1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 7121-2-1:2012Code of practice for the safeuse of cranesPart 2-1: Inspection, maintenanceand thorough examination GeneralPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright n
2、otice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 77745 5ICS 53.020.20The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference MHE/3/11Draft for comment
3、12/30258064 DCPublication historyFirst published November 2012Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 7121-2-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 General 35 Personnel carrying out pre-use checks, in-service inspections,
4、 maintenanceand thorough examinations 36 Pre-use checks and in-service inspections 107 Maintenance 128 Thorough examinations 189 Pre-use checks, in-service inspections and thorough examination for cranesthat have not been in use for an extended period of time 2610 Supplementary tests in support of t
5、horough examination and for otherpurposes 2611 Data logging and condition monitoring systems 3412 Additional recommendations for cranes for lifting persons and forpersonnel carriers (suspended baskets) 3513 Personal fall protection equipment 3614 Assessment of wire rope condition and discard criteri
6、a 37AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Beaufort scale 38Annex B (informative) Sea state code 38Annex C (informative) Example of personnel carrier pre-use check form 39Bibliography 40List of figuresFigure 1 The bathtub curve 13Figure C.1 Example of personnel carrier pre-use check form 39List of tablesTable
7、 A.1 Beaufort scale of wind conditions 38Table B.1 Sea conditions and sea state codes 38Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 42, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7121-2-1:2012 The British Standards Institution
8、 2012 iForewordPublishing informationThis sub-part of BS 7121-2 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licensefrom the British Standards Institution and came into effect on 30 November2012. It was prepared by Subcommittee MHE/3/11, Crane safety and testing,under the authority of Technical Comm
9、ittee MHE/3, Cranes and derricks. A list oforganizations represented on these committees can be obtained on request totheir secretary.SupersessionTogether with BS 7121-2-3, BS 7121-2-4, BS 7121-2-5 and BS 7121-2-7, thissub-part of BS 7121-2 supersedes BS 7121-2:2003, which will be withdrawn whenall
10、these sub-parts have been published.Relationship with other publicationsThe BS 7121 series is being revised. The following new sub-parts of BS 7121-2have been published or are in preparation: Part 2-1: Inspection, maintenance and thorough examination General; Part 2-3: Inspection, maintenance and th
11、orough examination Mobilecranes; Part 2-4: Inspection, maintenance and thorough examination Loadercranes; Part 2-5: Inspection, maintenance and thorough examination Towercranes; Part 2-7: Inspection, maintenance and thorough examination Overheadtravelling cranes including portal and semi-portal cran
12、es, hoists, and theirsupporting structures; Part 2-9: Inspection, maintenance and thorough examination Cargohandling and container cranes.When all sub-parts of BS 7121-2 have been published, it is intended that CP 3010will be withdrawn and BS 5744 will be revised to cover manually operated andlight
13、cranes only.This sub-part of BS 7121-2 is intended to be read in conjunction with theappropriate sub-part(s) of BS 7121-2 dealing with the relevant crane type(s).Information about this documentThe Health and Safety Executive (HSE) commends the use of this British Standardto those who have duties und
14、er the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 1.This standard was drawn up with the participation of HSE representatives and itwill be referred to in the relevant HSE publications.The BS 7121 series has been accepted by the HSE as representing the consensusof opinion based on practical experience f
15、or safety of cranes.Hazard warningsWARNING. This British Standard calls for the use of procedures that can beinjurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only totechnical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligationsrelating to health and safety at any stag
16、e.BRITISH STANDARDBS 7121-2-1:2012ii The British Standards Institution 2012Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this sub-part of BS 7121-2 takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that clai
17、ms of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this sub-part of BS 7121-2 is expected to beable to justify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be ent
18、rusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary,
19、 explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
20、Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.Particular attention is drawn to the following specific regulations: Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 1; Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 2; Provision and Use of Work Equipment Reg
21、ulations (PUWER) 1998 3; Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008 (as amended) 4; Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Health and Safety at Work)Regulations 1997 5; Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Lifting Operations and LiftingEquipment) Regulations (MCA LOLER) 2006 6; Merchant Shippin
22、g and Fishing Vessels (Provision and Use of WorkEquipment) Regulations (MCA PUWER) 2006 7; Road Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1986 (as amended) 8.NOTE 1 Details of the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 19982 and the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 199
23、8 3, togetherwith an HSE Approved Code of Practice and HSE Guidance, are given in HSEpublications Safe use of lifting equipment 9 and Safe use of work equipment 10.NOTE 2 Details of the Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels Regulations 5, 6and 7 are given in Maritime and Coastguard Agency Marine Gui
24、dance NotesMGN 20 (M+F) The Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Health and Safety atWork) Regulations 1997 11, MGN 331 (M+F) The Merchant Shipping and FishingVessels (Provision and Use of Work Equipment) Regulations 2006 12 and MGN 332(M+F) The Merchant Shipping and Fishing Vessels (Lifting Opera
25、tions and LiftingEquipment) Regulations 2006 13.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7121-2-1:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 7121-2-1:2012This page deliberately left blankiv The British Standards Institution 20121 ScopeThis sub-part of BS 7121-2 gives general recommendations for th
26、e pre-usechecks, in-service inspection, maintenance, thorough examination (followinginstallation, in service and following exceptional circumstances) andsupplementary testing of cranes and associated equipment, including gantries,runways and other supporting structures.This sub-part of BS 7121-2 is
27、also applicable to hoists, derricks, telehandlers, forklift trucks and excavators when used to lift suspended loads. For the purposes ofthis standard all these are included under the term “cranes”.It is not applicable to construction hoists, mast climbing work platforms, mobileelevating work platfor
28、ms, jacks and suspended access equipment.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in thisdocument and are indispensible for its application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of theref
29、erenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 7121-1:2006, Code of practice for safe use of cranes GeneralBS 7262, Specification of automatic safe load indicatorsBS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations IET Wiring Regulations Seventeenth editionBS ISO 4309:2010, Cranes Wire ropes
30、Care and maintenance, inspection anddiscard3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this sub-part of BS 7121-2, the following terms anddefinitions apply.3.1 competent personperson who has such practical and theoretical knowledge and experience of thelifting equipment to be thoroughly examined whic
31、h enables them to detectdefects or weaknesses and to assess and report on their importance in relationto the safety and use of the lifting equipmentNOTE The competent person may be a member of the organizations staff. See 5.3.3.2 continuing professional development (CPD)conscious updating of technic
32、al knowledge and the improvement of skillsthroughout a persons working life3.3 cranelifting machine for suspended loads3.4 crane operatorperson who is operating the crane for the purpose of positioning loads or forerection of the crane3.5 inspection bodyemployer of the competent person(s) who provid
33、e examination and testingservicesNOTE BS EN ISO/IEC 17020 gives definitions of different types of inspection body.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7121-2-1:2012 The British Standards Institution 2012 13.6 liftingmovement of loads or persons necessitating, at a given moment, a change oflevel3.7 load radius indica
34、tordevice fitted to a crane that shows the radius at which the crane is operatingand its corresponding rated capacity3.8 radiushorizontal distance between the point at which the centre of rotation of thecrane meets the ground and the vertical centreline passing through the loadlifting attachmentNOTE
35、 In the case of a non-slewing crane, the horizontal distance from thecentreline of a load lifting attachment to the centreline of the nearest axle, bogie ortrack, measured at ground level, may be assumed to be the radius.3.9 rated capacitymaximum load that can be safely handled by a crane in a speci
36、fiedconfiguration and under specified conditionsNOTE The rated capacity is also known as “safe working load” or “working loadlimit”.3.10 rated capacity indicator (RCI)device that gives a warning when the crane is approaching its rated capacityNOTE This was previously known as an “automatic safe load
37、 indicator”.3.11 rated capacity limiter (RCL)device that prevents the crane from being overloadedNOTE This was previously known as an “overload protector”.3.12 testing3.12.1 functional testingoperation of each motion of the crane without a load3.12.2 performance testingoperation of each motion of th
38、e crane with a load equal to or less than therated capacity to determine whether the crane performs to the manufacturersspecification3.12.3 overload testingoperation of the crane with a load exceeding the rated capacity3.12.4 non-destructive testing (NDT)application of measurement techniques to part
39、s of the crane to check for thepresence, location and extent of any defects that could affect the integrity ofthe craneNOTE The techniques employed for non-destructive testing are such that they donot damage or alter the material under test. NDT is also known as non-destructiveexamination (NDE).BRIT
40、ISH STANDARDBS 7121-2-1:20122 The British Standards Institution 20123.13 thorough examinationexamination by a competent person in such depth and detail as the competentperson considers necessary to enable them to determine whether the equipmentbeing examined is safe to take into use or continue in u
41、seNOTE The thorough examination is not part of the maintenance regime for theequipment but provides owners with information which could be used to determinethe effectiveness of the regime.3.14 userperson or organization that has control of the crane4 GeneralRegular pre-use checking, in-service inspe
42、ction, maintenance and thoroughexamination of cranes are essential if cranes are to function safely and reliably.The nature of these activities can be summarized as follows. Pre-use checks are visual checks which are carried out to ensure that thecrane has not suffered any damage or failure, and is
43、safe to use. In-service inspections and maintenance are carried out to ensure thatcomponents are repaired or replaced before they deteriorate to a point atwhich they would become unsafe. Thorough examinations are carried out at specified intervals, afterinstallation on a new site, after major altera
44、tion or repair or after theoccurrence of exceptional circumstances which could jeopardize the safetyof the crane. Supplementary testing is carried out in support of thorough examinationand the extent and nature of any testing are specified by the competentperson carrying out the thorough examination
45、.5 Personnel carrying out pre-use checks, in-serviceinspections, maintenance and thoroughexaminations5.1 Personnel carrying out pre-use checksIt is essential that the pre-use checks of cranes are always carried out bypersonnel who have been assessed by their employer as competent. Thiscompetence sho
46、uld be achieved through a training and assessment schemeconsisting of the following: initial training and assessment of competence; periodic re-assessment of that competence.Crane operators may perform pre-use checks provided that they meet thesecriteria.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7121-2-1:2012 The British
47、 Standards Institution 2012 35.2 Personnel carrying out in-service inspections andmaintenance5.2.1 GeneralIt is essential that the in-service inspection and maintenance of cranes is alwayscarried out by personnel who have been assessed by their employer ascompetent and have adequate training and inf
48、ormation to carry out the workrequired.NOTE Attention is drawn to the Provision and Use of Work EquipmentRegulations 1998 3 which require maintenance work only to be done by those whoare competent to do the work.5.2.2 AttributesMaintenance personnel and those carrying out in-service inspections shou
49、ld: be physically fit for the tasks they are to undertake; have adequate eyesight (with correction if needed); be comfortable working at height, over water or in a confined space (ifrequired); have a responsible attitude; be able to communicate clearly with other personnel in the location wheremaintenance or inspection is taking place; be able to demonstrate adequate literacy and numeracy; be aware of their own limitations in knowledge and experience.5.2.3 CompetenciesM
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