hazards associated with liftingoperations 9Table 2 Illustration of the categorization of lifts based on environmental andload complexitie

11、s 11Table3Weight of materials 43Table D.1 Typical area/weight and drag factors for typical loads 76Table D.2 Typical area/weight and drag factors for typical loads 76Table D.3 Typical shapes and corresponding Cwvalues 78Table E.1 Recommendations for dynamic supplementary brake testing 89Table F.1 Vo

12、ice commands for lifting operations 93Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 96, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 7121-1:2016ii The British Standards Institution 2016ForewordPublishing informationThis British Sta

13、ndard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 January 2016. Itwas prepared by Subcommittee MHE/3/11, Crane safety and testing, under theauthority of Technical Committee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks. A list oforganizations r

14、epresented on these committees can be obtained on request totheir secretary.SupersessionThis British Standard supersedes BS 7121-1:2006, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 7121-1 provides general recommendations for crane types. BS 7121-2 coversin-service inspection, maintenan

15、ce, thorough examination and testing for thesafe use of all types of crane. Other parts of BS 7121 deal with the specific cranetypes as follows: Part 3: Mobile cranes; Part 4: Lorry loaders; Part 5: Tower cranes; Part 11: Offshore cranes; Part 12: Recovery vehicles and equipment; Part 13: Hydraulic

16、gantry lifting systems; Part 14: Side boom pipelayers.BS 7121 has been accepted as representing the consensus of practical experiencefor the safety of cranes.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard. It is intended to be used in conjunctionwith other parts of BS 7121 to

17、 ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, thatlifting operations are carried out safely.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensu

18、re that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will

19、 be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Comm

20、entary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7121-1:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 iiiContractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the nece

21、ssary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.In particular, attention is drawn to the following statutory regulations: The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 1; The Lifting Operat

22、ions and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 2; The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) 1998 3; The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008, as amended 4; The Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Health and Safety at Work)Regulations 1997 5; The Merchant Shipping a

23、nd Fishing Vessels (Lifting Operations and LiftingEquipment) Regulations (MCA LOLER) 2006 6; The Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Provision and Use of WorkEquipment) Regulations (MCA PUWER) 2006 7; The Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986, as amended 8; The Manual Handling Ope

24、rations Regulations 1992, as amended 9.NOTE 1 Details of the Lifting Operations and Lifting EquipmentRegulations 1998 2 and the Provision and Use of Work EquipmentRegulations 1998 3, together with an HSE Approved Code of Practice and HSEGuidance, are given in HSE publications Safe use of lifting equ

25、ipment N2 and Safeuse of work equipment 10.NOTE 2 Details of the Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels Regulations 5, 6and 7 are given in Maritime and Coastguard Agency Marine Guidance NotesMGN 20 (M+F), The Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Health and Safety atWork) Regulations 1997 11, MGN 33

26、1 (M+F) The Merchant Shipping and FishingVessels (Provision and Use of Work Equipment) Regulations 2006 12 andMGN 332 (M+F) The Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Lifting Operations andLifting Equipment) Regulations 2006 13.BRITISH STANDARDBS 7121-1:2016iv The British Standards Institution 20161

27、 ScopeThis part of BS 7121 gives recommendations for the safe use of cranespermanently or temporarily installed in a work environment. Subjects coveredinclude safe systems of work, selection, erection and dismantling, maintenance,inspection, thorough examination, operation, and the planning andmanag

28、ement of lifting operations.This standard is not applicable to the use of cranes:a) for bungee jumping or similar entertainment activities; orb) as part of a fully automated storage or production system.NOTE Annex A and Annex B give recommendations for the training of appointedpersons, crane supervi

29、sors, crane operators and slinger-signallers. Annex C outlinesthe features of contract lifts and crane hires. Information on the effect of wind anddown-rating of the in-service lifting capacity is given in Annex D. Additionalrecommendations for the operation of cranes on or adjacent to sites of exce

30、ptionalhazards are given in Annex E. Additional information on radio communication forlifting operations is given in Annex F.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references,

31、 onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.Standards publicationsBS 5975:2008+A1:2011, Code of practice for temporary works procedures andthe permissible stress design of falseworkBS 7121 (all parts), Code o

32、f practice for safe use of cranesBS 7121-2, Code of practice for the safe use of cranes Part 2: Inspection,maintenance and thorough examinationBS 7121-2-1:2012, Code of practice for the safe use of cranes Part 2-1:Inspection, maintenance and thorough examination GeneralBS 7121-3:2000, Code of practi

33、ce for safe use of cranes Part 3: Mobile cranes1)BS 7121-4, Code of practice for safe use of cranes Part 4: Lorry loadersBS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations IET Wiring RegulationsBS EN 14439, Cranes Safety Tower cranesBS EN 14502-1, Cranes Equipment for the lifting of persons Part 1:

34、SuspendedbasketsOther publicationsN1HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE (HSE). Guidance Note GS6, Avoidingdanger from overhead power lines. Sudbury: HSE Books, 2013.N2HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE (HSE). Safe use of lifting equipment.Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998. Approved Codeof P

35、ractice and guidance. L113 (Second edition). Sudbury: HSE Books, 2014.N3HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE (HSE). Guidance Note HSG 141, Electricalinstallations on construction sites. Sudbury: HSE Books, 1995.1)Revision in preparation.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7121-1:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 1

36、N4HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE (HSE). Guidance Note HSG 118, Electricalsafety in arc welding. Sudbury: HSE Books, 1994.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1 appointed personperson nominated (typically by the employing organizati

37、on) to plan, and tohave overall control of, the lifting operations3.2 carrierdevice that supports persons during lifting and loweringNOTE Also known as a “manrider” or “man riding basket”.3.3 competent personperson who has such practical and theoretical knowledge and experience of thecrane and the e

38、quipment used in the lifting operation as is necessary to carryout the function3.4 configurationcombination of structural members, counterweights, support or outriggerposition, hook block reeving and similar items assembled, positioned anderected according to manufacturers instructions and ready for

39、 operation3.5 control gearswitching devices in combination with associated control, measuring, protectiveand regulating equipment3.6 crane coordinatorperson responsible for planning and directing the sequence of operations ofcranes to prevent collision with other cranes or loads and other equipment

40、orstructures (e.g. concrete placing booms, telehandlers, piling rigs)3.7 crane operatorperson who is operating the crane for the purpose of positioning loads orerection of the craneNOTE Sometimes referred to as “crane driver”.3.8 crane supervisorperson who controls the lifting operation and is respo

41、nsible for ensuring that itis carried out in accordance with the appointed persons safe system of work3.9 employing organizationperson or organization who requires a lifting operation to be carried out and isresponsible for safe use of the craneNOTE In the case of a crane hire the degree of the empl

42、oying organizationsresponsibility for the safe use of the crane depends on whether the crane is beingsupplied under a crane hire contract or as part of a contract lift (see Annex C).3.10 indicatordevice which provides warnings and/or data to facilitate the competent controlof the crane within its de

43、sign parameters3.11 liftmovement of loads or persons that involves a change of heightBRITISH STANDARDBS 7121-1:20162 The British Standards Institution 20163.12 Lift categories3.12.1 basic liftlifting operation where the load characteristics are considered straightforwardand there are no significant

44、hazards within the working area or on the accessroute for the crane to the working area3.12.2 complex liftlifting operation where significant hazards have been identified with the load orwith the working area or access route of the crane, and the crane is used to liftcomplex loads or persons, or whe

45、re two or more cranes are used to lift the load,or where the lifting operation is carried out at a location with exceptionalhazardsNOTE An example of a location with exceptional hazards is a chemical plant.3.12.3 intermediate liftlifting operation where significant hazards have been identified with

46、the load orwith the working area or access route of the craneNOTE Formally known as a “standard lift”.3.13 lift planinformation provided to the person supervising the lifting operation to enablethem to complete the operation safelyNOTE This normally consists of at least the risk assessment, method s

47、tatement andany relevant drawings.3.14 lifting accessorywork equipment for attaching loads to machinery for liftingNOTE Also known as “accessory for lifting”.3.15 lifting equipmentwork equipment (crane) for lifting or lowering loads, including attachmentsused for anchoring, fixing or supporting the

48、load3.16 loadforce on the crane arising from the weight lifted and any other forces, such assuctionNOTE If a crane is used to lift a load from water, the load could also include forcesdue to water flow or suction and the effect of loss of buoyancy.3.17 method statementdocument produced by the appoin

49、ted person to describe how the liftingoperation is to be carried out3.18 motion limiting devicedevice which restricts a crane motion or initiates the stopping of a motion3.19 multi-crane lift down-rating systemadditional mode programmed into the cranes rated capacity indicator/limiter (RCI/RCL) (see 3.24) which down-rates the maximum lift capacity in allduties when the mode is selected (typically by 33%) and ensures that anexternal visua